Disney BSSRDF, sample scattering profile, lower

Percentage Accurate: 60.5% → 99.4%
Time: 11.0s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 21.8×

Specification

?
\[\left(0 \leq s \land s \leq 256\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u \land u \leq 0.25\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ s \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{1 - 4 \cdot u}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (s u) :precision binary32 (* s (log (/ 1.0 (- 1.0 (* 4.0 u))))))
float code(float s, float u) {
	return s * logf((1.0f / (1.0f - (4.0f * u))));
}
real(4) function code(s, u)
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    code = s * log((1.0e0 / (1.0e0 - (4.0e0 * u))))
end function
function code(s, u)
	return Float32(s * log(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(Float32(4.0) * u)))))
end
function tmp = code(s, u)
	tmp = s * log((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) - (single(4.0) * u))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
s \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{1 - 4 \cdot u}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 60.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ s \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{1 - 4 \cdot u}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (s u) :precision binary32 (* s (log (/ 1.0 (- 1.0 (* 4.0 u))))))
float code(float s, float u) {
	return s * logf((1.0f / (1.0f - (4.0f * u))));
}
real(4) function code(s, u)
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    code = s * log((1.0e0 / (1.0e0 - (4.0e0 * u))))
end function
function code(s, u)
	return Float32(s * log(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(Float32(4.0) * u)))))
end
function tmp = code(s, u)
	tmp = s * log((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) - (single(4.0) * u))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
s \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{1 - 4 \cdot u}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(u \cdot -4\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (s u) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log1p (* u -4.0))))
float code(float s, float u) {
	return -s * log1pf((u * -4.0f));
}
function code(s, u)
	return Float32(Float32(-s) * log1p(Float32(u * Float32(-4.0))))
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(u \cdot -4\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 59.4%

    \[s \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{1 - 4 \cdot u}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log-rec61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\log \left(1 - 4 \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
    2. distribute-rgt-neg-out61.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-s \cdot \log \left(1 - 4 \cdot u\right)} \]
    3. distribute-lft-neg-out61.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - 4 \cdot u\right)} \]
    4. cancel-sign-sub-inv61.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(-s\right) \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-4\right) \cdot u\right)} \]
    5. log1p-def99.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(-s\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(-4\right) \cdot u\right)} \]
    6. *-commutative99.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{u \cdot \left(-4\right)}\right) \]
    7. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(u \cdot \color{blue}{-4}\right) \]
  3. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(u \cdot -4\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Final simplification99.4%

    \[\leadsto \left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(u \cdot -4\right) \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 91.4% accurate, 7.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ s \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(\left(--4\right) - u \cdot \left(u \cdot -21.333333333333332 + -8\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (s u)
 :precision binary32
 (* s (* u (- (- -4.0) (* u (+ (* u -21.333333333333332) -8.0))))))
float code(float s, float u) {
	return s * (u * (-(-4.0f) - (u * ((u * -21.333333333333332f) + -8.0f))));
}
real(4) function code(s, u)
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    code = s * (u * (-(-4.0e0) - (u * ((u * (-21.333333333333332e0)) + (-8.0e0)))))
end function
function code(s, u)
	return Float32(s * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(-Float32(-4.0)) - Float32(u * Float32(Float32(u * Float32(-21.333333333333332)) + Float32(-8.0))))))
end
function tmp = code(s, u)
	tmp = s * (u * (-single(-4.0) - (u * ((u * single(-21.333333333333332)) + single(-8.0)))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
s \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(\left(--4\right) - u \cdot \left(u \cdot -21.333333333333332 + -8\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 59.4%

    \[s \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{1 - 4 \cdot u}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log-rec61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\log \left(1 - 4 \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
    2. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-4 \cdot u\right)\right)}\right) \]
    3. distribute-rgt-neg-out61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + \color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(-u\right)}\right)\right) \]
    4. +-commutative61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot \left(-u\right) + 1\right)}\right) \]
    5. distribute-rgt-neg-out61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot u\right)} + 1\right)\right) \]
    6. neg-mul-161.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u\right)} + 1\right)\right) \]
    7. metadata-eval61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}\right)\right) \]
    8. distribute-lft-in61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u + -1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    9. metadata-eval61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u + \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
    10. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)}\right)\right) \]
    11. log-prod-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(\log -1 + \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    12. distribute-neg-in-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) + \left(-\log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    13. unsub-neg-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) - \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)} \]
    14. unsub-neg-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) + \left(-\log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    15. distribute-neg-in-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(\log -1 + \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    16. log-prod61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    17. neg-mul-161.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(-\left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    18. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-\color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot u + \left(-1\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
  3. Simplified61.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in u around 0 90.6%

