
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- 1.0 (log (- 1.0 (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 - log((1.0 - ((x - y) / (1.0 - y))));
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = 1.0d0 - log((1.0d0 - ((x - y) / (1.0d0 - y))))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 - Math.log((1.0 - ((x - y) / (1.0 - y))));
}
def code(x, y): return 1.0 - math.log((1.0 - ((x - y) / (1.0 - y))))
function code(x, y) return Float64(1.0 - log(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(1.0 - y))))) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = 1.0 - log((1.0 - ((x - y) / (1.0 - y)))); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(1.0 - N[Log[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1 - \log \left(1 - \frac{x - y}{1 - y}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- 1.0 (log (- 1.0 (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 - log((1.0 - ((x - y) / (1.0 - y))));
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = 1.0d0 - log((1.0d0 - ((x - y) / (1.0d0 - y))))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 - Math.log((1.0 - ((x - y) / (1.0 - y))));
}
def code(x, y): return 1.0 - math.log((1.0 - ((x - y) / (1.0 - y))))
function code(x, y) return Float64(1.0 - log(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(1.0 - y))))) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = 1.0 - log((1.0 - ((x - y) / (1.0 - y)))); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(1.0 - N[Log[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1 - \log \left(1 - \frac{x - y}{1 - y}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(if (<= y -2120000000000.0)
(-
1.0
(+ (log1p (- x)) (- (log (/ -1.0 y)) (/ (- 1.0 x) (* y (+ x -1.0))))))
(if (<= y 2e+137)
(- 1.0 (log1p (/ (- y x) (- 1.0 y))))
(+ 1.0 (- (log y) (log (+ x -1.0)))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (y <= -2120000000000.0) {
tmp = 1.0 - (log1p(-x) + (log((-1.0 / y)) - ((1.0 - x) / (y * (x + -1.0)))));
} else if (y <= 2e+137) {
tmp = 1.0 - log1p(((y - x) / (1.0 - y)));
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (log(y) - log((x + -1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (y <= -2120000000000.0) {
tmp = 1.0 - (Math.log1p(-x) + (Math.log((-1.0 / y)) - ((1.0 - x) / (y * (x + -1.0)))));
} else if (y <= 2e+137) {
tmp = 1.0 - Math.log1p(((y - x) / (1.0 - y)));
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (Math.log(y) - Math.log((x + -1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if y <= -2120000000000.0: tmp = 1.0 - (math.log1p(-x) + (math.log((-1.0 / y)) - ((1.0 - x) / (y * (x + -1.0))))) elif y <= 2e+137: tmp = 1.0 - math.log1p(((y - x) / (1.0 - y))) else: tmp = 1.0 + (math.log(y) - math.log((x + -1.0))) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (y <= -2120000000000.0) tmp = Float64(1.0 - Float64(log1p(Float64(-x)) + Float64(log(Float64(-1.0 / y)) - Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) / Float64(y * Float64(x + -1.0)))))); elseif (y <= 2e+137) tmp = Float64(1.0 - log1p(Float64(Float64(y - x) / Float64(1.0 - y)))); else tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(log(y) - log(Float64(x + -1.0)))); end return tmp end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[y, -2120000000000.0], N[(1.0 - N[(N[Log[1 + (-x)], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[N[(-1.0 / y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y * N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[y, 2e+137], N[(1.0 - N[Log[1 + N[(N[(y - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 + N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq -2120000000000:\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(-x\right) + \left(\log \left(\frac{-1}{y}\right) - \frac{1 - x}{y \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+137}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{y - x}{1 - y}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + \left(\log y - \log \left(x + -1\right)\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(if (<= y -2120000000000.0)
(- 1.0 (+ (log1p (- x)) (log (/ -1.0 y))))
(if (<= y 2e+137)
(- 1.0 (log1p (/ (- y x) (- 1.0 y))))
(+ 1.0 (- (log y) (log (+ x -1.0)))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (y <= -2120000000000.0) {
tmp = 1.0 - (log1p(-x) + log((-1.0 / y)));
} else if (y <= 2e+137) {
tmp = 1.0 - log1p(((y - x) / (1.0 - y)));
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (log(y) - log((x + -1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (y <= -2120000000000.0) {
tmp = 1.0 - (Math.log1p(-x) + Math.log((-1.0 / y)));
} else if (y <= 2e+137) {
tmp = 1.0 - Math.log1p(((y - x) / (1.0 - y)));
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (Math.log(y) - Math.log((x + -1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if y <= -2120000000000.0: tmp = 1.0 - (math.log1p(-x) + math.log((-1.0 / y))) elif y <= 2e+137: tmp = 1.0 - math.log1p(((y - x) / (1.0 - y))) else: tmp = 1.0 + (math.log(y) - math.log((x + -1.0))) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (y <= -2120000000000.0) tmp = Float64(1.0 - Float64(log1p(Float64(-x)) + log(Float64(-1.0 / y)))); elseif (y <= 2e+137) tmp = Float64(1.0 - log1p(Float64(Float64(y - x) / Float64(1.0 - y)))); else tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(log(y) - log(Float64(x + -1.0)))); end return tmp end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[y, -2120000000000.0], N[(1.0 - N[(N[Log[1 + (-x)], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(-1.0 / y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[y, 2e+137], N[(1.0 - N[Log[1 + N[(N[(y - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 + N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq -2120000000000:\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(-x\right) + \log \left(\frac{-1}{y}\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+137}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{y - x}{1 - y}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + \left(\log y - \log \left(x + -1\right)\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= y 2e+137) (- 1.0 (log1p (/ (- x) (- 1.0 y)))) (+ 1.0 (- (log y) (log (+ x -1.0))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (y <= 2e+137) {
