
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 5 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(+
(* -2.0 (/ (* (pow a 2.0) (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0)))
(-
(-
(* -0.25 (* (/ (pow (* a c) 4.0) a) (/ 20.0 (pow b 7.0))))
(/ (* a (pow c 2.0)) (pow b 3.0)))
(/ c b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-2.0 * ((pow(a, 2.0) * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * ((pow((a * c), 4.0) / a) * (20.0 / pow(b, 7.0)))) - ((a * pow(c, 2.0)) / pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((-2.0d0) * (((a ** 2.0d0) * (c ** 3.0d0)) / (b ** 5.0d0))) + ((((-0.25d0) * ((((a * c) ** 4.0d0) / a) * (20.0d0 / (b ** 7.0d0)))) - ((a * (c ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 3.0d0))) - (c / b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-2.0 * ((Math.pow(a, 2.0) * Math.pow(c, 3.0)) / Math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * ((Math.pow((a * c), 4.0) / a) * (20.0 / Math.pow(b, 7.0)))) - ((a * Math.pow(c, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b));
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-2.0 * ((math.pow(a, 2.0) * math.pow(c, 3.0)) / math.pow(b, 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * ((math.pow((a * c), 4.0) / a) * (20.0 / math.pow(b, 7.0)))) - ((a * math.pow(c, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.25 * Float64(Float64((Float64(a * c) ^ 4.0) / a) * Float64(20.0 / (b ^ 7.0)))) - Float64(Float64(a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0))) - Float64(c / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-2.0 * (((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * ((((a * c) ^ 4.0) / a) * (20.0 / (b ^ 7.0)))) - ((a * (c ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0))) - (c / b)); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(-0.25 * N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(20.0 / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a * N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + \left(\left(-0.25 \cdot \left(\frac{{\left(a \cdot c\right)}^{4}}{a} \cdot \frac{20}{{b}^{7}}\right) - \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 18.9%
*-commutative18.9%
Simplified18.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 97.5%
Taylor expanded in c around 0 97.5%
distribute-rgt-out97.5%
associate-*r*97.5%
*-commutative97.5%
times-frac97.5%
Simplified97.5%
Final simplification97.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (- (/ -2.0 (/ (pow b 5.0) (* (pow a 2.0) (pow c 3.0)))) (/ c b)) (* (pow c 2.0) (/ a (pow b 3.0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((-2.0 / (pow(b, 5.0) / (pow(a, 2.0) * pow(c, 3.0)))) - (c / b)) - (pow(c, 2.0) * (a / pow(b, 3.0)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (((-2.0d0) / ((b ** 5.0d0) / ((a ** 2.0d0) * (c ** 3.0d0)))) - (c / b)) - ((c ** 2.0d0) * (a / (b ** 3.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((-2.0 / (Math.pow(b, 5.0) / (Math.pow(a, 2.0) * Math.pow(c, 3.0)))) - (c / b)) - (Math.pow(c, 2.0) * (a / Math.pow(b, 3.0)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((-2.0 / (math.pow(b, 5.0) / (math.pow(a, 2.0) * math.pow(c, 3.0)))) - (c / b)) - (math.pow(c, 2.0) * (a / math.pow(b, 3.0)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 / Float64((b ^ 5.0) / Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)))) - Float64(c / b)) - Float64((c ^ 2.0) * Float64(a / (b ^ 3.0)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((-2.0 / ((b ^ 5.0) / ((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)))) - (c / b)) - ((c ^ 2.0) * (a / (b ^ 3.0))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(-2.0 / N[(N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{-2}{\frac{{b}^{5}}{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - {c}^{2} \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.9%
*-commutative18.9%
Simplified18.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 96.7%
associate-+r+96.7%
mul-1-neg96.7%
unsub-neg96.7%
mul-1-neg96.7%
unsub-neg96.7%
associate-*r/96.7%
associate-/l*96.7%
*-commutative96.7%
associate-/l*96.7%
associate-/r/96.7%
Simplified96.7%
Final simplification96.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (* (pow c 2.0) (/ (- a) (pow b 3.0))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (pow(c, 2.0) * (-a / pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((c ** 2.0d0) * (-a / (b ** 3.0d0))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (Math.pow(c, 2.0) * (-a / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (math.pow(c, 2.0) * (-a / math.pow(b, 3.0))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64((c ^ 2.0) * Float64(Float64(-a) / (b ^ 3.0))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((c ^ 2.0) * (-a / (b ^ 3.0))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[((-a) / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{c}^{2} \cdot \frac{-a}{{b}^{3}} - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.9%
*-commutative18.9%
Simplified18.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 95.2%
mul-1-neg95.2%
unsub-neg95.2%
mul-1-neg95.2%
distribute-neg-frac95.2%
associate-/l*95.2%
associate-/r/95.2%
Simplified95.2%
Final simplification95.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (* -2.0 (* (* a c) (/ 1.0 b))) (* -2.0 (/ (* (* a c) (* a c)) (pow b 3.0)))) (* a 2.0)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((-2.0 * ((a * c) * (1.0 / b))) + (-2.0 * (((a * c) * (a * c)) / pow(b, 3.0)))) / (a * 2.0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (((-2.0d0) * ((a * c) * (1.0d0 / b))) + ((-2.0d0) * (((a * c) * (a * c)) / (b ** 3.0d0)))) / (a * 2.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return ((-2.0 * ((a * c) * (1.0 / b))) + (-2.0 * (((a * c) * (a * c)) / Math.pow(b, 3.0)))) / (a * 2.0);
}
def code(a, b, c): return ((-2.0 * ((a * c) * (1.0 / b))) + (-2.0 * (((a * c) * (a * c)) / math.pow(b, 3.0)))) / (a * 2.0)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(a * c) * Float64(1.0 / b))) + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * c) * Float64(a * c)) / (b ^ 3.0)))) / Float64(a * 2.0)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((-2.0 * ((a * c) * (1.0 / b))) + (-2.0 * (((a * c) * (a * c)) / (b ^ 3.0)))) / (a * 2.0); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-2 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right) + -2 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{3}}}{a \cdot 2}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.9%
*-commutative18.9%
Simplified18.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 94.8%
div-inv94.7%
Applied egg-rr94.7%
expm1-log1p-u94.7%
expm1-udef92.7%
pow-prod-down92.7%
Applied egg-rr92.7%
expm1-def94.7%
expm1-log1p94.7%
Simplified94.7%
unpow294.7%
Applied egg-rr94.7%
Final simplification94.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- c) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -c / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = -c / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -c / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return -c / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-c) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = -c / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.9%
*-commutative18.9%
Simplified18.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 90.1%
mul-1-neg90.1%
distribute-neg-frac90.1%
Simplified90.1%
Final simplification90.1%
herbie shell --seed 2024024
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))