
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(+
(* -2.0 (/ (* (pow a 2.0) (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0)))
(-
(-
(* -0.25 (* (/ (pow (* a c) 4.0) a) (/ 20.0 (pow b 7.0))))
(/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 3.0)))
(/ c b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-2.0 * ((pow(a, 2.0) * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * ((pow((a * c), 4.0) / a) * (20.0 / pow(b, 7.0)))) - ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((-2.0d0) * (((a ** 2.0d0) * (c ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((((-0.25d0) * ((((a * c) ** 4.0d0) / a) * (20.0d0 / (b ** 7.0d0)))) - ((a * (c ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 3.0d0))) - (c / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-2.0 * ((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * Math.pow(c, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * ((Math.pow((a * c), 4.0) / a) * (20.0 / Math.pow(b, 7.0)))) - ((a * Math.pow(c, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-2.0 * ((math.pow(a, 2.0) * math.pow(c, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * ((math.pow((a * c), 4.0) / a) * (20.0 / math.pow(b, 7.0)))) - ((a * math.pow(c, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.25 * Float64(Float64((Float64(a * c) ^ 4.0) / a) * Float64(20.0 / (b ^ 7.0)))) - Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0))) - Float64(c / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-2.0 * (((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * ((((a * c) ^ 4.0) / a) * (20.0 / (b ^ 7.0)))) - ((a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0))) - (c / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(-0.25 * N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(20.0 / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + \left(\left(-0.25 \cdot \left(\frac{{\left(a \cdot c\right)}^{4}}{a} \cdot \frac{20}{{b}^{7}}\right) - \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 35.7%
*-commutative35.7%
Simplified35.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 94.7%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 94.7%
distribute-rgt-out94.7%
associate-*r*94.7%
*-commutative94.7%
times-frac94.7%
Simplified94.7%
Final simplification94.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (- (/ (* -2.0 (* (pow a 2.0) (pow c 3.0))) (pow b 5.0)) (/ c b)) (/ a (/ (pow b 3.0) (pow c 2.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (((-2.0 * (pow(a, 2.0) * pow(c, 3.0))) / pow(b, 5.0)) - (c / b)) - (a / (pow(b, 3.0) / pow(c, 2.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((((-2.0d0) * ((a ** 2.0d0) * (c ** 3.0d0))) / (b ** 5.0d0)) - (c / b)) - (a / ((b ** 3.0d0) / (c ** 2.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (((-2.0 * (Math.pow(a, 2.0) * Math.pow(c, 3.0))) / Math.pow(b, 5.0)) - (c / b)) - (a / (Math.pow(b, 3.0) / Math.pow(c, 2.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (((-2.0 * (math.pow(a, 2.0) * math.pow(c, 3.0))) / math.pow(b, 5.0)) - (c / b)) - (a / (math.pow(b, 3.0) / math.pow(c, 2.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 5.0)) - Float64(c / b)) - Float64(a / Float64((b ^ 3.0) / (c ^ 2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (((-2.0 * ((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0))) / (b ^ 5.0)) - (c / b)) - (a / ((b ^ 3.0) / (c ^ 2.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[(N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{-2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}\right)}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{a}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{{c}^{2}}}
\end{array}
Initial program 35.7%
*-commutative35.7%
Simplified35.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 92.3%
associate-+r+92.3%
mul-1-neg92.3%
unsub-neg92.3%
mul-1-neg92.3%
unsub-neg92.3%
associate-*r/92.3%
*-commutative92.3%
associate-/l*92.3%
Simplified92.3%
Final simplification92.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (if (<= (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* c (* a 4.0)))) b) (* a 2.0)) -0.292) (/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* c (* a -4.0)))) b) (* a 2.0)) (pow (- (/ a b) (/ b c)) -1.0)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (((sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0)) <= -0.292) {
tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (c * (a * -4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
} else {
tmp = pow(((a / b) - (b / c)), -1.0);
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(c * Float64(a * 4.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)) <= -0.292) tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(c * Float64(a * -4.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(a / b) - Float64(b / c)) ^ -1.0; end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * N[(a * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.292], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(c * N[(a * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Power[N[(N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2} \leq -0.292:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{a}{b} - \frac{b}{c}\right)}^{-1}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))) (*.f64 2 a)) < -0.291999999999999982Initial program 80.8%
