
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 11 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 0.125 (* s PI))))
(fma
t_0
(/
(*
(pow (cbrt (exp -1.3333333333333333)) (/ (* r 0.5) s))
(pow (exp 0.5) (/ r (/ s (log (cbrt (exp -0.6666666666666666)))))))
r)
(* t_0 (/ (exp (/ (- r) s)) r)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
float t_0 = 0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI));
return fmaf(t_0, ((powf(cbrtf(expf(-1.3333333333333333f)), ((r * 0.5f) / s)) * powf(expf(0.5f), (r / (s / logf(cbrtf(expf(-0.6666666666666666f))))))) / r), (t_0 * (expf((-r / s)) / r)));
}
function code(s, r) t_0 = Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) return fma(t_0, Float32(Float32((cbrt(exp(Float32(-1.3333333333333333))) ^ Float32(Float32(r * Float32(0.5)) / s)) * (exp(Float32(0.5)) ^ Float32(r / Float32(s / log(cbrt(exp(Float32(-0.6666666666666666)))))))) / r), Float32(t_0 * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) / r))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi}\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(t_0, \frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{e^{-1.3333333333333333}}\right)}^{\left(\frac{r \cdot 0.5}{s}\right)} \cdot {\left(e^{0.5}\right)}^{\left(\frac{r}{\frac{s}{\log \left(\sqrt[3]{e^{-0.6666666666666666}}\right)}}\right)}}{r}, t_0 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.5%
pow-exp99.3%
sqr-pow99.3%
pow-prod-down99.3%
prod-exp99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-/l/99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
add-cube-cbrt99.3%
unpow-prod-down99.3%
cbrt-unprod99.6%
prod-exp99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
div-inv99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
div-inv99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-*l/99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.6%
exp-prod99.6%
associate-/l*99.6%
unpow1/399.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 0.125 (* s PI))))
(fma
t_0
(/
(*
(pow (cbrt (exp -1.3333333333333333)) (/ (* r 0.5) s))
(exp (* (/ r s) -0.1111111111111111)))
r)
(* t_0 (/ (exp (/ (- r) s)) r)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
float t_0 = 0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI));
return fmaf(t_0, ((powf(cbrtf(expf(-1.3333333333333333f)), ((r * 0.5f) / s)) * expf(((r / s) * -0.1111111111111111f))) / r), (t_0 * (expf((-r / s)) / r)));
}
function code(s, r) t_0 = Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) return fma(t_0, Float32(Float32((cbrt(exp(Float32(-1.3333333333333333))) ^ Float32(Float32(r * Float32(0.5)) / s)) * exp(Float32(Float32(r / s) * Float32(-0.1111111111111111)))) / r), Float32(t_0 * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) / r))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi}\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(t_0, \frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{e^{-1.3333333333333333}}\right)}^{\left(\frac{r \cdot 0.5}{s}\right)} \cdot e^{\frac{r}{s} \cdot -0.1111111111111111}}{r}, t_0 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.5%
pow-exp99.3%
sqr-pow99.3%
pow-prod-down99.3%
prod-exp99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-/l/99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
add-cube-cbrt99.3%
unpow-prod-down99.3%
cbrt-unprod99.6%
prod-exp99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
div-inv99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
div-inv99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-*l/99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.6%
log-pow99.6%
rem-log-exp99.7%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-*l/99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 0.125 (* s PI))))
(fma
t_0
(/ (pow (exp -0.6666666666666666) (/ r (* s 2.0))) r)
(* t_0 (/ (exp (/ (- r) s)) r)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
float t_0 = 0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI));
return fmaf(t_0, (powf(expf(-0.6666666666666666f), (r / (s * 2.0f))) / r), (t_0 * (expf((-r / s)) / r)));
}
function code(s, r) t_0 = Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) return fma(t_0, Float32((exp(Float32(-0.6666666666666666)) ^ Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(2.0)))) / r), Float32(t_0 * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) / r))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi}\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(t_0, \frac{{\left(e^{-0.6666666666666666}\right)}^{\left(\frac{r}{s \cdot 2}\right)}}{r}, t_0 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.5%
pow-exp99.3%
sqr-pow99.3%
pow-prod-down99.3%
prod-exp99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-/l/99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (* 0.125 (/ (/ 1.0 PI) s)) (+ (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r) (/ (exp (/ r (/ s -0.3333333333333333))) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f * ((1.0f / ((float) M_PI)) / s)) * ((expf((r / -s)) / r) + (expf((r / (s / -0.3333333333333333f))) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(pi)) / s)) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r) + Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(s / Float32(-0.3333333333333333)))) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) * ((single(1.0) / single(pi)) / s)) * ((exp((r / -s)) / r) + (exp((r / (s / single(-0.3333333333333333)))) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(0.125 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{s}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r} + \frac{e^{\frac{r}{\frac{s}{-0.3333333333333333}}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
associate-/r/99.5%
Simplified99.5%
clear-num9.5%
associate-/r/9.5%
*-commutative9.5%
