Falkner and Boettcher, Appendix A

Percentage Accurate: 90.5% → 98.9%
Time: 10.2s
Alternatives: 13
Speedup: 1.1×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* a (pow k m)) (+ (+ 1.0 (* 10.0 k)) (* k k))))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return (a * pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = (a * (k ** m)) / ((1.0d0 + (10.0d0 * k)) + (k * k))
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return (a * Math.pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
}
def code(a, k, m):
	return (a * math.pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k))
function code(a, k, m)
	return Float64(Float64(a * (k ^ m)) / Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(10.0 * k)) + Float64(k * k)))
end
function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = (a * (k ^ m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := N[(N[(a * N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(1.0 + N[(10.0 * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 13 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 90.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a k m)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* a (pow k m)) (+ (+ 1.0 (* 10.0 k)) (* k k))))
double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return (a * pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
}
real(8) function code(a, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = (a * (k ** m)) / ((1.0d0 + (10.0d0 * k)) + (k * k))
end function
public static double code(double a, double k, double m) {
	return (a * Math.pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
}
def code(a, k, m):
	return (a * math.pow(k, m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k))
function code(a, k, m)
	return Float64(Float64(a * (k ^ m)) / Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(10.0 * k)) + Float64(k * k)))
end
function tmp = code(a, k, m)
	tmp = (a * (k ^ m)) / ((1.0 + (10.0 * k)) + (k * k));
end
code[a_, k_, m_] := N[(N[(a * N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(1.0 + N[(10.0 * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{a \cdot {k}^{m}}{\left(1 + 10 \cdot k\right) + k \cdot k}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.9% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := a_m \cdot {k}^{m}\\ a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t_0}{\left(1 + k \cdot 10\right) + k \cdot k} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+228}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{k}^{m}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)} \cdot \frac{a_m}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* a_m (pow k m))))
   (*
    a_s
    (if (<= (/ t_0 (+ (+ 1.0 (* k 10.0)) (* k k))) 5e+228)
      (* (/ (pow k m) (hypot 1.0 k)) (/ a_m (hypot 1.0 k)))
      t_0))))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double t_0 = a_m * pow(k, m);
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 / ((1.0 + (k * 10.0)) + (k * k))) <= 5e+228) {
		tmp = (pow(k, m) / hypot(1.0, k)) * (a_m / hypot(1.0, k));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double t_0 = a_m * Math.pow(k, m);
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 / ((1.0 + (k * 10.0)) + (k * k))) <= 5e+228) {
		tmp = (Math.pow(k, m) / Math.hypot(1.0, k)) * (a_m / Math.hypot(1.0, k));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	t_0 = a_m * math.pow(k, m)
	tmp = 0
	if (t_0 / ((1.0 + (k * 10.0)) + (k * k))) <= 5e+228:
		tmp = (math.pow(k, m) / math.hypot(1.0, k)) * (a_m / math.hypot(1.0, k))
	else:
		tmp = t_0
	return a_s * tmp
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	t_0 = Float64(a_m * (k ^ m))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_0 / Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * 10.0)) + Float64(k * k))) <= 5e+228)
		tmp = Float64(Float64((k ^ m) / hypot(1.0, k)) * Float64(a_m / hypot(1.0, k)));
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return Float64(a_s * tmp)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	t_0 = a_m * (k ^ m);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_0 / ((1.0 + (k * 10.0)) + (k * k))) <= 5e+228)
		tmp = ((k ^ m) / hypot(1.0, k)) * (a_m / hypot(1.0, k));
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = a_s * tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a$95$m * N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(a$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$0 / N[(N[(1.0 + N[(k * 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 5e+228], N[(N[(N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + k ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a$95$m / N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + k ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a_m \cdot {k}^{m}\\
a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{t_0}{\left(1 + k \cdot 10\right) + k \cdot k} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+228}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{{k}^{m}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)} \cdot \frac{a_m}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 97.7% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := a_m \cdot {k}^{m}\\ t_1 := \frac{t_0}{\left(1 + k \cdot 10\right) + k \cdot k}\\ a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+228}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* a_m (pow k m))) (t_1 (/ t_0 (+ (+ 1.0 (* k 10.0)) (* k k)))))
   (* a_s (if (<= t_1 5e+228) t_1 t_0))))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double t_0 = a_m * pow(k, m);
	double t_1 = t_0 / ((1.0 + (k * 10.0)) + (k * k));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= 5e+228) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0d0, a)
real(8) function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = a_m * (k ** m)
    t_1 = t_0 / ((1.0d0 + (k * 10.0d0)) + (k * k))
    if (t_1 <= 5d+228) then
        tmp = t_1
    else
        tmp = t_0
    end if
    code = a_s * tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double t_0 = a_m * Math.pow(k, m);
	double t_1 = t_0 / ((1.0 + (k * 10.0)) + (k * k));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= 5e+228) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	t_0 = a_m * math.pow(k, m)
