Numeric.SpecFunctions:logGammaL from math-functions-0.1.5.2

Percentage Accurate: 99.6% → 99.6%
Time: 19.8s
Alternatives: 16
Speedup: N/A×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 16 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (+ (log (+ x y)) (- (log z) t)) (* (+ a -0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return (log((x + y)) + (log(z) - t)) + ((a + -0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = (log((x + y)) + (log(z) - t)) + ((a + (-0.5d0)) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return (Math.log((x + y)) + (Math.log(z) - t)) + ((a + -0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return (math.log((x + y)) + (math.log(z) - t)) + ((a + -0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + Float64(log(z) - t)) + Float64(Float64(a + -0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = (log((x + y)) + (log(z) - t)) + ((a + -0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
    3. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 63.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\log z \leq 300:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (log z) 300.0)
   (- (+ (log (* y z)) (* (log t) (- a 0.5))) t)
   (- (* a (log t)) t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (log(z) <= 300.0) {
		tmp = (log((y * z)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5))) - t;
	} else {
		tmp = (a * log(t)) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (log(z) <= 300.0d0) then
        tmp = (log((y * z)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5d0))) - t
    else
        tmp = (a * log(t)) - t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (Math.log(z) <= 300.0) {
		tmp = (Math.log((y * z)) + (Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5))) - t;
	} else {
		tmp = (a * Math.log(t)) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if math.log(z) <= 300.0:
		tmp = (math.log((y * z)) + (math.log(t) * (a - 0.5))) - t
	else:
		tmp = (a * math.log(t)) - t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (log(z) <= 300.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(Float64(y * z)) + Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5))) - t);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(a * log(t)) - t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (log(z) <= 300.0)
		tmp = (log((y * z)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5))) - t;
	else
		tmp = (a * log(t)) - t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision], 300.0], N[(N[(N[Log[N[(y * z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\log z \leq 300:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right) - t\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (log.f64 z) < 300

    1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+r-99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)} \]
      2. fma-udef99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right) + t\right)} \]
      3. associate--r+99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right) - t} \]
      4. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right) - t \]
      5. sum-log89.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right) - t \]
    6. Applied egg-rr89.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right) - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right) - t} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in x around 0 51.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot z\right)} - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right) - t \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative51.8%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot y\right)} - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right) - t \]
    9. Simplified51.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot y\right)} - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right) - t \]

    if 300 < (log.f64 z)

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. sub-neg99.8%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
      3. metadata-eval99.8%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
    3. Simplified99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-exp-log46.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)}} \]
      2. metadata-eval46.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\left(a + \color{blue}{\left(-0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg46.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right)} \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. *-commutative46.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)}} \]
      5. sub-neg46.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}\right)} \]
      6. metadata-eval46.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr46.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + -0.5\right)\right)}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in x around 0 69.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around inf 77.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} - t \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative77.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
    10. Simplified77.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification58.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\log z \leq 300:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 86.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 0.43:\\ \;\;\;\;\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \log y\right) + \left(a \cdot \log t - t\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t 0.43)
   (+ (log z) (+ (log (+ x y)) (* (log t) (- a 0.5))))
   (+ (+ (log z) (log y)) (- (* a (log t)) t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 0.43) {
		tmp = log(z) + (log((x + y)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5)));
	} else {
		tmp = (log(z) + log(y)) + ((a * log(t)) - t);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t <= 0.43d0) then
        tmp = log(z) + (log((x + y)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5d0)))
    else
        tmp = (log(z) + log(y)) + ((a * log(t)) - t)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 0.43) {
		tmp = Math.log(z) + (Math.log((x + y)) + (Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)));
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.log(z) + Math.log(y)) + ((a * Math.log(t)) - t);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if t <= 0.43:
		tmp = math.log(z) + (math.log((x + y)) + (math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)))
	else:
		tmp = (math.log(z) + math.log(y)) + ((a * math.log(t)) - t)
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t <= 0.43)
		tmp = Float64(log(z) + Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) + log(y)) + Float64(Float64(a * log(t)) - t));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t <= 0.43)
		tmp = log(z) + (log((x + y)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5)));
	else
		tmp = (log(z) + log(y)) + ((a * log(t)) - t);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 0.43], N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t \leq 0.43:\\
\;\;\;\;\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \log y\right) + \left(a \cdot \log t - t\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if t < 0.429999999999999993

