Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)

Percentage Accurate: 24.3% → 54.3%
Time: 23.4s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 21.6×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 54.3% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{2 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot {D}^{2}}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (if (<=
        (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))
        INFINITY)
     (/
      (* c0 0.5)
      (/ w (* 2.0 (/ (* c0 (pow d 2.0)) (* (* w h) (pow D 2.0))))))
     (/ (* c0 0.5) (/ w 0.0)))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if (((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / (2.0 * ((c0 * pow(d, 2.0)) / ((w * h) * pow(D, 2.0)))));
	} else {
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if (((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / (2.0 * ((c0 * Math.pow(d, 2.0)) / ((w * h) * Math.pow(D, 2.0)))));
	} else {
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	tmp = 0
	if ((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))) <= math.inf:
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / (2.0 * ((c0 * math.pow(d, 2.0)) / ((w * h) * math.pow(D, 2.0)))))
	else:
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0)
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))))) <= Inf)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c0 * 0.5) / Float64(w / Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(c0 * (d ^ 2.0)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * (D ^ 2.0))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c0 * 0.5) / Float64(w / 0.0));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))) <= Inf)
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / (2.0 * ((c0 * (d ^ 2.0)) / ((w * h) * (D ^ 2.0)))));
	else
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(c0 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(w / N[(2.0 * N[(N[(c0 * N[Power[d, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[D, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c0 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(w / 0.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{2 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot {D}^{2}}}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 2 w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

    1. Initial program 78.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac76.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    3. Simplified76.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr79.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}{w}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*79.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*78.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      3. unpow278.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      4. swap-sqr67.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      5. unpow267.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      6. pow-sqr67.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot 2\right)}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      7. metadata-eval67.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\color{blue}{4}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      8. associate-/r*67.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
    6. Simplified67.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in c0 around inf 85.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}}} \]

    if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 2 w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac0.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    3. Simplified1.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr10.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}{w}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*10.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*10.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      3. unpow210.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      4. swap-sqr7.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      5. unpow27.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      6. pow-sqr7.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot 2\right)}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      7. metadata-eval7.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\color{blue}{4}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      8. associate-/r*7.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
    6. Simplified7.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 2.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*2.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}}} \]
      2. mul-1-neg2.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{\left(-c0\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}} \]
      3. distribute-lft1-in2.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}}} \]
      4. metadata-eval2.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}} \]
      5. mul0-lft46.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0}}} \]
      6. distribute-lft-neg-in46.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{-c0 \cdot 0}}} \]
      7. mul0-rgt46.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{-\color{blue}{0}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval46.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{0}}} \]
    9. Simplified46.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{0}}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification57.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{2 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot {D}^{2}}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 2: 54.2% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w}\\ t_1 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t_0 \cdot \left(t_1 + \sqrt{t_1 \cdot t_1 - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{c0}{\frac{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot {D}^{2}}{{d}^{2}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ c0 (* 2.0 w))) (t_1 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (if (<= (* t_0 (+ t_1 (sqrt (- (* t_1 t_1) (* M M))))) INFINITY)
     (* t_0 (* 2.0 (/ c0 (/ (* (* w h) (pow D 2.0)) (pow d 2.0)))))
     (/ (* c0 0.5) (/ w 0.0)))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = c0 / (2.0 * w);
	double t_1 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 * (t_1 + sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = t_0 * (2.0 * (c0 / (((w * h) * pow(D, 2.0)) / pow(d, 2.0))));
	} else {
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = c0 / (2.0 * w);
	double t_1 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 * (t_1 + Math.sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))))) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = t_0 * (2.0 * (c0 / (((w * h) * Math.pow(D, 2.0)) / Math.pow(d, 2.0))));
	} else {
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = c0 / (2.0 * w)
	t_1 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	tmp = 0
	if (t_0 * (t_1 + math.sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))))) <= math.inf:
		tmp = t_0 * (2.0 * (c0 / (((w * h) * math.pow(D, 2.0)) / math.pow(d, 2.0))))
	else:
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0)
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_0 * Float64(t_1 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_1 * t_1) - Float64(M * M))))) <= Inf)
		tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(2.0 * Float64(c0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(w * h) * (D ^ 2.0)) / (d ^ 2.0)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c0 * 0.5) / Float64(w / 0.0));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = c0 / (2.0 * w);
	t_1 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_0 * (t_1 + sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))))) <= Inf)
		tmp = t_0 * (2.0 * (c0 / (((w * h) * (D ^ 2.0)) / (d ^ 2.0))));
	else
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$0 * N[(t$95$1 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(t$95$0 * N[(2.0 * N[(c0 / N[(N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[D, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[d, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c0 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(w / 0.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w}\\
t_1 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_0 \cdot \left(t_1 + \sqrt{t_1 \cdot t_1 - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{c0}{\frac{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot {D}^{2}}{{d}^{2}}}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 2 w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