    \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-21.333333333333332 \cdot {u}^{3} + \left(-8 \cdot {u}^{2} + -4 \cdot u\right)\right)}\right) \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+r+90.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(\left(-21.333333333333332 \cdot {u}^{3} + -8 \cdot {u}^{2}\right) + -4 \cdot u\right)}\right) \]
    2. *-commutative90.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\left(\left(\color{blue}{{u}^{3} \cdot -21.333333333333332} + -8 \cdot {u}^{2}\right) + -4 \cdot u\right)\right) \]
    3. cube-mult90.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(u \cdot \left(u \cdot u\right)\right)} \cdot -21.333333333333332 + -8 \cdot {u}^{2}\right) + -4 \cdot u\right)\right) \]
    4. unpow290.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\left(\left(\left(u \cdot \color{blue}{{u}^{2}}\right) \cdot -21.333333333333332 + -8 \cdot {u}^{2}\right) + -4 \cdot u\right)\right) \]
    5. associate-*l*90.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\left(\left(\color{blue}{u \cdot \left({u}^{2} \cdot -21.333333333333332\right)} + -8 \cdot {u}^{2}\right) + -4 \cdot u\right)\right) \]
    6. *-commutative90.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\left(\left(u \cdot \left({u}^{2} \cdot -21.333333333333332\right) + \color{blue}{{u}^{2} \cdot -8}\right) + -4 \cdot u\right)\right) \]
    7. unpow290.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\left(\left(u \cdot \left({u}^{2} \cdot -21.333333333333332\right) + \color{blue}{\left(u \cdot u\right)} \cdot -8\right) + -4 \cdot u\right)\right) \]
    8. associate-*l*90.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\left(\left(u \cdot \left({u}^{2} \cdot -21.333333333333332\right) + \color{blue}{u \cdot \left(u \cdot -8\right)}\right) + -4 \cdot u\right)\right) \]
    9. distribute-lft-out90.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\left(\color{blue}{u \cdot \left({u}^{2} \cdot -21.333333333333332 + u \cdot -8\right)} + -4 \cdot u\right)\right) \]
    10. *-commutative90.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\left(u \cdot \left({u}^{2} \cdot -21.333333333333332 + u \cdot -8\right) + \color{blue}{u \cdot -4}\right)\right) \]
    11. distribute-lft-out90.4%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{u \cdot \left(\left({u}^{2} \cdot -21.333333333333332 + u \cdot -8\right) + -4\right)}\right) \]
    12. unpow290.4%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-u \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(u \cdot u\right)} \cdot -21.333333333333332 + u \cdot -8\right) + -4\right)\right) \]
    13. associate-*l*90.4%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-u \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{u \cdot \left(u \cdot -21.333333333333332\right)} + u \cdot -8\right) + -4\right)\right) \]
    14. distribute-lft-out90.4%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-u \cdot \left(\color{blue}{u \cdot \left(u \cdot -21.333333333333332 + -8\right)} + -4\right)\right) \]
  7. Simplified90.4%

    \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{u \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(u \cdot -21.333333333333332 + -8\right) + -4\right)}\right) \]
  8. Final simplification90.4%

    \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(\left(--4\right) - u \cdot \left(u \cdot -21.333333333333332 + -8\right)\right)\right) \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 87.3% accurate, 12.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ s \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(4 + u \cdot 8\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (s u) :precision binary32 (* s (* u (+ 4.0 (* u 8.0)))))
float code(float s, float u) {
	return s * (u * (4.0f + (u * 8.0f)));
}
real(4) function code(s, u)
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    code = s * (u * (4.0e0 + (u * 8.0e0)))
end function
function code(s, u)
	return Float32(s * Float32(u * Float32(Float32(4.0) + Float32(u * Float32(8.0)))))
end
function tmp = code(s, u)
	tmp = s * (u * (single(4.0) + (u * single(8.0))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
s \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(4 + u \cdot 8\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 59.4%

