
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)))
(/
t_0
(* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* t_0 cosTheta) cosTheta))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - 1.0f;
return t_0 / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - single(1.0); tmp = t_0 / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\\
\frac{t_0}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(t_0 \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)))
(/
t_0
(* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* t_0 cosTheta) cosTheta))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - 1.0f;
return t_0 / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - single(1.0); tmp = t_0 / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\\
\frac{t_0}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(t_0 \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (+ (* alpha alpha) -1.0)))
(/
t_0
(* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* cosTheta (* t_0 cosTheta)))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) + -1.0f;
return t_0 / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta))));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) + Float32(-1.0)) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(cosTheta * Float32(t_0 * cosTheta))))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = (alpha * alpha) + single(-1.0); tmp = t_0 / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha + -1\\
\frac{t_0}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + cosTheta \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot cosTheta\right)\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.6%
Final simplification98.6%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ (+ (* alpha alpha) -1.0) (* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (- 1.0 (* cosTheta cosTheta)))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha * alpha) + -1.0f) / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f - (cosTheta * cosTheta)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) + Float32(-1.0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(cosTheta * cosTheta)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = ((alpha * alpha) + single(-1.0)) / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) - (cosTheta * cosTheta))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha + -1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - cosTheta \cdot cosTheta\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.6%
Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 98.0%
mul-1-neg98.0%
Simplified98.0%
Final simplification98.0%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (* (/ (+ alpha -1.0) PI) (* (+ alpha 1.0) (/ 0.5 (log alpha)))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha + -1.0f) / ((float) M_PI)) * ((alpha + 1.0f) * (0.5f / logf(alpha)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(-1.0)) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(1.0)) * Float32(Float32(0.5) / log(alpha)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = ((alpha + single(-1.0)) / single(pi)) * ((alpha + single(1.0)) * (single(0.5) / log(alpha))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha + -1}{\pi} \cdot \left(\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{\log \alpha}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.6%
associate-/r*98.6%
cancel-sign-sub98.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-out98.6%
unsub-neg98.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-out98.6%
associate-/r*98.6%
sqr-neg98.6%
sqr-neg98.6%
fma-neg98.6%
metadata-eval98.6%
associate-*l*98.6%
Simplified98.6%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 96.4%
metadata-eval96.4%
fma-neg96.3%
difference-of-sqr-196.0%
*-un-lft-identity96.0%
fma-neg96.0%
metadata-eval96.0%
fma-def96.0%
*-un-lft-identity96.0%
*-commutative96.0%
*-commutative96.0%
frac-times95.8%
*-commutative95.8%
Applied egg-rr95.8%
*-lft-identity95.8%
associate-*l/95.8%
associate-/r*95.8%
metadata-eval95.8%
Simplified95.8%
Final simplification95.8%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (* (/ (+ alpha 1.0) PI) (/ (+ alpha -1.0) (* (log alpha) 2.0))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha + 1.0f) / ((float) M_PI)) * ((alpha + -1.0f) / (logf(alpha) * 2.0f));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(1.0)) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(-1.0)) / Float32(log(alpha) * Float32(2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = ((alpha + single(1.0)) / single(pi)) * ((alpha + single(-1.0)) / (log(alpha) * single(2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha + 1}{\pi} \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\log \alpha \cdot 2}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.6%
Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 98.0%
mul-1-neg98.0%
Simplified98.0%
difference-of-sqr-197.5%
*-un-lft-identity97.5%
fma-neg97.5%
metadata-eval97.5%
fma-def97.5%
*-un-lft-identity97.5%