Simplified80.9%
if -0.291999999999999982 < (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))) (*.f64 2 a)) Initial program 29.9%
*-commutative29.9%
Simplified29.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 90.9%
distribute-lft-out90.9%
associate-/l*90.9%
associate-/l*90.9%
Simplified90.9%
clear-num90.9%
inv-pow90.9%
associate-/l*90.8%
+-commutative90.8%
associate-/r/90.8%
fma-def90.8%
associate-*l/90.8%
*-commutative90.8%
Applied egg-rr90.8%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 91.3%
+-commutative91.3%
neg-mul-191.3%
unsub-neg91.3%
Simplified91.3%
Final simplification90.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* c (* a 4.0)))) b) (* a 2.0)))) (if (<= t_0 -0.292) t_0 (pow (- (/ a b) (/ b c)) -1.0))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= -0.292) {
tmp = t_0;
} else {
tmp = pow(((a / b) - (b / c)), -1.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0d0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0d0)
if (t_0 <= (-0.292d0)) then
tmp = t_0
else
tmp = ((a / b) - (b / c)) ** (-1.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = (Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= -0.292) {
tmp = t_0;
} else {
tmp = Math.pow(((a / b) - (b / c)), -1.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): t_0 = (math.sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0) tmp = 0 if t_0 <= -0.292: tmp = t_0 else: tmp = math.pow(((a / b) - (b / c)), -1.0) return tmp
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(c * Float64(a * 4.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)) tmp = 0.0 if (t_0 <= -0.292) tmp = t_0; else tmp = Float64(Float64(a / b) - Float64(b / c)) ^ -1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) t_0 = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0); tmp = 0.0; if (t_0 <= -0.292) tmp = t_0; else tmp = ((a / b) - (b / c)) ^ -1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * N[(a * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, -0.292], t$95$0, N[Power[N[(N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq -0.292:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{a}{b} - \frac{b}{c}\right)}^{-1}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))) (*.f64 2 a)) < -0.291999999999999982Initial program 80.8%
if -0.291999999999999982 < (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 4 a) c)))) (*.f64 2 a)) Initial program 29.9%
*-commutative29.9%
Simplified29.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 90.9%
distribute-lft-out90.9%
associate-/l*90.9%
associate-/l*90.9%
Simplified90.9%
clear-num90.9%
inv-pow90.9%
associate-/l*90.8%
+-commutative90.8%
associate-/r/90.8%
fma-def90.8%
associate-*l/90.8%
*-commutative90.8%
Applied egg-rr90.8%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 91.3%
+-commutative91.3%
neg-mul-191.3%
unsub-neg91.3%
Simplified91.3%
Final simplification90.1%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (pow (- (/ a b) (/ b c)) -1.0))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return pow(((a / b) - (b / c)), -1.0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((a / b) - (b / c)) ** (-1.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return Math.pow(((a / b) - (b / c)), -1.0);
}
def code(a, b, c): return math.pow(((a / b) - (b / c)), -1.0)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(a / b) - Float64(b / c)) ^ -1.0 end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((a / b) - (b / c)) ^ -1.0; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[Power[N[(N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{\left(\frac{a}{b} - \frac{b}{c}\right)}^{-1}
\end{array}
Initial program 35.7%
*-commutative35.7%
Simplified35.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 87.8%
distribute-lft-out87.8%
associate-/l*87.8%
associate-/l*87.8%
Simplified87.8%
clear-num87.8%
inv-pow87.8%
associate-/l*87.7%
+-commutative87.7%
associate-/r/87.7%
fma-def87.7%
associate-*l/87.7%
*-commutative87.7%
Applied egg-rr87.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 88.3%
+-commutative88.3%
neg-mul-188.3%
unsub-neg88.3%
Simplified88.3%
Final simplification88.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- c) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -c / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = -c / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -c / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return -c / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-c) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = -c / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 35.7%
*-commutative35.7%
Simplified35.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 77.6%
mul-1-neg77.6%
distribute-neg-frac77.6%
Simplified77.6%
Final simplification77.6%
herbie shell --seed 2024024
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, medium range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 a) (< a 9007199254740992.0)) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 b) (< b 9007199254740992.0))) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 c) (< c 9007199254740992.0)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))