Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)

Percentage Accurate: 24.3% → 54.4%
Time: 22.5s
Alternatives: 2
Speedup: 151.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 2 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 54.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{\frac{w}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (if (<=
        (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))
        INFINITY)
     (/ c0 (/ w (* (/ c0 (* w h)) (pow (/ d D) 2.0))))
     0.0)))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if (((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = c0 / (w / ((c0 / (w * h)) * pow((d / D), 2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if (((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = c0 / (w / ((c0 / (w * h)) * Math.pow((d / D), 2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	tmp = 0
	if ((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))) <= math.inf:
		tmp = c0 / (w / ((c0 / (w * h)) * math.pow((d / D), 2.0)))
	else:
		tmp = 0.0
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))))) <= Inf)
		tmp = Float64(c0 / Float64(w / Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(w * h)) * (Float64(d / D) ^ 2.0))));
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))) <= Inf)
		tmp = c0 / (w / ((c0 / (w * h)) * ((d / D) ^ 2.0)));
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(c0 / N[(w / N[(N[(c0 / N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{\frac{w}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 2 w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

    1. Initial program 78.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative78.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\right)} \]
      2. +-commutative78.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
      3. times-frac76.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
      4. fma-neg76.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}, \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}, -M \cdot M\right)}}\right) \]
    3. Simplified76.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in c0 around inf 83.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-log1p-u39.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-udef36.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)} - 1} \]
    7. Applied egg-rr36.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)} - 1} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-def39.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-log1p81.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
      3. associate-*l/78.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}\right)\right)}{w \cdot 2}} \]
      4. associate-/l*82.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{\frac{w \cdot 2}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
      5. *-commutative82.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot w}}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      6. times-frac82.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{2} \cdot \frac{w}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}}} \]
      7. metadata-eval82.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \frac{w}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}} \]
      8. *-commutative82.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{1 \cdot \frac{w}{\frac{c0}{\color{blue}{h \cdot w}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2}}}} \]
      9. unpow282.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{1 \cdot \frac{w}{\frac{c0}{h \cdot w} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{d \cdot d}}{{D}^{2}}}} \]
      10. unpow282.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{1 \cdot \frac{w}{\frac{c0}{h \cdot w} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}}} \]
      11. times-frac87.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{1 \cdot \frac{w}{\frac{c0}{h \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)}}} \]
      12. unpow287.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{1 \cdot \frac{w}{\frac{c0}{h \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}} \]
    9. Simplified87.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{1 \cdot \frac{w}{\frac{c0}{h \cdot w} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}} \]

    if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 2 w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative0.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\right)} \]
      2. +-commutative0.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
      3. times-frac0.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
      4. fma-neg0.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}, \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}, -M \cdot M\right)}}\right) \]
    3. Simplified1.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 1.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*1.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      2. neg-mul-11.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-c0\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \]
      3. distribute-lft1-in1.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval1.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\left(-c0\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \]
      5. mul0-lft40.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0}\right) \]
      6. distribute-lft-neg-in40.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-c0 \cdot 0\right)} \]
      7. distribute-rgt-neg-in40.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \left(-0\right)\right)} \]
      8. metadata-eval40.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \color{blue}{0}\right) \]
    7. Simplified40.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot 0\right)} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in c0 around 0 46.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification58.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{\frac{w}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 33.3% accurate, 151.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	return 0.0;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	return 0.0
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	return 0.0
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	tmp = 0.0;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}

\\
0
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 23.5%

    \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutative23.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\right)} \]
    2. +-commutative23.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    3. times-frac23.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    4. fma-neg23.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}, \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}, -M \cdot M\right)}}\right) \]
  3. Simplified23.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 3.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*3.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    2. neg-mul-13.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-c0\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \]
    3. distribute-lft1-in3.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}\right) \]
    4. metadata-eval3.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\left(-c0\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \]
    5. mul0-lft30.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0}\right) \]
    6. distribute-lft-neg-in30.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-c0 \cdot 0\right)} \]
    7. distribute-rgt-neg-in30.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \left(-0\right)\right)} \]
    8. metadata-eval30.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \color{blue}{0}\right) \]
  7. Simplified30.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot 0\right)} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in c0 around 0 34.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
  9. Final simplification34.9%

    \[\leadsto 0 \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024024 
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
  :name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (sqrt (- (* (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))) (* M M))))))