    1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. sub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
      3. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
    3. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in t around 0 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} \]

    if 0.429999999999999993 < t

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 69.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in a around inf 69.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(a \cdot \log t\right)}\right) \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg69.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \color{blue}{\left(-a \cdot \log t\right)}\right) \]
      2. *-commutative69.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot a}\right)\right) \]
      3. distribute-rgt-neg-in69.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-a\right)}\right) \]
    8. Simplified69.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-a\right)}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification83.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 0.43:\\ \;\;\;\;\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \log y\right) + \left(a \cdot \log t - t\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 80.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 520:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y + \left(\log z - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t 520.0)
   (+ (log y) (- (log z) (* (log t) (- 0.5 a))))
   (- (* a (log t)) t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 520.0) {
		tmp = log(y) + (log(z) - (log(t) * (0.5 - a)));
	} else {
		tmp = (a * log(t)) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t <= 520.0d0) then
        tmp = log(y) + (log(z) - (log(t) * (0.5d0 - a)))
    else
        tmp = (a * log(t)) - t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 520.0) {
		tmp = Math.log(y) + (Math.log(z) - (Math.log(t) * (0.5 - a)));
	} else {
		tmp = (a * Math.log(t)) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if t <= 520.0:
		tmp = math.log(y) + (math.log(z) - (math.log(t) * (0.5 - a)))
	else:
		tmp = (a * math.log(t)) - t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t <= 520.0)
		tmp = Float64(log(y) + Float64(log(z) - Float64(log(t) * Float64(0.5 - a))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(a * log(t)) - t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t <= 520.0)
		tmp = log(y) + (log(z) - (log(t) * (0.5 - a)));
	else
		tmp = (a * log(t)) - t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 520.0], N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t \leq 520:\\
\;\;\;\;\log y + \left(\log z - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if t < 520

    1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. sub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
      3. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
    3. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-exp-log70.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)}} \]
      2. metadata-eval70.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\left(a + \color{blue}{\left(-0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg70.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right)} \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. *-commutative70.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)}} \]
      5. sub-neg70.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}\right)} \]
      6. metadata-eval70.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr70.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + -0.5\right)\right)}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in x around 0 60.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in t around 0 60.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} \]

    if 520 < t

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
      3. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-exp-log24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)}} \]
      2. metadata-eval24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\left(a + \color{blue}{\left(-0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right)} \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. *-commutative24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)}} \]
      5. sub-neg24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}\right)} \]
      6. metadata-eval24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr24.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + -0.5\right)\right)}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in x around 0 69.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around inf 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} - t \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
    10. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification80.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 520:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y + \left(\log z - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 80.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 200:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \log y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t 200.0)
   (+ (+ (log z) (log y)) (* (log t) (- a 0.5)))
   (- (* a (log t)) t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 200.0) {
		tmp = (log(z) + log(y)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = (a * log(t)) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t <= 200.0d0) then
        tmp = (log(z) + log(y)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5d0))
    else
        tmp = (a * log(t)) - t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 200.0) {
		tmp = (Math.log(z) + Math.log(y)) + (Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = (a * Math.log(t)) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if t <= 200.0:
		tmp = (math.log(z) + math.log(y)) + (math.log(t) * (a - 0.5))
	else:
		tmp = (a * math.log(t)) - t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t <= 200.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) + log(y)) + Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(a * log(t)) - t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t <= 200.0)
		tmp = (log(z) + log(y)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	else
		tmp = (a * log(t)) - t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 200.0], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t \leq 200:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \log y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if t < 200

