
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b): return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b): return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (/ (* 0.5 PI) (* a b)) (+ a b)))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((0.5 * ((double) M_PI)) / (a * b)) / (a + b);
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((0.5 * Math.PI) / (a * b)) / (a + b);
}
def code(a, b): return ((0.5 * math.pi) / (a * b)) / (a + b)
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 * pi) / Float64(a * b)) / Float64(a + b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((0.5 * pi) / (a * b)) / (a + b); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(0.5 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a \cdot b}}{a + b}
\end{array}
Initial program 75.1%
associate-*l*75.0%
associate-*l/75.1%
*-lft-identity75.1%
difference-of-squares87.6%
associate-/l/99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
div-inv99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (/ 0.5 (* a b)))) (if (<= b 4.8e-99) (* t_0 (/ PI a)) (* (/ PI b) t_0))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = 0.5 / (a * b);
double tmp;
if (b <= 4.8e-99) {
tmp = t_0 * (((double) M_PI) / a);
} else {
tmp = (((double) M_PI) / b) * t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = 0.5 / (a * b);
double tmp;
if (b <= 4.8e-99) {
tmp = t_0 * (Math.PI / a);
} else {
tmp = (Math.PI / b) * t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): t_0 = 0.5 / (a * b) tmp = 0 if b <= 4.8e-99: tmp = t_0 * (math.pi / a) else: tmp = (math.pi / b) * t_0 return tmp
function code(a, b) t_0 = Float64(0.5 / Float64(a * b)) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 4.8e-99) tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(pi / a)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(pi / b) * t_0); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) t_0 = 0.5 / (a * b); tmp = 0.0; if (b <= 4.8e-99) tmp = t_0 * (pi / a); else tmp = (pi / b) * t_0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.5 / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 4.8e-99], N[(t$95$0 * N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{0.5}{a \cdot b}\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.8 \cdot 10^{-99}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{b} \cdot t_0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < 4.8000000000000001e-99Initial program 71.8%
associate-*l*71.8%
associate-*l/71.8%
*-lft-identity71.8%
difference-of-squares85.2%
associate-/l/99.7%
sub-neg99.7%
distribute-neg-frac99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
div-inv99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-/l/98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
times-frac99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 72.2%
if 4.8000000000000001e-99 < b Initial program 80.9%
associate-*l*80.8%
associate-*l/80.9%
*-lft-identity80.9%
difference-of-squares91.7%
associate-/l/99.5%
sub-neg99.5%
distribute-neg-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
associate-*r/99.6%
div-inv99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-/l/98.8%
*-commutative98.8%
times-frac99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 84.5%
Final simplification76.6%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= b 4.8e-98) (* (/ PI (* a b)) (/ 0.5 a)) (* (/ PI b) (/ 0.5 (* a b)))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 4.8e-98) {
tmp = (((double) M_PI) / (a * b)) * (0.5 / a);
} else {
tmp = (((double) M_PI) / b) * (0.5 / (a * b));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 4.8e-98) {
tmp = (Math.PI / (a * b)) * (0.5 / a);
} else {
tmp = (Math.PI / b) * (0.5 / (a * b));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): tmp = 0 if b <= 4.8e-98: tmp = (math.pi / (a * b)) * (0.5 / a) else: tmp = (math.pi / b) * (0.5 / (a * b)) return tmp
function code(a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 4.8e-98) tmp = Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(a * b)) * Float64(0.5 / a)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(pi / b) * Float64(0.5 / Float64(a * b))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= 4.8e-98) tmp = (pi / (a * b)) * (0.5 / a); else tmp = (pi / b) * (0.5 / (a * b)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 4.8e-98], N[(N[(Pi / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.8 \cdot 10^{-98}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a \cdot b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < 4.8000000000000001e-98Initial program 71.8%
associate-*l*71.8%
associate-*l/71.8%
*-lft-identity71.8%
difference-of-squares85.2%
associate-/l/99.7%
sub-neg99.7%
distribute-neg-frac99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
div-inv99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-/l/98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
times-frac99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 72.3%
if 4.8000000000000001e-98 < b Initial program 80.9%
associate-*l*80.8%
associate-*l/80.9%
*-lft-identity80.9%
difference-of-squares91.7%
associate-/l/99.5%
sub-neg99.5%
distribute-neg-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
associate-*r/99.6%
div-inv99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-/l/98.8%
*-commutative98.8%
times-frac99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 84.5%
Final simplification76.7%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (/ PI (* a b)))) (if (<= b 5e-98) (* t_0 (/ 0.5 a)) (* t_0 (/ 0.5 b)))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = ((double) M_PI) / (a * b);
double tmp;
if (b <= 5e-98) {
tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / a);
} else {
tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / b);
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = Math.PI / (a * b);
double tmp;
if (b <= 5e-98) {
tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / a);
} else {
tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / b);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): t_0 = math.pi / (a * b) tmp = 0 if b <= 5e-98: tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / a) else: tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / b) return tmp