	t_1 = t_0 / ((1.0 + (k * 10.0)) + (k * k))
	tmp = 0
	if t_1 <= 5e+228:
		tmp = t_1
	else:
		tmp = t_0
	return a_s * tmp
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	t_0 = Float64(a_m * (k ^ m))
	t_1 = Float64(t_0 / Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * 10.0)) + Float64(k * k)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= 5e+228)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return Float64(a_s * tmp)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	t_0 = a_m * (k ^ m);
	t_1 = t_0 / ((1.0 + (k * 10.0)) + (k * k));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_1 <= 5e+228)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = a_s * tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a$95$m * N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(t$95$0 / N[(N[(1.0 + N[(k * 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(a$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 5e+228], t$95$1, t$95$0]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a_m \cdot {k}^{m}\\
t_1 := \frac{t_0}{\left(1 + k \cdot 10\right) + k \cdot k}\\
a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+228}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_1\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 96.8% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 0.8:\\ \;\;\;\;a_m \cdot {k}^{m}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{k}^{m}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)} \cdot \frac{a_m}{k}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  a_s
  (if (<= k 0.8) (* a_m (pow k m)) (* (/ (pow k m) (hypot 1.0 k)) (/ a_m k)))))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 0.8) {
		tmp = a_m * pow(k, m);
	} else {
		tmp = (pow(k, m) / hypot(1.0, k)) * (a_m / k);
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 0.8) {
		tmp = a_m * Math.pow(k, m);
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.pow(k, m) / Math.hypot(1.0, k)) * (a_m / k);
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if k <= 0.8:
		tmp = a_m * math.pow(k, m)
	else:
		tmp = (math.pow(k, m) / math.hypot(1.0, k)) * (a_m / k)
	return a_s * tmp
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 0.8)
		tmp = Float64(a_m * (k ^ m));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64((k ^ m) / hypot(1.0, k)) * Float64(a_m / k));
	end
	return Float64(a_s * tmp)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (k <= 0.8)
		tmp = a_m * (k ^ m);
	else
		tmp = ((k ^ m) / hypot(1.0, k)) * (a_m / k);
	end
	tmp_2 = a_s * tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := N[(a$95$s * If[LessEqual[k, 0.8], N[(a$95$m * N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + k ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a$95$m / k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;k \leq 0.8:\\
\;\;\;\;a_m \cdot {k}^{m}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{{k}^{m}}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, k\right)} \cdot \frac{a_m}{k}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 97.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 3.4:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{\frac{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}{{k}^{m}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a_m \cdot {k}^{m}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  a_s
  (if (<= m 3.4)
    (/ a_m (/ (+ 1.0 (* k (+ k 10.0))) (pow k m)))
    (* a_m (pow k m)))))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 3.4) {
		tmp = a_m / ((1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))) / pow(k, m));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * pow(k, m);
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0d0, a)
real(8) function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= 3.4d0) then
        tmp = a_m / ((1.0d0 + (k * (k + 10.0d0))) / (k ** m))
    else
        tmp = a_m * (k ** m)
    end if
    code = a_s * tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 3.4) {
		tmp = a_m / ((1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))) / Math.pow(k, m));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * Math.pow(k, m);
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 3.4:
		tmp = a_m / ((1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))) / math.pow(k, m))
	else:
		tmp = a_m * math.pow(k, m)
	return a_s * tmp
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 3.4)
		tmp = Float64(a_m / Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * Float64(k + 10.0))) / (k ^ m)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m * (k ^ m));
	end
	return Float64(a_s * tmp)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 3.4)
		tmp = a_m / ((1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))) / (k ^ m));
	else
		tmp = a_m * (k ^ m);
	end
	tmp_2 = a_s * tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := N[(a$95$s * If[LessEqual[m, 3.4], N[(a$95$m / N[(N[(1.0 + N[(k * N[(k + 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq 3.4:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{\frac{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}{{k}^{m}}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a_m \cdot {k}^{m}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 96.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := a_m \cdot {k}^{m}\\ a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 2.7:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t_0}{1 + k \cdot k}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* a_m (pow k m))))
   (* a_s (if (<= m 2.7) (/ t_0 (+ 1.0 (* k k))) t_0))))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double t_0 = a_m * pow(k, m);
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 2.7) {
		tmp = t_0 / (1.0 + (k * k));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0d0, a)
real(8) function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = a_m * (k ** m)
    if (m <= 2.7d0) then
        tmp = t_0 / (1.0d0 + (k * k))
    else
        tmp = t_0
    end if
    code = a_s * tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double t_0 = a_m * Math.pow(k, m);