    \[s \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{1 - 4 \cdot u}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log-rec61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\log \left(1 - 4 \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
    2. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-4 \cdot u\right)\right)}\right) \]
    3. distribute-rgt-neg-out61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + \color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(-u\right)}\right)\right) \]
    4. +-commutative61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot \left(-u\right) + 1\right)}\right) \]
    5. distribute-rgt-neg-out61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot u\right)} + 1\right)\right) \]
    6. neg-mul-161.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u\right)} + 1\right)\right) \]
    7. metadata-eval61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}\right)\right) \]
    8. distribute-lft-in61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u + -1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    9. metadata-eval61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u + \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
    10. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)}\right)\right) \]
    11. log-prod-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(\log -1 + \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    12. distribute-neg-in-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) + \left(-\log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    13. unsub-neg-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) - \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)} \]
    14. unsub-neg-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) + \left(-\log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    15. distribute-neg-in-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(\log -1 + \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    16. log-prod61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    17. neg-mul-161.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(-\left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    18. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-\color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot u + \left(-1\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
  3. Simplified61.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in u around 0 86.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right) + 8 \cdot \left(s \cdot {u}^{2}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow286.8%

      \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right) + 8 \cdot \left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u \cdot u\right)}\right) \]
    2. associate-*r*86.8%

      \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right) + 8 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(s \cdot u\right) \cdot u\right)} \]
    3. *-commutative86.8%

      \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right) + 8 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
    4. associate-*r*86.8%

      \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right) + \color{blue}{\left(8 \cdot u\right) \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right)} \]
    5. distribute-rgt-out86.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(s \cdot u\right) \cdot \left(4 + 8 \cdot u\right)} \]
    6. *-commutative86.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(u \cdot s\right)} \cdot \left(4 + 8 \cdot u\right) \]
  7. Simplified86.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(u \cdot s\right) \cdot \left(4 + 8 \cdot u\right)} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in s around 0 86.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{s \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(4 + 8 \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
  9. Final simplification86.9%

    \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(4 + u \cdot 8\right)\right) \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 74.4% accurate, 21.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 4 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (s u) :precision binary32 (* 4.0 (* s u)))
float code(float s, float u) {
	return 4.0f * (s * u);
}
real(4) function code(s, u)
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    code = 4.0e0 * (s * u)
end function
function code(s, u)
	return Float32(Float32(4.0) * Float32(s * u))
end
function tmp = code(s, u)
	tmp = single(4.0) * (s * u);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
4 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 59.4%

    \[s \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{1 - 4 \cdot u}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log-rec61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\log \left(1 - 4 \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
    2. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-4 \cdot u\right)\right)}\right) \]
    3. distribute-rgt-neg-out61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + \color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(-u\right)}\right)\right) \]
    4. +-commutative61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot \left(-u\right) + 1\right)}\right) \]
    5. distribute-rgt-neg-out61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot u\right)} + 1\right)\right) \]
    6. neg-mul-161.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u\right)} + 1\right)\right) \]
    7. metadata-eval61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}\right)\right) \]
    8. distribute-lft-in61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u + -1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    9. metadata-eval61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u + \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
    10. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)}\right)\right) \]
    11. log-prod-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(\log -1 + \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    12. distribute-neg-in-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) + \left(-\log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    13. unsub-neg-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) - \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)} \]
    14. unsub-neg-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) + \left(-\log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    15. distribute-neg-in-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(\log -1 + \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    16. log-prod61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    17. neg-mul-161.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(-\left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    18. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-\color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot u + \left(-1\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
  3. Simplified61.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in u around 0 74.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative74.9%

      \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u \cdot s\right)} \]
  7. Simplified74.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(u \cdot s\right)} \]
  8. Final simplification74.9%

    \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right) \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 74.6% accurate, 21.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ u \cdot \left(s \cdot 4\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (s u) :precision binary32 (* u (* s 4.0)))
float code(float s, float u) {
	return u * (s * 4.0f);
}
real(4) function code(s, u)
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    code = u * (s * 4.0e0)
end function
function code(s, u)
	return Float32(u * Float32(s * Float32(4.0)))
end
function tmp = code(s, u)
	tmp = u * (s * single(4.0));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
u \cdot \left(s \cdot 4\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 59.4%