    1. Initial program 78.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac76.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    3. Simplified76.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in c0 around inf 83.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*82.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{\frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}{{d}^{2}}}}\right) \]
    6. Simplified82.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{c0}{\frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}{{d}^{2}}}\right)} \]

    if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 2 w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac0.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    3. Simplified1.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr10.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}{w}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*10.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*10.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      3. unpow210.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      4. swap-sqr7.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      5. unpow27.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      6. pow-sqr7.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot 2\right)}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      7. metadata-eval7.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\color{blue}{4}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      8. associate-/r*7.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
    6. Simplified7.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 2.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*2.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}}} \]
      2. mul-1-neg2.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{\left(-c0\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}} \]
      3. distribute-lft1-in2.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}}} \]
      4. metadata-eval2.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}} \]
      5. mul0-lft46.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0}}} \]
      6. distribute-lft-neg-in46.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{-c0 \cdot 0}}} \]
      7. mul0-rgt46.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{-\color{blue}{0}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval46.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{0}}} \]
    9. Simplified46.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{0}}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification57.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{c0}{\frac{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot {D}^{2}}{{d}^{2}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3: 54.4% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ t_1 := \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t_1 \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;t_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))))
        (t_1 (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
   (if (<= t_1 INFINITY) t_1 (/ (* c0 0.5) (/ w 0.0)))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double t_1 = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double t_1 = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	t_1 = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
	tmp = 0
	if t_1 <= math.inf:
		tmp = t_1
	else:
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0)
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Inf)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c0 * 0.5) / Float64(w / 0.0));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	t_1 = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_1 <= Inf)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, Infinity], t$95$1, N[(N[(c0 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(w / 0.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
t_1 := \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 + \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M}\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_1 \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;t_1\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 2 w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

