
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y; tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0); end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t_0}{x \cdot x + t_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y; tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0); end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t_0}{x \cdot x + t_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* y (* y 4.0))))
(if (<= t_0 1e-227)
1.0
(if (<= t_0 1e+177)
(/ (- (* x x) t_0) (fma (* y 4.0) y (pow x 2.0)))
-1.0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = y * (y * 4.0);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 1e-227) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (t_0 <= 1e+177) {
tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / fma((y * 4.0), y, pow(x, 2.0));
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(y * Float64(y * 4.0)) tmp = 0.0 if (t_0 <= 1e-227) tmp = 1.0; elseif (t_0 <= 1e+177) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / fma(Float64(y * 4.0), y, (x ^ 2.0))); else tmp = -1.0; end return tmp end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(y * N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e-227], 1.0, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e+177], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y + N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := y \cdot \left(y \cdot 4\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq 10^{-227}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;t_0 \leq 10^{+177}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x - t_0}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot 4, y, {x}^{2}\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (*.f64 (*.f64 y 4) y) < 9.99999999999999945e-228Initial program 48.3%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 88.9%
if 9.99999999999999945e-228 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y 4) y) < 1e177Initial program 75.9%
+-commutative75.9%
fma-def75.9%
pow275.9%
Applied egg-rr75.9%
if 1e177 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y 4) y) Initial program 21.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 81.0%
Final simplification82.2%
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* y (* y 4.0))))
(if (<= t_0 2.9e-224)
1.0
(if (<= t_0 9e+182) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ t_0 (* x x))) -1.0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = y * (y * 4.0);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 2.9e-224) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (t_0 <= 9e+182) {
tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / (t_0 + (x * x));
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = y * (y * 4.0d0)
if (t_0 <= 2.9d-224) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else if (t_0 <= 9d+182) then
tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / (t_0 + (x * x))
else
tmp = -1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = y * (y * 4.0);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 2.9e-224) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (t_0 <= 9e+182) {
tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / (t_0 + (x * x));
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = y * (y * 4.0) tmp = 0 if t_0 <= 2.9e-224: tmp = 1.0 elif t_0 <= 9e+182: tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / (t_0 + (x * x)) else: tmp = -1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(y * Float64(y * 4.0)) tmp = 0.0 if (t_0 <= 2.9e-224) tmp = 1.0; elseif (t_0 <= 9e+182) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(t_0 + Float64(x * x))); else tmp = -1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) t_0 = y * (y * 4.0); tmp = 0.0; if (t_0 <= 2.9e-224) tmp = 1.0; elseif (t_0 <= 9e+182) tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / (t_0 + (x * x)); else tmp = -1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(y * N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2.9e-224], 1.0, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 9e+182], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$0 + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := y \cdot \left(y \cdot 4\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-224}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;t_0 \leq 9 \cdot 10^{+182}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x - t_0}{t_0 + x \cdot x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (*.f64 (*.f64 y 4) y) < 2.9e-224Initial program 48.3%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 88.9%
if 2.9e-224 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y 4) y) < 9.00000000000000058e182Initial program 75.9%
if 9.00000000000000058e182 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y 4) y) Initial program 21.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 81.0%
Final simplification82.2%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= y 2.2e-70) 1.0 (if (<= y 3e-13) -1.0 (if (<= y 2.1e+19) 1.0 -1.0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (y <= 2.2e-70) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (y <= 3e-13) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else if (y <= 2.1e+19) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (y <= 2.2d-70) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else if (y <= 3d-13) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else if (y <= 2.1d+19) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else
tmp = -1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (y <= 2.2e-70) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (y <= 3e-13) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else if (y <= 2.1e+19) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else {
tmp = -1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if y <= 2.2e-70: tmp = 1.0 elif y <= 3e-13: tmp = -1.0 elif y <= 2.1e+19: tmp = 1.0 else: tmp = -1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (y <= 2.2e-70) tmp = 1.0; elseif (y <= 3e-13) tmp = -1.0; elseif (y <= 2.1e+19) tmp = 1.0; else tmp = -1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (y <= 2.2e-70) tmp = 1.0; elseif (y <= 3e-13) tmp = -1.0; elseif (y <= 2.1e+19) tmp = 1.0; else tmp = -1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[y, 2.2e-70], 1.0, If[LessEqual[y, 3e-13], -1.0, If[LessEqual[y, 2.1e+19], 1.0, -1.0]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{-70}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-13}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 2.1 \cdot 10^{+19}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if y < 2.1999999999999999e-70 or 2.99999999999999984e-13 < y < 2.1e19Initial program 49.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 61.9%
if 2.1999999999999999e-70 < y < 2.99999999999999984e-13 or 2.1e19 < y Initial program 43.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 72.7%
Final simplification64.9%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = -1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
def code(x, y): return -1.0
function code(x, y) return -1.0 end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = -1.0; end
code[x_, y_] := -1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-1
\end{array}
Initial program 47.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 48.6%
Final simplification48.6%
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* (* y y) 4.0))
(t_1 (+ (* x x) t_0))
(t_2 (/ t_0 t_1))
(t_3 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
(if (< (/ (- (* x x) t_3) (+ (* x x) t_3)) 0.9743233849626781)
(- (/ (* x x) t_1) t_2)
(- (pow (/ x (sqrt t_1)) 2.0) t_2))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
double tmp;
if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
} else {
tmp = pow((x / sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: t_1
real(8) :: t_2
real(8) :: t_3
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0d0
t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
t_2 = t_0 / t_1
t_3 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781d0) then
tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
else
tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ** 2.0d0) - t_2
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
double tmp;
if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
} else {
tmp = Math.pow((x / Math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0 t_1 = (x * x) + t_0 t_2 = t_0 / t_1 t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y tmp = 0 if (((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781: tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2 else: tmp = math.pow((x / math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2 return tmp
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * y) * 4.0) t_1 = Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0) t_2 = Float64(t_0 / t_1) t_3 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_3) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) / t_1) - t_2); else tmp = Float64((Float64(x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0; t_1 = (x * x) + t_0; t_2 = t_0 / t_1; t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y; tmp = 0.0; if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2; else tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.9743233849626781], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[N[(x / N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\
t_1 := x \cdot x + t_0\\
t_2 := \frac{t_0}{t_1}\\
t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t_3}{x \cdot x + t_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t_1} - t_2\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t_1}}\right)}^{2} - t_2\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024010
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (< (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y))) 0.9743233849626781) (- (/ (* x x) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4.0))) (/ (* (* y y) 4.0) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4.0)))) (- (pow (/ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4.0)))) 2.0) (/ (* (* y y) 4.0) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4.0)))))
(/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y))))