
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b): return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b): return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (/ (* PI 0.5) (+ a b)) (* a b)))
double code(double a, double b) {
return ((((double) M_PI) * 0.5) / (a + b)) / (a * b);
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return ((Math.PI * 0.5) / (a + b)) / (a * b);
}
def code(a, b): return ((math.pi * 0.5) / (a + b)) / (a * b)
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * 0.5) / Float64(a + b)) / Float64(a * b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = ((pi * 0.5) / (a + b)) / (a * b); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{a + b}}{a \cdot b}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= b 6e+104) (* PI (/ 0.5 (* a (* b (+ a b))))) (/ (/ (* PI 0.5) b) (* a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 6e+104) {
tmp = ((double) M_PI) * (0.5 / (a * (b * (a + b))));
} else {
tmp = ((((double) M_PI) * 0.5) / b) / (a * b);
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 6e+104) {
tmp = Math.PI * (0.5 / (a * (b * (a + b))));
} else {
tmp = ((Math.PI * 0.5) / b) / (a * b);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): tmp = 0 if b <= 6e+104: tmp = math.pi * (0.5 / (a * (b * (a + b)))) else: tmp = ((math.pi * 0.5) / b) / (a * b) return tmp
function code(a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 6e+104) tmp = Float64(pi * Float64(0.5 / Float64(a * Float64(b * Float64(a + b))))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * 0.5) / b) / Float64(a * b)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= 6e+104) tmp = pi * (0.5 / (a * (b * (a + b)))); else tmp = ((pi * 0.5) / b) / (a * b); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 6e+104], N[(Pi * N[(0.5 / N[(a * N[(b * N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+104}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b}}{a \cdot b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (/ 0.5 (* a b)))) (if (<= b 3.7e-68) (* t_0 (/ PI a)) (* t_0 (/ PI b)))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = 0.5 / (a * b);
double tmp;
if (b <= 3.7e-68) {
tmp = t_0 * (((double) M_PI) / a);
} else {
tmp = t_0 * (((double) M_PI) / b);
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double t_0 = 0.5 / (a * b);
double tmp;
if (b <= 3.7e-68) {
tmp = t_0 * (Math.PI / a);
} else {
tmp = t_0 * (Math.PI / b);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): t_0 = 0.5 / (a * b) tmp = 0 if b <= 3.7e-68: tmp = t_0 * (math.pi / a) else: tmp = t_0 * (math.pi / b) return tmp
function code(a, b) t_0 = Float64(0.5 / Float64(a * b)) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 3.7e-68) tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(pi / a)); else tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(pi / b)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) t_0 = 0.5 / (a * b); tmp = 0.0; if (b <= 3.7e-68) tmp = t_0 * (pi / a); else tmp = t_0 * (pi / b); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.5 / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 3.7e-68], N[(t$95$0 * N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$0 * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{0.5}{a \cdot b}\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 3.7 \cdot 10^{-68}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= b 1.4e-68) (* (/ 0.5 (* a b)) (/ PI a)) (* (/ (/ 0.5 a) b) (/ PI b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 1.4e-68) {
tmp = (0.5 / (a * b)) * (((double) M_PI) / a);
} else {
tmp = ((0.5 / a) / b) * (((double) M_PI) / b);
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 1.4e-68) {
tmp = (0.5 / (a * b)) * (Math.PI / a);
} else {
tmp = ((0.5 / a) / b) * (Math.PI / b);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): tmp = 0 if b <= 1.4e-68: tmp = (0.5 / (a * b)) * (math.pi / a) else: tmp = ((0.5 / a) / b) * (math.pi / b) return tmp
function code(a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 1.4e-68) tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 / Float64(a * b)) * Float64(pi / a)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 / a) / b) * Float64(pi / b)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= 1.4e-68) tmp = (0.5 / (a * b)) * (pi / a); else tmp = ((0.5 / a) / b) * (pi / b); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 1.4e-68], N[(N[(0.5 / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-68}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{0.5}{a}}{b} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= b 4.3e-68) (/ PI (* a (* (* a b) 2.0))) (* (/ (/ 0.5 a) b) (/ PI b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 4.3e-68) {
tmp = ((double) M_PI) / (a * ((a * b) * 2.0));
} else {
tmp = ((0.5 / a) / b) * (((double) M_PI) / b);
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 4.3e-68) {
tmp = Math.PI / (a * ((a * b) * 2.0));
} else {
tmp = ((0.5 / a) / b) * (Math.PI / b);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): tmp = 0 if b <= 4.3e-68: tmp = math.pi / (a * ((a * b) * 2.0)) else: tmp = ((0.5 / a) / b) * (math.pi / b) return tmp
function code(a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 4.3e-68) tmp = Float64(pi / Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * b) * 2.0))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 / a) / b) * Float64(pi / b)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= 4.3e-68) tmp = pi / (a * ((a * b) * 2.0)); else tmp = ((0.5 / a) / b) * (pi / b); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 4.3e-68], N[(Pi / N[(a * N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.3 \cdot 10^{-68}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{0.5}{a}}{b} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (if (<= b 4.3e-68) (/ PI (* a (* (* a b) 2.0))) (/ (/ (* PI 0.5) b) (* a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 4.3e-68) {
tmp = ((double) M_PI) / (a * ((a * b) * 2.0));
} else {
tmp = ((((double) M_PI) * 0.5) / b) / (a * b);
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 4.3e-68) {
tmp = Math.PI / (a * ((a * b) * 2.0));
} else {
tmp = ((Math.PI * 0.5) / b) / (a * b);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b): tmp = 0 if b <= 4.3e-68: tmp = math.pi / (a * ((a * b) * 2.0)) else: tmp = ((math.pi * 0.5) / b) / (a * b) return tmp
function code(a, b) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 4.3e-68) tmp = Float64(pi / Float64(a * Float64(Float64(a * b) * 2.0))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * 0.5) / b) / Float64(a * b)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= 4.3e-68) tmp = pi / (a * ((a * b) * 2.0)); else tmp = ((pi * 0.5) / b) / (a * b); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 4.3e-68], N[(Pi / N[(a * N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.3 \cdot 10^{-68}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b}}{a \cdot b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ PI (+ a b)) (/ 0.5 (* a b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
return (((double) M_PI) / (a + b)) * (0.5 / (a * b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return (Math.PI / (a + b)) * (0.5 / (a * b));
}
def code(a, b): return (math.pi / (a + b)) * (0.5 / (a * b))
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(a + b)) * Float64(0.5 / Float64(a * b))) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = (pi / (a + b)) * (0.5 / (a * b)); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(Pi / N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\pi}{a + b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a \cdot b}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ 0.5 (* a b)) (/ PI a)))
double code(double a, double b) {
return (0.5 / (a * b)) * (((double) M_PI) / a);
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
return (0.5 / (a * b)) * (Math.PI / a);
}
def code(a, b): return (0.5 / (a * b)) * (math.pi / a)
function code(a, b) return Float64(Float64(0.5 / Float64(a * b)) * Float64(pi / a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b) tmp = (0.5 / (a * b)) * (pi / a); end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(0.5 / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.5}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{\pi}{a}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024006
(FPCore (a b)
:name "NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B"
:precision binary64
(* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))