    1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 60.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in t around 0 60.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)} \]

    if 200 < t

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
      3. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-exp-log24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)}} \]
      2. metadata-eval24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\left(a + \color{blue}{\left(-0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right)} \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. *-commutative24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)}} \]
      5. sub-neg24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}\right)} \]
      6. metadata-eval24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr24.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + -0.5\right)\right)}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in x around 0 69.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around inf 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} - t \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
    10. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification80.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 200:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \log y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 68.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log z + \log y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 0.43:\\ \;\;\;\;t_1 + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_1 + \left(a \cdot \log t - t\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (+ (log z) (log y))))
   (if (<= t 0.43) (+ t_1 (* (log t) (- a 0.5))) (+ t_1 (- (* a (log t)) t)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = log(z) + log(y);
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 0.43) {
		tmp = t_1 + (log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = t_1 + ((a * log(t)) - t);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_1 = log(z) + log(y)
    if (t <= 0.43d0) then
        tmp = t_1 + (log(t) * (a - 0.5d0))
    else
        tmp = t_1 + ((a * log(t)) - t)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = Math.log(z) + Math.log(y);
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 0.43) {
		tmp = t_1 + (Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = t_1 + ((a * Math.log(t)) - t);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	t_1 = math.log(z) + math.log(y)
	tmp = 0
	if t <= 0.43:
		tmp = t_1 + (math.log(t) * (a - 0.5))
	else:
		tmp = t_1 + ((a * math.log(t)) - t)
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = Float64(log(z) + log(y))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t <= 0.43)
		tmp = Float64(t_1 + Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(t_1 + Float64(Float64(a * log(t)) - t));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = log(z) + log(y);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t <= 0.43)
		tmp = t_1 + (log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	else
		tmp = t_1 + ((a * log(t)) - t);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t, 0.43], N[(t$95$1 + N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$1 + N[(N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \log z + \log y\\
\mathbf{if}\;t \leq 0.43:\\
\;\;\;\;t_1 + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_1 + \left(a \cdot \log t - t\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if t < 0.429999999999999993

    1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 60.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in t around 0 60.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)} \]

    if 0.429999999999999993 < t

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 69.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in a around inf 69.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(a \cdot \log t\right)}\right) \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg69.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \color{blue}{\left(-a \cdot \log t\right)}\right) \]
      2. *-commutative69.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot a}\right)\right) \]
      3. distribute-rgt-neg-in69.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-a\right)}\right) \]
    8. Simplified69.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-a\right)}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification65.0%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 0.43:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \log y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \log y\right) + \left(a \cdot \log t - t\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 69.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\log z + \log y\right) + \left(\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right) - t\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (+ (log z) (log y)) (- (* (log t) (- a 0.5)) t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return (log(z) + log(y)) + ((log(t) * (a - 0.5)) - t);
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = (log(z) + log(y)) + ((log(t) * (a - 0.5d0)) - t)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return (Math.log(z) + Math.log(y)) + ((Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)) - t);
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return (math.log(z) + math.log(y)) + ((math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)) - t)
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(log(z) + log(y)) + Float64(Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5)) - t))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = (log(z) + log(y)) + ((log(t) * (a - 0.5)) - t);
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\log z + \log y\right) + \left(\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right) - t\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+l-99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
    2. associate--l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
    3. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
    4. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
    5. *-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
    6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
    7. fma-udef99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
    8. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
    9. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
    10. distribute-neg-in99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
    11. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
    12. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
    13. unsub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 65.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
  6. Final simplification65.2%

