
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (/ (+ (- (pow (- b) 2.0) (pow b 2.0)) (* c (* a 3.0))) (- (- b) (sqrt (- (pow b 2.0) (* a (* c 3.0)))))) (* a 3.0)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (((pow(-b, 2.0) - pow(b, 2.0)) + (c * (a * 3.0))) / (-b - sqrt((pow(b, 2.0) - (a * (c * 3.0)))))) / (a * 3.0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((((-b ** 2.0d0) - (b ** 2.0d0)) + (c * (a * 3.0d0))) / (-b - sqrt(((b ** 2.0d0) - (a * (c * 3.0d0)))))) / (a * 3.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (((Math.pow(-b, 2.0) - Math.pow(b, 2.0)) + (c * (a * 3.0))) / (-b - Math.sqrt((Math.pow(b, 2.0) - (a * (c * 3.0)))))) / (a * 3.0);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (((math.pow(-b, 2.0) - math.pow(b, 2.0)) + (c * (a * 3.0))) / (-b - math.sqrt((math.pow(b, 2.0) - (a * (c * 3.0)))))) / (a * 3.0)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(-b) ^ 2.0) - (b ^ 2.0)) + Float64(c * Float64(a * 3.0))) / Float64(Float64(-b) - sqrt(Float64((b ^ 2.0) - Float64(a * Float64(c * 3.0)))))) / Float64(a * 3.0)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = ((((-b ^ 2.0) - (b ^ 2.0)) + (c * (a * 3.0))) / (-b - sqrt(((b ^ 2.0) - (a * (c * 3.0)))))) / (a * 3.0); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[(-b), 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(c * N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[((-b) - N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(c * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\left({\left(-b\right)}^{2} - {b}^{2}\right) + c \cdot \left(a \cdot 3\right)}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{{b}^{2} - a \cdot \left(c \cdot 3\right)}}}{a \cdot 3}
\end{array}
Initial program 36.1%
expm1-log1p-u36.0%
associate-*l*36.0%
Applied egg-rr36.0%
flip-+36.1%
pow236.1%
expm1-log1p-u36.1%
expm1-log1p-u36.1%
add-sqr-sqrt36.9%
pow236.9%
associate-*r*36.9%
*-commutative36.9%
Applied egg-rr36.9%
associate--r-99.4%
associate-*l*99.2%
associate-*l*99.2%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.2%
associate-*r*99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
*-commutative99.4%
Simplified99.4%
Final simplification99.4%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* (+ b (sqrt (fma a (* c -3.0) (pow b 2.0)))) (/ -1.0 c))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 1.0 / ((b + sqrt(fma(a, (c * -3.0), pow(b, 2.0)))) * (-1.0 / c));
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b + sqrt(fma(a, Float64(c * -3.0), (b ^ 2.0)))) * Float64(-1.0 / c))) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b + N[Sqrt[N[(a * N[(c * -3.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\left(b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -3, {b}^{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{c}}
\end{array}
Initial program 36.1%
expm1-log1p-u36.0%
associate-*l*36.0%
Applied egg-rr36.0%
flip-+36.1%
pow236.1%
expm1-log1p-u36.1%
expm1-log1p-u36.1%
add-sqr-sqrt36.9%
pow236.9%
associate-*r*36.9%
*-commutative36.9%
Applied egg-rr36.9%
associate--r-99.4%
associate-*l*99.2%
associate-*l*99.2%
Simplified99.2%
clear-num99.2%
inv-pow99.2%
Applied egg-rr99.2%
unpow-199.2%
associate-/r/99.1%
fma-udef99.1%
associate-*l*99.2%
+-inverses99.2%
+-rgt-identity99.2%
associate-*l*99.1%
*-commutative99.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv99.1%
*-commutative99.1%
distribute-lft-neg-in99.1%
metadata-eval99.1%
associate-*r*99.1%
+-commutative99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.3%
Final simplification99.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ (* -2.0 (/ b c)) (+ (* 1.125 (/ (* c (pow a 2.0)) (pow b 3.0))) (* 1.5 (/ a b))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 1.0 / ((-2.0 * (b / c)) + ((1.125 * ((c * pow(a, 2.0)) / pow(b, 3.0))) + (1.5 * (a / b))));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 1.0d0 / (((-2.0d0) * (b / c)) + ((1.125d0 * ((c * (a ** 2.0d0)) / (b ** 3.0d0))) + (1.5d0 * (a / b))))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 1.0 / ((-2.0 * (b / c)) + ((1.125 * ((c * Math.pow(a, 2.0)) / Math.pow(b, 3.0))) + (1.5 * (a / b))));
}
def code(a, b, c): return 1.0 / ((-2.0 * (b / c)) + ((1.125 * ((c * math.pow(a, 2.0)) / math.pow(b, 3.0))) + (1.5 * (a / b))))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(b / c)) + Float64(Float64(1.125 * Float64(Float64(c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0))) + Float64(1.5 * Float64(a / b))))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 1.0 / ((-2.0 * (b / c)) + ((1.125 * ((c * (a ^ 2.0)) / (b ^ 3.0))) + (1.5 * (a / b)))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(1.125 * N[(N[(c * N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.5 * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{-2 \cdot \frac{b}{c} + \left(1.125 \cdot \frac{c \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{3}} + 1.5 \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 36.1%
expm1-log1p-u36.0%
associate-*l*36.0%
Applied egg-rr36.0%
flip-+36.1%
pow236.1%
expm1-log1p-u36.1%
expm1-log1p-u36.1%
add-sqr-sqrt36.9%
pow236.9%
associate-*r*36.9%
*-commutative36.9%
Applied egg-rr36.9%
associate--r-99.4%
associate-*l*99.2%
associate-*l*99.2%
Simplified99.2%
clear-num99.2%
inv-pow99.2%
Applied egg-rr99.2%
unpow-199.2%
associate-/r/99.1%
fma-udef99.1%
associate-*l*99.2%
+-inverses99.2%
+-rgt-identity99.2%
associate-*l*99.1%
*-commutative99.1%
cancel-sign-sub-inv99.1%
*-commutative99.1%
distribute-lft-neg-in99.1%
metadata-eval99.1%
associate-*r*99.1%
+-commutative99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 92.5%
Final simplification92.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (fma 1.5 (/ a b) (* -2.0 (/ b c)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 1.0 / fma(1.5, (a / b), (-2.0 * (b / c)));