Applied egg-rr97.5%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 96.0%
times-frac95.8%
+-commutative95.8%
sub-neg95.8%
metadata-eval95.8%
log-pow95.8%
Simplified95.8%
Final simplification95.8%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (* (/ (+ alpha 1.0) (* (log alpha) 2.0)) (/ (+ alpha -1.0) PI)))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha + 1.0f) / (logf(alpha) * 2.0f)) * ((alpha + -1.0f) / ((float) M_PI));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(1.0)) / Float32(log(alpha) * Float32(2.0))) * Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(-1.0)) / Float32(pi))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = ((alpha + single(1.0)) / (log(alpha) * single(2.0))) * ((alpha + single(-1.0)) / single(pi)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha + 1}{\log \alpha \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.6%
associate-/r*98.6%
cancel-sign-sub98.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-out98.6%
unsub-neg98.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-out98.6%
associate-/r*98.6%
sqr-neg98.6%
sqr-neg98.6%
fma-neg98.6%
metadata-eval98.6%
associate-*l*98.6%
Simplified98.6%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 96.4%
metadata-eval96.4%
fma-neg96.3%
difference-of-sqr-196.0%
*-un-lft-identity96.0%
fma-neg96.0%
metadata-eval96.0%
fma-def96.0%
*-un-lft-identity96.0%
*-commutative96.0%
*-commutative96.0%
frac-times95.8%
*-commutative95.8%
Applied egg-rr95.8%
Final simplification95.8%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (* 0.5 (* (+ alpha 1.0) (/ (+ alpha -1.0) (* PI (log alpha))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return 0.5f * ((alpha + 1.0f) * ((alpha + -1.0f) / (((float) M_PI) * logf(alpha))));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(1.0)) * Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(-1.0)) / Float32(Float32(pi) * log(alpha))))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = single(0.5) * ((alpha + single(1.0)) * ((alpha + single(-1.0)) / (single(pi) * log(alpha)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.5 \cdot \left(\left(\alpha + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.6%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 96.4%
associate-/r*96.3%
unpow296.3%
fma-neg96.2%
metadata-eval96.2%
*-lft-identity96.2%
log-pow96.2%
times-frac96.2%
metadata-eval96.2%
Simplified96.2%
metadata-eval96.2%
fma-neg96.1%
associate-/l/96.3%
difference-of-sqr-196.0%
add-exp-log96.0%
expm1-udef96.0%
*-commutative96.0%
*-un-lft-identity96.0%
times-frac95.9%
expm1-udef95.9%
add-exp-log95.9%
Applied egg-rr95.9%
Final simplification95.9%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (* (/ -0.5 PI) (/ 1.0 (log alpha))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return (-0.5f / ((float) M_PI)) * (1.0f / logf(alpha));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.5) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / log(alpha))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = (single(-0.5) / single(pi)) * (single(1.0) / log(alpha)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-0.5}{\pi} \cdot \frac{1}{\log \alpha}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.6%
associate-/r*98.6%
cancel-sign-sub98.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-out98.6%
unsub-neg98.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-out98.6%
associate-/r*98.6%
sqr-neg98.6%
sqr-neg98.6%
fma-neg98.6%
metadata-eval98.6%
associate-*l*98.6%
Simplified98.6%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 96.4%
Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 67.4%
associate-/r*67.4%
Simplified67.4%
div-inv67.5%
Applied egg-rr67.5%
Final simplification67.5%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ -0.5 (* PI (log alpha))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return -0.5f / (((float) M_PI) * logf(alpha));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(-0.5) / Float32(Float32(pi) * log(alpha))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = single(-0.5) / (single(pi) * log(alpha)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-0.5}{\pi \cdot \log \alpha}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.6%
associate-/r*98.6%
cancel-sign-sub98.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-out98.6%
unsub-neg98.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-out98.6%
associate-/r*98.6%
sqr-neg98.6%
sqr-neg98.6%
fma-neg98.6%
metadata-eval98.6%
associate-*l*98.6%
Simplified98.6%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 96.4%
Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 67.4%
Final simplification67.4%
herbie shell --seed 2024020
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:name "GTR1 distribution"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 cosTheta) (<= cosTheta 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0001 alpha) (<= alpha 1.0)))
(/ (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) (* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) cosTheta) cosTheta)))))