    \[\leadsto \left(\log z + \log y\right) + \left(\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right) - t\right) \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 73.4% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := a \cdot \log t\\ t_2 := \log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-116}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y + t_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 0.65:\\ \;\;\;\;t_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_1 - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* a (log t))) (t_2 (+ (log (* y z)) (* (log t) (- a 0.5)))))
   (if (<= t 3e-116)
     t_2
     (if (<= t 1.55e-38) (+ (log y) t_1) (if (<= t 0.65) t_2 (- t_1 t))))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = a * log(t);
	double t_2 = log((y * z)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 3e-116) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (t <= 1.55e-38) {
		tmp = log(y) + t_1;
	} else if (t <= 0.65) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else {
		tmp = t_1 - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_1 = a * log(t)
    t_2 = log((y * z)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5d0))
    if (t <= 3d-116) then
        tmp = t_2
    else if (t <= 1.55d-38) then
        tmp = log(y) + t_1
    else if (t <= 0.65d0) then
        tmp = t_2
    else
        tmp = t_1 - t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = a * Math.log(t);
	double t_2 = Math.log((y * z)) + (Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 3e-116) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (t <= 1.55e-38) {
		tmp = Math.log(y) + t_1;
	} else if (t <= 0.65) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else {
		tmp = t_1 - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	t_1 = a * math.log(t)
	t_2 = math.log((y * z)) + (math.log(t) * (a - 0.5))
	tmp = 0
	if t <= 3e-116:
		tmp = t_2
	elif t <= 1.55e-38:
		tmp = math.log(y) + t_1
	elif t <= 0.65:
		tmp = t_2
	else:
		tmp = t_1 - t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = Float64(a * log(t))
	t_2 = Float64(log(Float64(y * z)) + Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t <= 3e-116)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (t <= 1.55e-38)
		tmp = Float64(log(y) + t_1);
	elseif (t <= 0.65)
		tmp = t_2;
	else
		tmp = Float64(t_1 - t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = a * log(t);
	t_2 = log((y * z)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t <= 3e-116)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (t <= 1.55e-38)
		tmp = log(y) + t_1;
	elseif (t <= 0.65)
		tmp = t_2;
	else
		tmp = t_1 - t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Log[N[(y * z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t, 3e-116], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t, 1.55e-38], N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t, 0.65], t$95$2, N[(t$95$1 - t), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := a \cdot \log t\\
t_2 := \log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;t \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-116}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_2\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log y + t_1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 0.65:\\
\;\;\;\;t_2\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_1 - t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if t < 3.00000000000000026e-116 or 1.54999999999999991e-38 < t < 0.650000000000000022

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 60.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in t around 0 60.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. log-prod41.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(y \cdot z\right)} - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right) \]
      2. *-commutative41.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot y\right)} - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right) \]
    8. Simplified41.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot y\right) - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)} \]

    if 3.00000000000000026e-116 < t < 1.54999999999999991e-38

    1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf 76.3%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative76.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    7. Simplified76.3%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in x around 0 53.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + a \cdot \log t} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative53.2%

        \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    10. Simplified53.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \log t \cdot a} \]

    if 0.650000000000000022 < t

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
      3. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-exp-log24.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)}} \]
      2. metadata-eval24.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\left(a + \color{blue}{\left(-0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg24.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right)} \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. *-commutative24.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)}} \]
      5. sub-neg24.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}\right)} \]
      6. metadata-eval24.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr24.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + -0.5\right)\right)}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in x around 0 69.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around inf 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} - t \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
    10. Simplified98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification72.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-116}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 0.65:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 81.1% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ t_2 := a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{-119}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right) + t_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 2.05 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y + t_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 0.0048:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(y \cdot z\right) + t_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_2 - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* (log t) (- a 0.5))) (t_2 (* a (log t))))
   (if (<= t 3.2e-119)
     (+ (log (* z (+ x y))) t_1)
     (if (<= t 2.05e-38)
       (+ (log y) t_2)
       (if (<= t 0.0048) (+ (log (* y z)) t_1) (- t_2 t))))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = log(t) * (a - 0.5);
	double t_2 = a * log(t);
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 3.2e-119) {
		tmp = log((z * (x + y))) + t_1;
	} else if (t <= 2.05e-38) {
		tmp = log(y) + t_2;
	} else if (t <= 0.0048) {
		tmp = log((y * z)) + t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = t_2 - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_1 = log(t) * (a - 0.5d0)
    t_2 = a * log(t)
    if (t <= 3.2d-119) then
        tmp = log((z * (x + y))) + t_1
    else if (t <= 2.05d-38) then
        tmp = log(y) + t_2
    else if (t <= 0.0048d0) then
        tmp = log((y * z)) + t_1
    else
        tmp = t_2 - t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5);
	double t_2 = a * Math.log(t);
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 3.2e-119) {
		tmp = Math.log((z * (x + y))) + t_1;
	} else if (t <= 2.05e-38) {
		tmp = Math.log(y) + t_2;
	} else if (t <= 0.0048) {
		tmp = Math.log((y * z)) + t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = t_2 - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	t_1 = math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)
	t_2 = a * math.log(t)
	tmp = 0
	if t <= 3.2e-119:
		tmp = math.log((z * (x + y))) + t_1
	elif t <= 2.05e-38:
		tmp = math.log(y) + t_2
	elif t <= 0.0048:
		tmp = math.log((y * z)) + t_1
	else:
		tmp = t_2 - t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5))
	t_2 = Float64(a * log(t))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t <= 3.2e-119)
		tmp = Float64(log(Float64(z * Float64(x + y))) + t_1);
	elseif (t <= 2.05e-38)
		tmp = Float64(log(y) + t_2);
	elseif (t <= 0.0048)
		tmp = Float64(log(Float64(y * z)) + t_1);
	else
		tmp = Float64(t_2 - t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = log(t) * (a - 0.5);
	t_2 = a * log(t);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t <= 3.2e-119)
		tmp = log((z * (x + y))) + t_1;
	elseif (t <= 2.05e-38)
		tmp = log(y) + t_2;
	elseif (t <= 0.0048)
		tmp = log((y * z)) + t_1;
	else
		tmp = t_2 - t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t, 3.2e-119], N[(N[Log[N[(z * N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t, 2.05e-38], N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t, 0.0048], N[(N[Log[N[(y * z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$2 - t), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\
t_2 := a \cdot \log t\\
\mathbf{if}\;t \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{-119}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right) + t_1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 2.05 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log y + t_2\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 0.0048:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(y \cdot z\right) + t_1\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_2 - t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 4 regimes
  2. if t < 3.19999999999999993e-119