    1. Initial program 78.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]

    if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 2 w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac0.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    3. Simplified1.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr10.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}{w}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*10.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*10.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      3. unpow210.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      4. swap-sqr7.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      5. unpow27.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      6. pow-sqr7.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot 2\right)}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      7. metadata-eval7.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\color{blue}{4}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      8. associate-/r*7.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
    6. Simplified7.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 2.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*2.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}}} \]
      2. mul-1-neg2.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{\left(-c0\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}} \]
      3. distribute-lft1-in2.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}}} \]
      4. metadata-eval2.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}} \]
      5. mul0-lft46.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0}}} \]
      6. distribute-lft-neg-in46.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{-c0 \cdot 0}}} \]
      7. mul0-rgt46.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{-\color{blue}{0}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval46.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{0}}} \]
    9. Simplified46.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{0}}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification55.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 33.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\\ t_1 := t_0 \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\\ \mathbf{if}\;w \leq -5.4 \cdot 10^{-105} \lor \neg \left(w \leq -1.45 \cdot 10^{-240}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot \left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right) + \sqrt{t_1 \cdot t_1 - M \cdot M}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ c0 (* w h))) (t_1 (* t_0 (/ (* d d) (* D D)))))
   (if (or (<= w -5.4e-105) (not (<= w -1.45e-240)))
     (/ (* c0 0.5) (/ w 0.0))
     (*
      (/ c0 (* 2.0 w))
      (+ (* t_0 (* (/ d D) (/ d D))) (sqrt (- (* t_1 t_1) (* M M))))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = c0 / (w * h);
	double t_1 = t_0 * ((d * d) / (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if ((w <= -5.4e-105) || !(w <= -1.45e-240)) {
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	} else {
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * ((t_0 * ((d / D) * (d / D))) + sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = c0 / (w * h)
    t_1 = t_0 * ((d_1 * d_1) / (d * d))
    if ((w <= (-5.4d-105)) .or. (.not. (w <= (-1.45d-240)))) then
        tmp = (c0 * 0.5d0) / (w / 0.0d0)
    else
        tmp = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * ((t_0 * ((d_1 / d) * (d_1 / d))) + sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (m * m))))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = c0 / (w * h);
	double t_1 = t_0 * ((d * d) / (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if ((w <= -5.4e-105) || !(w <= -1.45e-240)) {
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	} else {
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * ((t_0 * ((d / D) * (d / D))) + Math.sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = c0 / (w * h)
	t_1 = t_0 * ((d * d) / (D * D))
	tmp = 0
	if (w <= -5.4e-105) or not (w <= -1.45e-240):
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0)
	else:
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * ((t_0 * ((d / D) * (d / D))) + math.sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))))
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(c0 / Float64(w * h))
	t_1 = Float64(t_0 * Float64(Float64(d * d) / Float64(D * D)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((w <= -5.4e-105) || !(w <= -1.45e-240))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c0 * 0.5) / Float64(w / 0.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(Float64(t_0 * Float64(Float64(d / D) * Float64(d / D))) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_1 * t_1) - Float64(M * M)))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = c0 / (w * h);
	t_1 = t_0 * ((d * d) / (D * D));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((w <= -5.4e-105) || ~((w <= -1.45e-240)))
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	else
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * ((t_0 * ((d / D) * (d / D))) + sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(c0 / N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] / N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[w, -5.4e-105], N[Not[LessEqual[w, -1.45e-240]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(c0 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(w / 0.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\\
t_1 := t_0 \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\\
\mathbf{if}\;w \leq -5.4 \cdot 10^{-105} \lor \neg \left(w \leq -1.45 \cdot 10^{-240}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot \left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right) + \sqrt{t_1 \cdot t_1 - M \cdot M}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if w < -5.39999999999999985e-105 or -1.4500000000000001e-240 < w

    1. Initial program 17.3%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac16.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    3. Simplified17.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr25.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}{w}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*25.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*25.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      3. unpow225.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      4. swap-sqr21.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      5. unpow221.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      6. pow-sqr21.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot 2\right)}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      7. metadata-eval21.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\color{blue}{4}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      8. associate-/r*21.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
    6. Simplified21.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 3.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*3.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}}} \]
      2. mul-1-neg3.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{\left(-c0\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}} \]
      3. distribute-lft1-in3.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}}} \]
      4. metadata-eval3.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}} \]
      5. mul0-lft38.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0}}} \]
      6. distribute-lft-neg-in38.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{-c0 \cdot 0}}} \]
      7. mul0-rgt38.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{-\color{blue}{0}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval38.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{0}}} \]
    9. Simplified38.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{0}}} \]