tmp = 1.0 - log1p((-x / (1.0 - y)));
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (log(y) - log((x + -1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (y <= 2e+137) {
tmp = 1.0 - Math.log1p((-x / (1.0 - y)));
} else {
tmp = 1.0 + (Math.log(y) - Math.log((x + -1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if y <= 2e+137: tmp = 1.0 - math.log1p((-x / (1.0 - y))) else: tmp = 1.0 + (math.log(y) - math.log((x + -1.0))) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (y <= 2e+137) tmp = Float64(1.0 - log1p(Float64(Float64(-x) / Float64(1.0 - y)))); else tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(log(y) - log(Float64(x + -1.0)))); end return tmp end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[y, 2e+137], N[(1.0 - N[Log[1 + N[((-x) / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 + N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+137}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-x}{1 - y}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + \left(\log y - \log \left(x + -1\right)\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- 1.0 (log1p (/ (- x) (- 1.0 y)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 - log1p((-x / (1.0 - y)));
}
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 - Math.log1p((-x / (1.0 - y)));
}
def code(x, y): return 1.0 - math.log1p((-x / (1.0 - y)))
function code(x, y) return Float64(1.0 - log1p(Float64(Float64(-x) / Float64(1.0 - y)))) end
code[x_, y_] := N[(1.0 - N[Log[1 + N[((-x) / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1 - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-x}{1 - y}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- 1.0 (log1p (- x))))
double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 - log1p(-x);
}
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 - Math.log1p(-x);
}
def code(x, y): return 1.0 - math.log1p(-x)
function code(x, y) return Float64(1.0 - log1p(Float64(-x))) end
code[x_, y_] := N[(1.0 - N[Log[1 + (-x)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1 - \mathsf{log1p}\left(-x\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- 1.0 (log1p -1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 - log1p(-1.0);
}
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return 1.0 - Math.log1p(-1.0);
}
def code(x, y): return 1.0 - math.log1p(-1.0)
function code(x, y) return Float64(1.0 - log1p(-1.0)) end
code[x_, y_] := N[(1.0 - N[Log[1 + -1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1 - \mathsf{log1p}\left(-1\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (- 1.0 (log (- (/ x (* y y)) (- (/ 1.0 y) (/ x y)))))))
(if (< y -81284752.61947241)
t_0
(if (< y 3.0094271212461764e+25)
(log (/ (exp 1.0) (- 1.0 (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y)))))
t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = 1.0 - log(((x / (y * y)) - ((1.0 / y) - (x / y))));
double tmp;
if (y < -81284752.61947241) {
tmp = t_0;
} else if (y < 3.0094271212461764e+25) {
tmp = log((exp(1.0) / (1.0 - ((x - y) / (1.0 - y)))));
} else {
tmp = t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = 1.0d0 - log(((x / (y * y)) - ((1.0d0 / y) - (x / y))))
if (y < (-81284752.61947241d0)) then
tmp = t_0
else if (y < 3.0094271212461764d+25) then
tmp = log((exp(1.0d0) / (1.0d0 - ((x - y) / (1.0d0 - y)))))
else
tmp = t_0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = 1.0 - Math.log(((x / (y * y)) - ((1.0 / y) - (x / y))));
double tmp;
if (y < -81284752.61947241) {
tmp = t_0;
} else if (y < 3.0094271212461764e+25) {
tmp = Math.log((Math.exp(1.0) / (1.0 - ((x - y) / (1.0 - y)))));
} else {
tmp = t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = 1.0 - math.log(((x / (y * y)) - ((1.0 / y) - (x / y)))) tmp = 0 if y < -81284752.61947241: tmp = t_0 elif y < 3.0094271212461764e+25: tmp = math.log((math.exp(1.0) / (1.0 - ((x - y) / (1.0 - y))))) else: tmp = t_0 return tmp
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(1.0 - log(Float64(Float64(x / Float64(y * y)) - Float64(Float64(1.0 / y) - Float64(x / y))))) tmp = 0.0 if (y < -81284752.61947241) tmp = t_0; elseif (y < 3.0094271212461764e+25) tmp = log(Float64(exp(1.0) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(1.0 - y))))); else tmp = t_0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) t_0 = 1.0 - log(((x / (y * y)) - ((1.0 / y) - (x / y)))); tmp = 0.0; if (y < -81284752.61947241) tmp = t_0; elseif (y < 3.0094271212461764e+25) tmp = log((exp(1.0) / (1.0 - ((x - y) / (1.0 - y))))); else tmp = t_0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(1.0 - N[Log[N[(N[(x / N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(1.0 / y), $MachinePrecision] - N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[y, -81284752.61947241], t$95$0, If[Less[y, 3.0094271212461764e+25], N[Log[N[(N[Exp[1.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 1 - \log \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot y} - \left(\frac{1}{y} - \frac{x}{y}\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;y < -81284752.61947241:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\mathbf{elif}\;y < 3.0094271212461764 \cdot 10^{+25}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{e^{1}}{1 - \frac{x - y}{1 - y}}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024008
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Numeric.SpecFunctions:invIncompleteGamma from math-functions-0.1.5.2, B"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (< y -81284752.61947241) (- 1.0 (log (- (/ x (* y y)) (- (/ 1.0 y) (/ x y))))) (if (< y 3.0094271212461764e+25) (log (/ (exp 1.0) (- 1.0 (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y))))) (- 1.0 (log (- (/ x (* y y)) (- (/ 1.0 y) (/ x y)))))))
(- 1.0 (log (- 1.0 (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y))))))