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in t around 0 99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. log-prod75.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right) \]
      2. +-commutative75.8%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right) \]
    7. Simplified75.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)} \]

    if 3.19999999999999993e-119 < t < 2.0499999999999999e-38

    1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf 76.3%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative76.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    7. Simplified76.3%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in x around 0 53.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + a \cdot \log t} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative53.2%

        \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    10. Simplified53.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \log t \cdot a} \]

    if 2.0499999999999999e-38 < t < 0.00479999999999999958

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 38.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in t around 0 38.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. log-prod31.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(y \cdot z\right)} - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right) \]
      2. *-commutative31.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot y\right)} - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right) \]
    8. Simplified31.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot y\right) - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)} \]

    if 0.00479999999999999958 < t

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
      3. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-exp-log24.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)}} \]
      2. metadata-eval24.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\left(a + \color{blue}{\left(-0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg24.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right)} \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. *-commutative24.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)}} \]
      5. sub-neg24.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}\right)} \]
      6. metadata-eval24.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr24.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + -0.5\right)\right)}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in x around 0 69.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around inf 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} - t \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
    10. Simplified98.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
  3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification83.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{-119}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 2.05 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 0.0048:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 70.8% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 200:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y + t_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_1 - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* a (log t)))) (if (<= t 200.0) (+ (log y) t_1) (- t_1 t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = a * log(t);
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 200.0) {
		tmp = log(y) + t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = t_1 - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_1 = a * log(t)
    if (t <= 200.0d0) then
        tmp = log(y) + t_1
    else
        tmp = t_1 - t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = a * Math.log(t);
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 200.0) {
		tmp = Math.log(y) + t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = t_1 - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	t_1 = a * math.log(t)
	tmp = 0
	if t <= 200.0:
		tmp = math.log(y) + t_1
	else:
		tmp = t_1 - t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = Float64(a * log(t))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t <= 200.0)
		tmp = Float64(log(y) + t_1);
	else
		tmp = Float64(t_1 - t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = a * log(t);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t <= 200.0)
		tmp = log(y) + t_1;
	else
		tmp = t_1 - t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t, 200.0], N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$1 - t), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := a \cdot \log t\\
\mathbf{if}\;t \leq 200:\\
\;\;\;\;\log y + t_1\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_1 - t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if t < 200

    1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf 57.5%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative57.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    7. Simplified57.5%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in x around 0 39.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + a \cdot \log t} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative39.8%