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(1.0 / fma(1.5, Float64(a / b), Float64(-2.0 * Float64(b / c)))) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(1.0 / N[(1.5 * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(1.5, \frac{a}{b}, -2 \cdot \frac{b}{c}\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 36.1%
expm1-log1p-u36.0%
associate-*l*36.0%
Applied egg-rr36.0%
clear-num36.0%
inv-pow36.0%
*-commutative36.0%
neg-mul-136.0%
fma-def36.0%
pow236.0%
expm1-log1p-u36.1%
associate-*r*36.1%
*-commutative36.1%
Applied egg-rr36.1%
unpow-136.1%
*-commutative36.1%
*-lft-identity36.1%
times-frac36.1%
metadata-eval36.1%
fma-udef36.1%
*-commutative36.1%
fma-def36.1%
unpow236.1%
fma-neg36.2%
*-commutative36.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-in36.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-in36.2%
metadata-eval36.2%
Simplified36.2%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 89.0%
+-commutative89.0%
fma-def89.0%
Simplified89.0%
Final simplification89.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ (* -2.0 (/ b c)) (* 1.5 (/ a b)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 1.0 / ((-2.0 * (b / c)) + (1.5 * (a / b)));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 1.0d0 / (((-2.0d0) * (b / c)) + (1.5d0 * (a / b)))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 1.0 / ((-2.0 * (b / c)) + (1.5 * (a / b)));
}
def code(a, b, c): return 1.0 / ((-2.0 * (b / c)) + (1.5 * (a / b)))
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(b / c)) + Float64(1.5 * Float64(a / b)))) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 1.0 / ((-2.0 * (b / c)) + (1.5 * (a / b))); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.5 * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{-2 \cdot \frac{b}{c} + 1.5 \cdot \frac{a}{b}}
\end{array}
Initial program 36.1%
expm1-log1p-u36.0%
associate-*l*36.0%
Applied egg-rr36.0%
clear-num36.0%
inv-pow36.0%
*-commutative36.0%
neg-mul-136.0%
fma-def36.0%
pow236.0%
expm1-log1p-u36.1%
associate-*r*36.1%
*-commutative36.1%
Applied egg-rr36.1%
unpow-136.1%
*-commutative36.1%
*-lft-identity36.1%
times-frac36.1%
metadata-eval36.1%
fma-udef36.1%
*-commutative36.1%
fma-def36.1%
unpow236.1%
fma-neg36.2%
*-commutative36.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-in36.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-in36.2%
metadata-eval36.2%
Simplified36.2%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 89.0%
Final simplification89.0%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (/ -0.5 b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * (-0.5 / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = c * ((-0.5d0) / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return c * (-0.5 / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return c * (-0.5 / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(c * Float64(-0.5 / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = c * (-0.5 / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(-0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
c \cdot \frac{-0.5}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 36.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 77.7%
associate-*r/77.7%
associate-/l*77.5%
Simplified77.5%
associate-/r/77.5%
Applied egg-rr77.5%
Final simplification77.5%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (* c -0.5) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * -0.5) / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c * (-0.5d0)) / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c * -0.5) / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c * -0.5) / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c * -0.5) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c * -0.5) / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c \cdot -0.5}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 36.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 77.7%
associate-*r/77.7%
Simplified77.7%
Final simplification77.7%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 0.0 a))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0 / a;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0 / a
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0 / a;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0 / a
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(0.0 / a) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 / a; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(0.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0}{a}
\end{array}
Initial program 36.1%
expm1-log1p-u36.0%
associate-*l*36.0%
Applied egg-rr36.0%
clear-num36.0%
inv-pow36.0%
*-commutative36.0%
neg-mul-136.0%
fma-def36.0%
pow236.0%
expm1-log1p-u36.1%
associate-*r*36.1%
*-commutative36.1%
Applied egg-rr36.1%
unpow-136.1%
*-commutative36.1%
*-lft-identity36.1%
times-frac36.1%
metadata-eval36.1%
fma-udef36.1%
*-commutative36.1%
fma-def36.1%
unpow236.1%
fma-neg36.2%
*-commutative36.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-in36.2%
distribute-rgt-neg-in36.2%
metadata-eval36.2%
Simplified36.2%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 3.2%
associate-*r/3.2%
distribute-rgt1-in3.2%
metadata-eval3.2%
mul0-lft3.2%
metadata-eval3.2%
Simplified3.2%
Final simplification3.2%
herbie shell --seed 2024021
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Cubic critical, medium range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 a) (< a 9007199254740992.0)) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 b) (< b 9007199254740992.0))) (and (< 1.1102230246251565e-16 c) (< c 9007199254740992.0)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))