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 2.7) {
		tmp = t_0 / (1.0 + (k * k));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	t_0 = a_m * math.pow(k, m)
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 2.7:
		tmp = t_0 / (1.0 + (k * k))
	else:
		tmp = t_0
	return a_s * tmp
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	t_0 = Float64(a_m * (k ^ m))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 2.7)
		tmp = Float64(t_0 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * k)));
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return Float64(a_s * tmp)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	t_0 = a_m * (k ^ m);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 2.7)
		tmp = t_0 / (1.0 + (k * k));
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = a_s * tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a$95$m * N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(a$95$s * If[LessEqual[m, 2.7], N[(t$95$0 / N[(1.0 + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a_m \cdot {k}^{m}\\
a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq 2.7:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{t_0}{1 + k \cdot k}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
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  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 97.0% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq -0.00055 \lor \neg \left(m \leq 0.19\right):\\ \;\;\;\;a_m \cdot {k}^{m}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a_m \cdot \frac{1}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  a_s
  (if (or (<= m -0.00055) (not (<= m 0.19)))
    (* a_m (pow k m))
    (* a_m (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (* k (+ k 10.0))))))))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((m <= -0.00055) || !(m <= 0.19)) {
		tmp = a_m * pow(k, m);
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * (1.0 / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))));
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0d0, a)
real(8) function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((m <= (-0.00055d0)) .or. (.not. (m <= 0.19d0))) then
        tmp = a_m * (k ** m)
    else
        tmp = a_m * (1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + (k * (k + 10.0d0))))
    end if
    code = a_s * tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((m <= -0.00055) || !(m <= 0.19)) {
		tmp = a_m * Math.pow(k, m);
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * (1.0 / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))));
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if (m <= -0.00055) or not (m <= 0.19):
		tmp = a_m * math.pow(k, m)
	else:
		tmp = a_m * (1.0 / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))))
	return a_s * tmp
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((m <= -0.00055) || !(m <= 0.19))
		tmp = Float64(a_m * (k ^ m));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m * Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * Float64(k + 10.0)))));
	end
	return Float64(a_s * tmp)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((m <= -0.00055) || ~((m <= 0.19)))
		tmp = a_m * (k ^ m);
	else
		tmp = a_m * (1.0 / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))));
	end
	tmp_2 = a_s * tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := N[(a$95$s * If[Or[LessEqual[m, -0.00055], N[Not[LessEqual[m, 0.19]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(a$95$m * N[Power[k, m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[(k * N[(k + 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq -0.00055 \lor \neg \left(m \leq 0.19\right):\\
\;\;\;\;a_m \cdot {k}^{m}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a_m \cdot \frac{1}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
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  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 47.0% accurate, 8.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.8:\\ \;\;\;\;a_m \cdot \frac{1}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a_m - k \cdot \left(a_m \cdot -10\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  a_s
  (if (<= m 1.8)
    (* a_m (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (* k (+ k 10.0)))))
    (- a_m (* k (* a_m -10.0))))))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.8) {
		tmp = a_m * (1.0 / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0));
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0d0, a)
real(8) function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= 1.8d0) then
        tmp = a_m * (1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + (k * (k + 10.0d0))))
    else
        tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * (-10.0d0)))
    end if
    code = a_s * tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.8) {
		tmp = a_m * (1.0 / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0));
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 1.8:
		tmp = a_m * (1.0 / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))))
	else:
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0))
	return a_s * tmp
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 1.8)
		tmp = Float64(a_m * Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * Float64(k + 10.0)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m - Float64(k * Float64(a_m * -10.0)));
	end
	return Float64(a_s * tmp)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 1.8)
		tmp = a_m * (1.0 / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0))));
	else
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = a_s * tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := N[(a$95$s * If[LessEqual[m, 1.8], N[(a$95$m * N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[(k * N[(k + 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m - N[(k * N[(a$95$m * -10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.8:\\