        \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    10. Simplified39.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \log t \cdot a} \]

    if 200 < t

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
      3. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-exp-log24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)}} \]
      2. metadata-eval24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\left(a + \color{blue}{\left(-0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right)} \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. *-commutative24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)}} \]
      5. sub-neg24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}\right)} \]
      6. metadata-eval24.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr24.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + -0.5\right)\right)}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in x around 0 69.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around inf 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} - t \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
    10. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification70.6%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 200:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 62.9% accurate, 2.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -11.8 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{+16}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= a -11.8) (not (<= a 1.35e+16))) (* a (log t)) (- t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -11.8) || !(a <= 1.35e+16)) {
		tmp = a * log(t);
	} else {
		tmp = -t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((a <= (-11.8d0)) .or. (.not. (a <= 1.35d+16))) then
        tmp = a * log(t)
    else
        tmp = -t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -11.8) || !(a <= 1.35e+16)) {
		tmp = a * Math.log(t);
	} else {
		tmp = -t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if (a <= -11.8) or not (a <= 1.35e+16):
		tmp = a * math.log(t)
	else:
		tmp = -t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((a <= -11.8) || !(a <= 1.35e+16))
		tmp = Float64(a * log(t));
	else
		tmp = Float64(-t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((a <= -11.8) || ~((a <= 1.35e+16)))
		tmp = a * log(t);
	else
		tmp = -t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[a, -11.8], N[Not[LessEqual[a, 1.35e+16]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-t)]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -11.8 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{+16}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -11.800000000000001 or 1.35e16 < a

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.8%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.8%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.8%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.8%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.8%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.8%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.8%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 71.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in a around inf 77.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative77.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    8. Simplified77.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

    if -11.800000000000001 < a < 1.35e16

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 58.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in t around inf 52.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-152.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
    8. Simplified52.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification65.3%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -11.8 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{+16}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 57.0% accurate, 2.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -8.5 \cdot 10^{+70} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.8 \cdot 10^{+15}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= a -8.5e+70) (not (<= a 1.8e+15))) (* a (log t)) (- (log y) t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -8.5e+70) || !(a <= 1.8e+15)) {
		tmp = a * log(t);
	} else {
		tmp = log(y) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((a <= (-8.5d+70)) .or. (.not. (a <= 1.8d+15))) then
        tmp = a * log(t)
    else
        tmp = log(y) - t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -8.5e+70) || !(a <= 1.8e+15)) {
		tmp = a * Math.log(t);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.log(y) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if (a <= -8.5e+70) or not (a <= 1.8e+15):
		tmp = a * math.log(t)
	else:
		tmp = math.log(y) - t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((a <= -8.5e+70) || !(a <= 1.8e+15))
		tmp = Float64(a * log(t));
	else
		tmp = Float64(log(y) - t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((a <= -8.5e+70) || ~((a <= 1.8e+15)))
		tmp = a * log(t);
	else
		tmp = log(y) - t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[a, -8.5e+70], N[Not[LessEqual[a, 1.8e+15]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -8.5 \cdot 10^{+70} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.8 \cdot 10^{+15}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log y - t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -8.4999999999999996e70 or 1.8e15 < a

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 70.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in a around inf 82.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative82.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    8. Simplified82.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

    if -8.4999999999999996e70 < a < 1.8e15

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in t around inf 57.4%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-157.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-t\right)} \]
    7. Simplified57.4%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-t\right)} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in x around 0 38.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y - t} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification57.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -8.5 \cdot 10^{+70} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.8 \cdot 10^{+15}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y - t\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 13: 40.8% accurate, 2.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 4800000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(x + y\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t 4800000000000.0) (log (+ x y)) (- t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 4800000000000.0) {
		tmp = log((x + y));
	} else {
		tmp = -t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t <= 4800000000000.0d0) then
        tmp = log((x + y))
    else
        tmp = -t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 4800000000000.0) {
		tmp = Math.log((x + y));
	} else {
		tmp = -t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if t <= 4800000000000.0:
		tmp = math.log((x + y))
	else:
		tmp = -t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t <= 4800000000000.0)
		tmp = log(Float64(x + y));
	else
		tmp = Float64(-t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t <= 4800000000000.0)
		tmp = log((x + y));
	else
		tmp = -t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 4800000000000.0], N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], (-t)]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t \leq 4800000000000:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x + y\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if t < 4.8e12