    if -5.39999999999999985e-105 < w < -1.4500000000000001e-240

    1. Initial program 49.7%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac49.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    3. Simplified49.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. frac-times49.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    5. Applied egg-rr49.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification40.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;w \leq -5.4 \cdot 10^{-105} \lor \neg \left(w \leq -1.45 \cdot 10^{-240}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right) + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 33.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;w \leq -1.8 \cdot 10^{-103} \lor \neg \left(w \leq -2.1 \cdot 10^{-232}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M} + \frac{d}{D} \cdot \left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (if (or (<= w -1.8e-103) (not (<= w -2.1e-232)))
     (/ (* c0 0.5) (/ w 0.0))
     (*
      (/ c0 (* 2.0 w))
      (+
       (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))
       (* (/ d D) (* (/ d D) (/ c0 (* w h)))))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if ((w <= -1.8e-103) || !(w <= -2.1e-232)) {
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	} else {
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + ((d / D) * ((d / D) * (c0 / (w * h)))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    if ((w <= (-1.8d-103)) .or. (.not. (w <= (-2.1d-232)))) then
        tmp = (c0 * 0.5d0) / (w / 0.0d0)
    else
        tmp = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))) + ((d_1 / d) * ((d_1 / d) * (c0 / (w * h)))))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if ((w <= -1.8e-103) || !(w <= -2.1e-232)) {
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	} else {
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + ((d / D) * ((d / D) * (c0 / (w * h)))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	tmp = 0
	if (w <= -1.8e-103) or not (w <= -2.1e-232):
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0)
	else:
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + ((d / D) * ((d / D) * (c0 / (w * h)))))
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((w <= -1.8e-103) || !(w <= -2.1e-232))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c0 * 0.5) / Float64(w / 0.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))) + Float64(Float64(d / D) * Float64(Float64(d / D) * Float64(c0 / Float64(w * h))))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((w <= -1.8e-103) || ~((w <= -2.1e-232)))
		tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
	else
		tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + ((d / D) * ((d / D) * (c0 / (w * h)))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[w, -1.8e-103], N[Not[LessEqual[w, -2.1e-232]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(c0 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(w / 0.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c0 / N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;w \leq -1.8 \cdot 10^{-103} \lor \neg \left(w \leq -2.1 \cdot 10^{-232}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 - M \cdot M} + \frac{d}{D} \cdot \left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if w < -1.7999999999999999e-103 or -2.1e-232 < w

    1. Initial program 17.3%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac16.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    3. Simplified17.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
    4. Applied egg-rr25.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}{w}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*25.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*25.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      3. unpow225.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      4. swap-sqr21.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      5. unpow221.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      6. pow-sqr21.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot 2\right)}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      7. metadata-eval21.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\color{blue}{4}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
      8. associate-/r*21.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
    6. Simplified21.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 3.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*3.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}}} \]
      2. mul-1-neg3.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{\left(-c0\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}} \]
      3. distribute-lft1-in3.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}}} \]
      4. metadata-eval3.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}} \]
      5. mul0-lft38.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0}}} \]
      6. distribute-lft-neg-in38.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{-c0 \cdot 0}}} \]
      7. mul0-rgt38.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{-\color{blue}{0}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval38.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{0}}} \]
    9. Simplified38.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{0}}} \]

    if -1.7999999999999999e-103 < w < -2.1e-232

    1. Initial program 49.7%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. frac-times49.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
      2. frac-times49.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
      3. *-commutative49.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
      4. associate-*l*49.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    3. Applied egg-rr49.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification40.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;w \leq -1.8 \cdot 10^{-103} \lor \neg \left(w \leq -2.1 \cdot 10^{-232}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{d}{D} \cdot \left(\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6: 33.3% accurate, 21.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M) :precision binary64 (/ (* c0 0.5) (/ w 0.0)))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	return (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = (c0 * 0.5d0) / (w / 0.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	return (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	return (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0)
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	return Float64(Float64(c0 * 0.5) / Float64(w / 0.0))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	tmp = (c0 * 0.5) / (w / 0.0);
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := N[(N[(c0 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(w / 0.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 23.5%

    \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. times-frac23.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
  3. Simplified23.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D} + \sqrt{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}\right) - M \cdot M}\right)} \]
  4. Applied egg-rr30.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}{w}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*31.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
    2. associate-/r*30.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{2} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
    3. unpow230.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
    4. swap-sqr25.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right)} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
    5. unpow225.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}\right) - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
    6. pow-sqr25.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot 2\right)}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
    7. metadata-eval25.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{c0}{w \cdot h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{\color{blue}{4}} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
    8. associate-/r*25.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}} \]
  6. Simplified25.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}, {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{c0}{w}}{h}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{4} - {M}^{2}}\right)}}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf 3.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*3.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}}} \]
    2. mul-1-neg3.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{\left(-c0\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}} \]
    3. distribute-lft1-in3.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}}} \]
    4. metadata-eval3.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}} \]
    5. mul0-lft34.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\left(-c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0}}} \]
    6. distribute-lft-neg-in34.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{-c0 \cdot 0}}} \]
    7. mul0-rgt34.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{-\color{blue}{0}}} \]
    8. metadata-eval34.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{0}}} \]
  9. Simplified34.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{\color{blue}{0}}} \]
  10. Final simplification34.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{c0 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{w}{0}} \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024024 
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
  :name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (sqrt (- (* (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))) (* M M))))))