\;\;\;\;a_m \cdot \frac{1}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a_m - k \cdot \left(a_m \cdot -10\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 33.0% accurate, 10.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq -0.102:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{k} \cdot 0.1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;m \leq 1.9:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{1 + k \cdot 10}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a_m - k \cdot \left(a_m \cdot -10\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  a_s
  (if (<= m -0.102)
    (* (/ a_m k) 0.1)
    (if (<= m 1.9) (/ a_m (+ 1.0 (* k 10.0))) (- a_m (* k (* a_m -10.0)))))))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= -0.102) {
		tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1;
	} else if (m <= 1.9) {
		tmp = a_m / (1.0 + (k * 10.0));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0));
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0d0, a)
real(8) function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= (-0.102d0)) then
        tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1d0
    else if (m <= 1.9d0) then
        tmp = a_m / (1.0d0 + (k * 10.0d0))
    else
        tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * (-10.0d0)))
    end if
    code = a_s * tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= -0.102) {
		tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1;
	} else if (m <= 1.9) {
		tmp = a_m / (1.0 + (k * 10.0));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0));
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= -0.102:
		tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1
	elif m <= 1.9:
		tmp = a_m / (1.0 + (k * 10.0))
	else:
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0))
	return a_s * tmp
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= -0.102)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(a_m / k) * 0.1);
	elseif (m <= 1.9)
		tmp = Float64(a_m / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * 10.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m - Float64(k * Float64(a_m * -10.0)));
	end
	return Float64(a_s * tmp)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= -0.102)
		tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1;
	elseif (m <= 1.9)
		tmp = a_m / (1.0 + (k * 10.0));
	else
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = a_s * tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := N[(a$95$s * If[LessEqual[m, -0.102], N[(N[(a$95$m / k), $MachinePrecision] * 0.1), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[m, 1.9], N[(a$95$m / N[(1.0 + N[(k * 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m - N[(k * N[(a$95$m * -10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq -0.102:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{k} \cdot 0.1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;m \leq 1.9:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{1 + k \cdot 10}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a_m - k \cdot \left(a_m \cdot -10\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 47.0% accurate, 10.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.75:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a_m - k \cdot \left(a_m \cdot -10\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  a_s
  (if (<= m 1.75)
    (/ a_m (+ 1.0 (* k (+ k 10.0))))
    (- a_m (* k (* a_m -10.0))))))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.75) {
		tmp = a_m / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0));
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0d0, a)
real(8) function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= 1.75d0) then
        tmp = a_m / (1.0d0 + (k * (k + 10.0d0)))
    else
        tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * (-10.0d0)))
    end if
    code = a_s * tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.75) {
		tmp = a_m / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0));
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 1.75:
		tmp = a_m / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)))
	else:
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0))
	return a_s * tmp
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 1.75)
		tmp = Float64(a_m / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * Float64(k + 10.0))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m - Float64(k * Float64(a_m * -10.0)));
	end
	return Float64(a_s * tmp)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 1.75)
		tmp = a_m / (1.0 + (k * (k + 10.0)));
	else
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = a_s * tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := N[(a$95$s * If[LessEqual[m, 1.75], N[(a$95$m / N[(1.0 + N[(k * N[(k + 10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m - N[(k * N[(a$95$m * -10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.75:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{1 + k \cdot \left(k + 10\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a_m - k \cdot \left(a_m \cdot -10\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 29.0% accurate, 12.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 0.075:\\ \;\;\;\;a_m + -10 \cdot \left(a_m \cdot k\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{k} \cdot 0.1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m)
 :precision binary64
 (* a_s (if (<= k 0.075) (+ a_m (* -10.0 (* a_m k))) (* (/ a_m k) 0.1))))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 0.075) {
		tmp = a_m + (-10.0 * (a_m * k));
	} else {
		tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1;
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0d0, a)
real(8) function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (k <= 0.075d0) then
        tmp = a_m + ((-10.0d0) * (a_m * k))
    else
        tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1d0
    end if
    code = a_s * tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 0.075) {
		tmp = a_m + (-10.0 * (a_m * k));
	} else {
		tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1;
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if k <= 0.075:
		tmp = a_m + (-10.0 * (a_m * k))
	else:
		tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1
	return a_s * tmp
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 0.075)