    1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in t around inf 9.0%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-19.0%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-t\right)} \]
    7. Simplified9.0%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-t\right)} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in t around 0 9.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative9.1%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)} \]
    10. Simplified9.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(y + x\right)} \]

    if 4.8e12 < t

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 69.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in t around inf 71.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-171.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
    8. Simplified71.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification40.3%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 4800000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(x + y\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 14: 39.1% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 4800000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t 4800000000000.0) (log y) (- t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 4800000000000.0) {
		tmp = log(y);
	} else {
		tmp = -t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t <= 4800000000000.0d0) then
        tmp = log(y)
    else
        tmp = -t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 4800000000000.0) {
		tmp = Math.log(y);
	} else {
		tmp = -t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if t <= 4800000000000.0:
		tmp = math.log(y)
	else:
		tmp = -t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t <= 4800000000000.0)
		tmp = log(y);
	else
		tmp = Float64(-t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t <= 4800000000000.0)
		tmp = log(y);
	else
		tmp = -t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 4800000000000.0], N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision], (-t)]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t \leq 4800000000000:\\
\;\;\;\;\log y\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if t < 4.8e12

    1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf 59.1%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative59.1%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    7. Simplified59.1%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in x around 0 40.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + a \cdot \log t} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative40.6%

        \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    10. Simplified40.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \log t \cdot a} \]
    11. Taylor expanded in a around 0 6.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y} \]

    if 4.8e12 < t

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. *-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      7. fma-udef99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
      8. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      9. +-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      10. distribute-neg-in99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
      11. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      12. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
      13. unsub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 69.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in t around inf 71.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-171.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
    8. Simplified71.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification38.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 4800000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 15: 75.3% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ a \cdot \log t - t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (- (* a (log t)) t))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return (a * log(t)) - t;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = (a * log(t)) - t
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return (a * Math.log(t)) - t;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return (a * math.log(t)) - t
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(a * log(t)) - t)
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = (a * log(t)) - t;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
a \cdot \log t - t
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
    3. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-exp-log46.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)}} \]
    2. metadata-eval46.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\left(a + \color{blue}{\left(-0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
    3. sub-neg46.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right)} \cdot \log t\right)} \]
    4. *-commutative46.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)}} \]
    5. sub-neg46.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}\right)} \]
    6. metadata-eval46.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right)\right)} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr46.8%

    \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + -0.5\right)\right)}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in x around 0 65.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in a around inf 76.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} - t \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative76.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
  10. Simplified76.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} - t \]
  11. Final simplification76.4%

    \[\leadsto a \cdot \log t - t \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 16: 37.9% accurate, 156.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (- t))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return -t;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = -t
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return -t;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return -t
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(-t)
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = -t;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := (-t)
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-t
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+l-99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
    2. associate--l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
    3. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
    4. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
    5. *-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
    6. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
    7. fma-udef99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
    8. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
    9. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\color{blue}{\left(\left(-0.5\right) + a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
    10. distribute-neg-in99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-0.5\right)\right) + \left(-a\right)}, t\right)\right) \]
    11. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \left(-\color{blue}{-0.5}\right) + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
    12. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5} + \left(-a\right), t\right)\right) \]
    13. unsub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{0.5 - a}, t\right)\right) \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 65.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log z\right) - \left(t + \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)\right)} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in t around inf 37.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. neg-mul-137.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
  8. Simplified37.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
  9. Final simplification37.1%

    \[\leadsto -t \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Developer target: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (log (+ x y)) (+ (- (log z) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t)));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t)))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return Math.log((x + y)) + ((Math.log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t)));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return math.log((x + y)) + ((math.log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t)))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t))))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t)));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)
\end{array}

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024018 
(FPCore (x y z t a)
  :name "Numeric.SpecFunctions:logGammaL from math-functions-0.1.5.2"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (+ (log (+ x y)) (+ (- (log z) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))

  (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))