
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))))
double code(double x) {
return log((x + sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((x + Math.sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0))));
}
def code(x): return math.log((x + math.sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0))))
function code(x) return log(Float64(x + sqrt(Float64(Float64(x * x) + 1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0)))); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(x + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))))
double code(double x) {
return log((x + sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((x + Math.sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0))));
}
def code(x): return math.log((x + math.sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0))))
function code(x) return log(Float64(x + sqrt(Float64(Float64(x * x) + 1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0)))); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(x + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.3) (log (/ -0.5 x)) (if (<= x 7.4e-6) x (log (+ x (hypot 1.0 x))))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 7.4e-6) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = log((x + hypot(1.0, x)));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = Math.log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 7.4e-6) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = Math.log((x + Math.hypot(1.0, x)));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.3: tmp = math.log((-0.5 / x)) elif x <= 7.4e-6: tmp = x else: tmp = math.log((x + math.hypot(1.0, x))) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log(Float64(-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 7.4e-6) tmp = x; else tmp = log(Float64(x + hypot(1.0, x))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log((-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 7.4e-6) tmp = x; else tmp = log((x + hypot(1.0, x))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.3], N[Log[N[(-0.5 / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 7.4e-6], x, N[Log[N[(x + N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + x ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.3:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 7.4 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x + \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -70.0) (log (- (/ 0.125 (pow x 3.0)) (+ (/ 0.0625 (pow x 5.0)) (/ 0.5 x)))) (log1p (+ x (+ (hypot 1.0 x) -1.0)))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -70.0) {
tmp = log(((0.125 / pow(x, 3.0)) - ((0.0625 / pow(x, 5.0)) + (0.5 / x))));
} else {
tmp = log1p((x + (hypot(1.0, x) + -1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -70.0) {
tmp = Math.log(((0.125 / Math.pow(x, 3.0)) - ((0.0625 / Math.pow(x, 5.0)) + (0.5 / x))));
} else {
tmp = Math.log1p((x + (Math.hypot(1.0, x) + -1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -70.0: tmp = math.log(((0.125 / math.pow(x, 3.0)) - ((0.0625 / math.pow(x, 5.0)) + (0.5 / x)))) else: tmp = math.log1p((x + (math.hypot(1.0, x) + -1.0))) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -70.0) tmp = log(Float64(Float64(0.125 / (x ^ 3.0)) - Float64(Float64(0.0625 / (x ^ 5.0)) + Float64(0.5 / x)))); else tmp = log1p(Float64(x + Float64(hypot(1.0, x) + -1.0))); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -70.0], N[Log[N[(N[(0.125 / N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(0.0625 / N[Power[x, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[Log[1 + N[(x + N[(N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + x ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -70:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{0.125}{{x}^{3}} - \left(\frac{0.0625}{{x}^{5}} + \frac{0.5}{x}\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + -1\right)\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -330.0) (log (+ (/ 0.125 (pow x 3.0)) (/ -0.5 x))) (log1p (+ x (+ (hypot 1.0 x) -1.0)))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -330.0) {
tmp = log(((0.125 / pow(x, 3.0)) + (-0.5 / x)));
} else {
tmp = log1p((x + (hypot(1.0, x) + -1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -330.0) {
tmp = Math.log(((0.125 / Math.pow(x, 3.0)) + (-0.5 / x)));
} else {
tmp = Math.log1p((x + (Math.hypot(1.0, x) + -1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -330.0: tmp = math.log(((0.125 / math.pow(x, 3.0)) + (-0.5 / x))) else: tmp = math.log1p((x + (math.hypot(1.0, x) + -1.0))) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -330.0) tmp = log(Float64(Float64(0.125 / (x ^ 3.0)) + Float64(-0.5 / x))); else tmp = log1p(Float64(x + Float64(hypot(1.0, x) + -1.0))); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -330.0], N[Log[N[(N[(0.125 / N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[Log[1 + N[(x + N[(N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + x ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -330:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{0.125}{{x}^{3}} + \frac{-0.5}{x}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + -1\right)\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -7000.0) (log (/ -0.5 x)) (log1p (+ x (+ (hypot 1.0 x) -1.0)))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -7000.0) {
tmp = log((-0.5 / x));
} else {
tmp = log1p((x + (hypot(1.0, x) + -1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -7000.0) {
tmp = Math.log((-0.5 / x));
} else {
tmp = Math.log1p((x + (Math.hypot(1.0, x) + -1.0)));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -7000.0: tmp = math.log((-0.5 / x)) else: tmp = math.log1p((x + (math.hypot(1.0, x) + -1.0))) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -7000.0) tmp = log(Float64(-0.5 / x)); else tmp = log1p(Float64(x + Float64(hypot(1.0, x) + -1.0))); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -7000.0], N[Log[N[(-0.5 / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[Log[1 + N[(x + N[(N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + x ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -7000:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + -1\right)\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(if (<= x -1.3)
(log (/ -0.5 x))
(if (<= x 0.95)
(+ x (* (pow x 3.0) -0.16666666666666666))
(log (+ (* x 2.0) (* 0.5 (/ 1.0 x)))))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 0.95) {
tmp = x + (pow(x, 3.0) * -0.16666666666666666);
} else {
tmp = log(((x * 2.0) + (0.5 * (1.0 / x))));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.3d0)) then
tmp = log(((-0.5d0) / x))
else if (x <= 0.95d0) then
tmp = x + ((x ** 3.0d0) * (-0.16666666666666666d0))
else
tmp = log(((x * 2.0d0) + (0.5d0 * (1.0d0 / x))))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = Math.log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 0.95) {
tmp = x + (Math.pow(x, 3.0) * -0.16666666666666666);
} else {