		tmp = Float64(a_m + Float64(-10.0 * Float64(a_m * k)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(a_m / k) * 0.1);
	end
	return Float64(a_s * tmp)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (k <= 0.075)
		tmp = a_m + (-10.0 * (a_m * k));
	else
		tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1;
	end
	tmp_2 = a_s * tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := N[(a$95$s * If[LessEqual[k, 0.075], N[(a$95$m + N[(-10.0 * N[(a$95$m * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(a$95$m / k), $MachinePrecision] * 0.1), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;k \leq 0.075:\\
\;\;\;\;a_m + -10 \cdot \left(a_m \cdot k\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{k} \cdot 0.1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 46.1% accurate, 12.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.8:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{1 + k \cdot k}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a_m - k \cdot \left(a_m \cdot -10\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m)
 :precision binary64
 (* a_s (if (<= m 1.8) (/ a_m (+ 1.0 (* k k))) (- a_m (* k (* a_m -10.0))))))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.8) {
		tmp = a_m / (1.0 + (k * k));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0));
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0d0, a)
real(8) function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= 1.8d0) then
        tmp = a_m / (1.0d0 + (k * k))
    else
        tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * (-10.0d0)))
    end if
    code = a_s * tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= 1.8) {
		tmp = a_m / (1.0 + (k * k));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0));
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= 1.8:
		tmp = a_m / (1.0 + (k * k))
	else:
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0))
	return a_s * tmp
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= 1.8)
		tmp = Float64(a_m / Float64(1.0 + Float64(k * k)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m - Float64(k * Float64(a_m * -10.0)));
	end
	return Float64(a_s * tmp)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= 1.8)
		tmp = a_m / (1.0 + (k * k));
	else
		tmp = a_m - (k * (a_m * -10.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = a_s * tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := N[(a$95$s * If[LessEqual[m, 1.8], N[(a$95$m / N[(1.0 + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m - N[(k * N[(a$95$m * -10.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq 1.8:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{1 + k \cdot k}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a_m - k \cdot \left(a_m \cdot -10\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 27.1% accurate, 16.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 0.1:\\ \;\;\;\;a_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{k} \cdot 0.1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m)
 :precision binary64
 (* a_s (if (<= k 0.1) a_m (* (/ a_m k) 0.1))))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 0.1) {
		tmp = a_m;
	} else {
		tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1;
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0d0, a)
real(8) function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (k <= 0.1d0) then
        tmp = a_m
    else
        tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1d0
    end if
    code = a_s * tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 0.1) {
		tmp = a_m;
	} else {
		tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1;
	}
	return a_s * tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	tmp = 0
	if k <= 0.1:
		tmp = a_m
	else:
		tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1
	return a_s * tmp
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 0.1)
		tmp = a_m;
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(a_m / k) * 0.1);
	end
	return Float64(a_s * tmp)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (k <= 0.1)
		tmp = a_m;
	else
		tmp = (a_m / k) * 0.1;
	end
	tmp_2 = a_s * tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := N[(a$95$s * If[LessEqual[k, 0.1], a$95$m, N[(N[(a$95$m / k), $MachinePrecision] * 0.1), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
a_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;k \leq 0.1:\\
\;\;\;\;a_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{a_m}{k} \cdot 0.1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 13: 20.4% accurate, 114.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right) \\ a_s \cdot a_m \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
a_s = (copysign.f64 1 a)
(FPCore (a_s a_m k m) :precision binary64 (* a_s a_m))
a_m = fabs(a);
a_s = copysign(1.0, a);
double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	return a_s * a_m;
}
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0d0, a)
real(8) function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    code = a_s * a_m
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
a_s = Math.copySign(1.0, a);
public static double code(double a_s, double a_m, double k, double m) {
	return a_s * a_m;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
a_s = math.copysign(1.0, a)
def code(a_s, a_m, k, m):
	return a_s * a_m
a_m = abs(a)
a_s = copysign(1.0, a)
function code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	return Float64(a_s * a_m)
end
a_m = abs(a);
a_s = sign(a) * abs(1.0);
function tmp = code(a_s, a_m, k, m)
	tmp = a_s * a_m;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
a_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[a]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$s_, a$95$m_, k_, m_] := N[(a$95$s * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
a_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, a\right)

\\
a_s \cdot a_m
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024005 
(FPCore (a k m)
  :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Appendix A"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (* a (pow k m)) (+ (+ 1.0 (* 10.0 k)) (* k k))))