associate-/r*9.5%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (+ (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r) (/ (exp (/ r (/ s -0.3333333333333333))) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((r / -s)) / r) + (expf((r / (s / -0.3333333333333333f))) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r) + Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(s / Float32(-0.3333333333333333)))) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * ((exp((r / -s)) / r) + (exp((r / (s / single(-0.3333333333333333)))) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r} + \frac{e^{\frac{r}{\frac{s}{-0.3333333333333333}}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
associate-/r/99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* s (log1p (expm1 (* PI r))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (s * log1pf(expm1f((((float) M_PI) * r))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(s * log1p(expm1(Float32(Float32(pi) * r))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot r\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 9.5%
clear-num9.5%
associate-/r/9.5%
*-commutative9.5%
associate-/r*9.5%
Applied egg-rr9.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 9.0%
associate-*r*9.0%
*-commutative9.0%
associate-*l*9.0%
Simplified9.0%
Applied egg-rr44.6%
Final simplification44.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (+ (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r) (/ (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (* (/ r s) 0.3333333333333333))) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((r / -s)) / r) + ((1.0f / (1.0f + ((r / s) * 0.3333333333333333f))) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(r / s) * Float32(0.3333333333333333)))) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * ((exp((r / -s)) / r) + ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + ((r / s) * single(0.3333333333333333)))) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r} + \frac{\frac{1}{1 + \frac{r}{s} \cdot 0.3333333333333333}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
pow-to-exp99.3%
rem-log-exp99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
times-frac99.5%
neg-mul-199.5%
*-commutative99.5%
distribute-frac-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
exp-neg99.5%
add-sqr-sqrt99.5%
sqrt-unprod99.5%
sqr-neg99.5%
sqrt-unprod-0.0%
add-sqr-sqrt7.8%
associate-/l/7.8%
exp-cbrt7.8%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
Applied egg-rr98.6%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 15.1%
*-commutative15.1%
Simplified15.1%
Final simplification15.1%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (+ (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r) (/ (+ 1.0 (/ (* r -0.3333333333333333) s)) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((r / -s)) / r) + ((1.0f + ((r * -0.3333333333333333f) / s)) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(r * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)) / s)) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * ((exp((r / -s)) / r) + ((single(1.0) + ((r * single(-0.3333333333333333)) / s)) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r} + \frac{1 + \frac{r \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{s}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 9.9%
associate-*r/9.9%
Simplified9.9%
Final simplification9.9%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (* 0.125 (/ (/ 1.0 PI) s)) (/ (+ (exp (/ (- r) s)) 1.0) r)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f * ((1.0f / ((float) M_PI)) / s)) * ((expf((-r / s)) + 1.0f) / r);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(pi)) / s)) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) + Float32(1.0)) / r)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) * ((single(1.0) / single(pi)) / s)) * ((exp((-r / s)) + single(1.0)) / r); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(0.125 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{s}\right) \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} + 1}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 9.5%
clear-num9.5%
associate-/r/9.5%
*-commutative9.5%
associate-/r*9.5%
Applied egg-rr9.5%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 9.5%
associate-*r/9.5%
neg-mul-19.5%
Simplified9.5%
Final simplification9.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s r)) (/ (+ (exp (/ (- r) s)) 1.0) PI)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * r)) * ((expf((-r / s)) + 1.0f) / ((float) M_PI));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * r)) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) + Float32(1.0)) / Float32(pi))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * r)) * ((exp((-r / s)) + single(1.0)) / single(pi)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot r} \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} + 1}{\pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 9.5%
clear-num9.5%
associate-/r/9.5%
*-commutative9.5%
associate-/r*9.5%
Applied egg-rr9.5%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 9.5%
associate-*r/9.5%
associate-*r*9.5%
times-frac9.5%
associate-*r/9.5%
neg-mul-19.5%
Simplified9.5%
Final simplification9.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* s PI) r)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * r);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * r)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / ((s * single(pi)) * r); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Simplified99.3%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 9.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 9.0%
Final simplification9.0%
herbie shell --seed 2024019
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))