tmp = Math.log(((x * 2.0) + (0.5 * (1.0 / x))));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.3: tmp = math.log((-0.5 / x)) elif x <= 0.95: tmp = x + (math.pow(x, 3.0) * -0.16666666666666666) else: tmp = math.log(((x * 2.0) + (0.5 * (1.0 / x)))) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log(Float64(-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 0.95) tmp = Float64(x + Float64((x ^ 3.0) * -0.16666666666666666)); else tmp = log(Float64(Float64(x * 2.0) + Float64(0.5 * Float64(1.0 / x)))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log((-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 0.95) tmp = x + ((x ^ 3.0) * -0.16666666666666666); else tmp = log(((x * 2.0) + (0.5 * (1.0 / x)))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.3], N[Log[N[(-0.5 / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 0.95], N[(x + N[(N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * -0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 * N[(1.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.3:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 0.95:\\
\;\;\;\;x + {x}^{3} \cdot -0.16666666666666666\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x \cdot 2 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(if (<= x -1.3)
(log (/ -0.5 x))
(if (<= x 1.25)
(+ x (* (pow x 3.0) -0.16666666666666666))
(log (* x 2.0)))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 1.25) {
tmp = x + (pow(x, 3.0) * -0.16666666666666666);
} else {
tmp = log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.3d0)) then
tmp = log(((-0.5d0) / x))
else if (x <= 1.25d0) then
tmp = x + ((x ** 3.0d0) * (-0.16666666666666666d0))
else
tmp = log((x * 2.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = Math.log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 1.25) {
tmp = x + (Math.pow(x, 3.0) * -0.16666666666666666);
} else {
tmp = Math.log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.3: tmp = math.log((-0.5 / x)) elif x <= 1.25: tmp = x + (math.pow(x, 3.0) * -0.16666666666666666) else: tmp = math.log((x * 2.0)) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log(Float64(-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 1.25) tmp = Float64(x + Float64((x ^ 3.0) * -0.16666666666666666)); else tmp = log(Float64(x * 2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log((-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 1.25) tmp = x + ((x ^ 3.0) * -0.16666666666666666); else tmp = log((x * 2.0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.3], N[Log[N[(-0.5 / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 1.25], N[(x + N[(N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * -0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.3:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.25:\\
\;\;\;\;x + {x}^{3} \cdot -0.16666666666666666\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x \cdot 2\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.3) (log (/ -0.5 x)) (if (<= x 1.25) x (log (* x 2.0)))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 1.25) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.3d0)) then
tmp = log(((-0.5d0) / x))
else if (x <= 1.25d0) then
tmp = x
else
tmp = log((x * 2.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.3) {
tmp = Math.log((-0.5 / x));
} else if (x <= 1.25) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = Math.log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.3: tmp = math.log((-0.5 / x)) elif x <= 1.25: tmp = x else: tmp = math.log((x * 2.0)) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log(Float64(-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 1.25) tmp = x; else tmp = log(Float64(x * 2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.3) tmp = log((-0.5 / x)); elseif (x <= 1.25) tmp = x; else tmp = log((x * 2.0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.3], N[Log[N[(-0.5 / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 1.25], x, N[Log[N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.3:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.25:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x \cdot 2\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.25) x (log (* x 2.0))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.25) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 1.25d0) then
tmp = x
else
tmp = log((x * 2.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.25) {
tmp = x;
} else {
tmp = Math.log((x * 2.0));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 1.25: tmp = x else: tmp = math.log((x * 2.0)) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.25) tmp = x; else tmp = log(Float64(x * 2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 1.25) tmp = x; else tmp = log((x * 2.0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.25], x, N[Log[N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.25:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x \cdot 2\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 x)
double code(double x) {
return x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x;
}
def code(x): return x
function code(x) return x end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x; end
code[x_] := x
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))) (if (< x 0.0) (log (/ -1.0 (- x t_0))) (log (+ x t_0)))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0));
double tmp;
if (x < 0.0) {
tmp = log((-1.0 / (x - t_0)));
} else {
tmp = log((x + t_0));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0d0))
if (x < 0.0d0) then
tmp = log(((-1.0d0) / (x - t_0)))
else
tmp = log((x + t_0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0));
double tmp;
if (x < 0.0) {
tmp = Math.log((-1.0 / (x - t_0)));
} else {
tmp = Math.log((x + t_0));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0)) tmp = 0 if x < 0.0: tmp = math.log((-1.0 / (x - t_0))) else: tmp = math.log((x + t_0)) return tmp
function code(x) t_0 = sqrt(Float64(Float64(x * x) + 1.0)) tmp = 0.0 if (x < 0.0) tmp = log(Float64(-1.0 / Float64(x - t_0))); else tmp = log(Float64(x + t_0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) t_0 = sqrt(((x * x) + 1.0)); tmp = 0.0; if (x < 0.0) tmp = log((-1.0 / (x - t_0))); else tmp = log((x + t_0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[x, 0.0], N[Log[N[(-1.0 / N[(x - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(x + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\\
\mathbf{if}\;x < 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{-1}{x - t_0}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x + t_0\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024006
(FPCore (x)
:name "Hyperbolic arcsine"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (< x 0.0) (log (/ -1.0 (- x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0))))) (log (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))))
(log (+ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))))