function code(a, b) t_0 = Float64(pi / Float64(a * b)) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 5e-98) tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(0.5 / a)); else tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(0.5 / b)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) t_0 = pi / (a * b); tmp = 0.0; if (b <= 5e-98) tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / a); else tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / b); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(Pi / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 5e-98], N[(t$95$0 * N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$0 * N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-98}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \frac{0.5}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < 5.00000000000000018e-98Initial program 71.8%
associate-*l*71.8%
associate-*l/71.8%
*-lft-identity71.8%
difference-of-squares85.2%
associate-/l/99.7%
sub-neg99.7%
distribute-neg-frac99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
div-inv99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-/l/98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
times-frac99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 72.3%
if 5.00000000000000018e-98 < b Initial program 80.9%
associate-*l*80.8%
associate-*l/80.9%
*-lft-identity80.9%
difference-of-squares91.7%
associate-/l/99.5%
sub-neg99.5%
distribute-neg-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
associate-*r/99.6%
div-inv99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-/l/98.8%
*-commutative98.8%
*-commutative98.8%
times-frac99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 84.5%
Final simplification76.7%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= b 5e-98) (* (/ PI (* a b)) (/ 0.5 a)) (* (/ (/ PI b) a) (/ 0.5 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 5e-98) {
tmp = (((double) M_PI) / (a * b)) * (0.5 / a);
} else {
tmp = ((((double) M_PI) / b) / a) * (0.5 / b);
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 5e-98) {
tmp = (Math.PI / (a * b)) * (0.5 / a);
} else {
tmp = ((Math.PI / b) / a) * (0.5 / b);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): tmp = 0 if b <= 5e-98: tmp = (math.pi / (a * b)) * (0.5 / a) else: tmp = ((math.pi / b) / a) * (0.5 / b) return tmp
function code(a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 5e-98) tmp = Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(a * b)) * Float64(0.5 / a)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / b) / a) * Float64(0.5 / b)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= 5e-98) tmp = (pi / (a * b)) * (0.5 / a); else tmp = ((pi / b) / a) * (0.5 / b); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 5e-98], N[(N[(Pi / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-98}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < 5.00000000000000018e-98Initial program 71.8%
associate-*l*71.8%
associate-*l/71.8%
*-lft-identity71.8%
difference-of-squares85.2%
associate-/l/99.7%
sub-neg99.7%
distribute-neg-frac99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
div-inv99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-/l/98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
times-frac99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 72.3%
if 5.00000000000000018e-98 < b Initial program 80.9%
associate-*l*80.8%
associate-*l/80.9%
*-lft-identity80.9%
difference-of-squares91.7%
associate-/l/99.5%
sub-neg99.5%
distribute-neg-frac99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Simplified99.5%
associate-*r/99.6%
div-inv99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-/l/98.8%
*-commutative98.8%
associate-*r*98.8%
times-frac99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 84.5%
associate-/l/84.5%
Simplified84.5%
Final simplification76.7%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ PI (* a b)) (/ 0.5 (+ a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return (((double) M_PI) / (a * b)) * (0.5 / (a + b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return (Math.PI / (a * b)) * (0.5 / (a + b));
}
def code(a, b): return (math.pi / (a * b)) * (0.5 / (a + b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(a * b)) * Float64(0.5 / Float64(a + b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = (pi / (a * b)) * (0.5 / (a + b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(Pi / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a + b}
\end{array}
Initial program 75.1%
associate-*l*75.0%
associate-*l/75.1%
*-lft-identity75.1%
difference-of-squares87.6%
associate-/l/99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
div-inv99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-/l/98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
times-frac99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ 0.5 (* a b)) (/ PI a)))
double code(double a, double b) {
return (0.5 / (a * b)) * (((double) M_PI) / a);
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return (0.5 / (a * b)) * (Math.PI / a);
}
def code(a, b): return (0.5 / (a * b)) * (math.pi / a)
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(0.5 / Float64(a * b)) * Float64(pi / a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = (0.5 / (a * b)) * (pi / a); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(0.5 / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.5}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a}
\end{array}
Initial program 75.1%
associate-*l*75.0%
associate-*l/75.1%
*-lft-identity75.1%
difference-of-squares87.6%
associate-/l/99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
distribute-neg-frac99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
div-inv99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
Simplified99.7%
associate-/l/98.9%
*-commutative98.9%
times-frac99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in a around inf 60.6%
Final simplification60.6%
herbie shell --seed 2024020
(FPCore (a b)
:name "NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B"
:precision binary64
(* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))