    \[s \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{1 - 4 \cdot u}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log-rec61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\log \left(1 - 4 \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
    2. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-4 \cdot u\right)\right)}\right) \]
    3. distribute-rgt-neg-out61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + \color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(-u\right)}\right)\right) \]
    4. +-commutative61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot \left(-u\right) + 1\right)}\right) \]
    5. distribute-rgt-neg-out61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot u\right)} + 1\right)\right) \]
    6. neg-mul-161.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u\right)} + 1\right)\right) \]
    7. metadata-eval61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}\right)\right) \]
    8. distribute-lft-in61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u + -1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    9. metadata-eval61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u + \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
    10. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)}\right)\right) \]
    11. log-prod-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(\log -1 + \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    12. distribute-neg-in-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) + \left(-\log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    13. unsub-neg-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) - \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)} \]
    14. unsub-neg-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) + \left(-\log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    15. distribute-neg-in-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(\log -1 + \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    16. log-prod61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    17. neg-mul-161.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(-\left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    18. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-\color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot u + \left(-1\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
  3. Simplified61.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Taylor expanded in u around 0 74.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*75.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot s\right) \cdot u} \]
    2. *-commutative75.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u \cdot \left(4 \cdot s\right)} \]
  7. Simplified75.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u \cdot \left(4 \cdot s\right)} \]
  8. Final simplification75.2%

    \[\leadsto u \cdot \left(s \cdot 4\right) \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 16.6% accurate, 36.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ s \cdot 0 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (s u) :precision binary32 (* s 0.0))
float code(float s, float u) {
	return s * 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(s, u)
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    code = s * 0.0e0
end function
function code(s, u)
	return Float32(s * Float32(0.0))
end
function tmp = code(s, u)
	tmp = s * single(0.0);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
s \cdot 0
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 59.4%

    \[s \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{1 - 4 \cdot u}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. log-rec61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\log \left(1 - 4 \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
    2. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-4 \cdot u\right)\right)}\right) \]
    3. distribute-rgt-neg-out61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + \color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(-u\right)}\right)\right) \]
    4. +-commutative61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot \left(-u\right) + 1\right)}\right) \]
    5. distribute-rgt-neg-out61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot u\right)} + 1\right)\right) \]
    6. neg-mul-161.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u\right)} + 1\right)\right) \]
    7. metadata-eval61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}\right)\right) \]
    8. distribute-lft-in61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u + -1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    9. metadata-eval61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u + \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
    10. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)}\right)\right) \]
    11. log-prod-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(\log -1 + \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    12. distribute-neg-in-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) + \left(-\log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    13. unsub-neg-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) - \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)} \]
    14. unsub-neg-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\log -1\right) + \left(-\log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    15. distribute-neg-in-0.0%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(\log -1 + \log \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    16. log-prod61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\log \left(-1 \cdot \left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    17. neg-mul-161.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(-\left(4 \cdot u - 1\right)\right)}\right) \]
    18. sub-neg61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-\color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot u + \left(-1\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
  3. Simplified61.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
  4. Add Preprocessing
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt3.4%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\sqrt{\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)}}\right) \]
    2. sqrt-unprod14.5%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\sqrt{\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right) \cdot \log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)}}\right) \]
    3. sqr-neg14.5%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)\right) \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)\right)}}\right) \]
    4. sqrt-unprod14.5%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\sqrt{-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)} \cdot \sqrt{-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)}}\right) \]
    5. add-sqr-sqrt14.5%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)\right)}\right) \]
    6. neg-mul-114.5%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)}\right) \]
    7. add-log-exp14.4%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\log \left(e^{-1 \cdot \log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)}\right)}\right) \]
    8. neg-mul-114.4%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(e^{\color{blue}{-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)}}\right)\right) \]
    9. add-sqr-sqrt14.4%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(e^{\color{blue}{\sqrt{-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)} \cdot \sqrt{-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)}}}\right)\right) \]
    10. sqrt-unprod14.4%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(e^{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)\right) \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)\right)}}}\right)\right) \]
    11. sqr-neg14.4%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(e^{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right) \cdot \log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)}}}\right)\right) \]
    12. sqrt-unprod3.4%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(e^{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)}}}\right)\right) \]
    13. add-sqr-sqrt61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \left(e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)}}\right)\right) \]
    14. add-exp-log61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)}\right) \]
    15. add-sqr-sqrt58.9%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 + -4 \cdot u} \cdot \sqrt{1 + -4 \cdot u}\right)}\right) \]
    16. sqrt-unprod61.7%

      \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right) \cdot \left(1 + -4 \cdot u\right)}\right)}\right) \]
  6. Applied egg-rr17.0%

    \[\leadsto s \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{0}\right) \]
  7. Final simplification17.0%

    \[\leadsto s \cdot 0 \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024011 
(FPCore (s u)
  :name "Disney BSSRDF, sample scattering profile, lower"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 0.25)))
  (* s (log (/ 1.0 (- 1.0 (* 4.0 u))))))