
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) - sqrt(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - Math.sqrt(x);
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - math.sqrt(x)
function code(x) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{x + 1} - \sqrt{x}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) - sqrt(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - Math.sqrt(x);
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - math.sqrt(x)
function code(x) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{x + 1} - \sqrt{x}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ (pow (+ 1.0 x) 0.5) (sqrt x))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (pow((1.0 + x), 0.5) + sqrt(x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 / (((1.0d0 + x) ** 0.5d0) + sqrt(x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (Math.pow((1.0 + x), 0.5) + Math.sqrt(x));
}
def code(x): return 1.0 / (math.pow((1.0 + x), 0.5) + math.sqrt(x))
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 / Float64((Float64(1.0 + x) ^ 0.5) + sqrt(x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 / (((1.0 + x) ^ 0.5) + sqrt(x)); end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[Power[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{{\left(1 + x\right)}^{0.5} + \sqrt{x}}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt x)))) (if (<= t_0 4e-5) (* 0.5 (pow x -0.5)) t_0)))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 4e-5) {
tmp = 0.5 * pow(x, -0.5);
} else {
tmp = t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) - sqrt(x)
if (t_0 <= 4d-5) then
tmp = 0.5d0 * (x ** (-0.5d0))
else
tmp = t_0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - Math.sqrt(x);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 4e-5) {
tmp = 0.5 * Math.pow(x, -0.5);
} else {
tmp = t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - math.sqrt(x) tmp = 0 if t_0 <= 4e-5: tmp = 0.5 * math.pow(x, -0.5) else: tmp = t_0 return tmp
function code(x) t_0 = Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x)) tmp = 0.0 if (t_0 <= 4e-5) tmp = Float64(0.5 * (x ^ -0.5)); else tmp = t_0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) t_0 = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x); tmp = 0.0; if (t_0 <= 4e-5) tmp = 0.5 * (x ^ -0.5); else tmp = t_0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 4e-5], N[(0.5 * N[Power[x, -0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot {x}^{-0.5}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ (sqrt x) (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (sqrt(x) + sqrt((1.0 + x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 / (sqrt(x) + sqrt((1.0d0 + x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (Math.sqrt(x) + Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)));
}
def code(x): return 1.0 / (math.sqrt(x) + math.sqrt((1.0 + x)))
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(x) + sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt(x) + sqrt((1.0 + x))); end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{1 + x}}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.2) (+ (+ (* x (* x -0.125)) (* x 0.5)) (- 1.0 (sqrt x))) (* 0.5 (pow x -0.5))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.2) {
tmp = ((x * (x * -0.125)) + (x * 0.5)) + (1.0 - sqrt(x));
} else {
tmp = 0.5 * pow(x, -0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 1.2d0) then
tmp = ((x * (x * (-0.125d0))) + (x * 0.5d0)) + (1.0d0 - sqrt(x))
else
tmp = 0.5d0 * (x ** (-0.5d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.2) {
tmp = ((x * (x * -0.125)) + (x * 0.5)) + (1.0 - Math.sqrt(x));
} else {
tmp = 0.5 * Math.pow(x, -0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 1.2: tmp = ((x * (x * -0.125)) + (x * 0.5)) + (1.0 - math.sqrt(x)) else: tmp = 0.5 * math.pow(x, -0.5) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.2) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * Float64(x * -0.125)) + Float64(x * 0.5)) + Float64(1.0 - sqrt(x))); else tmp = Float64(0.5 * (x ^ -0.5)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 1.2) tmp = ((x * (x * -0.125)) + (x * 0.5)) + (1.0 - sqrt(x)); else tmp = 0.5 * (x ^ -0.5); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.2], N[(N[(N[(x * N[(x * -0.125), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Power[x, -0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.2:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot -0.125\right) + x \cdot 0.5\right) + \left(1 - \sqrt{x}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot {x}^{-0.5}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.2) (- (+ 1.0 (* x (+ 0.5 (* x -0.125)))) (sqrt x)) (* 0.5 (pow x -0.5))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.2) {
tmp = (1.0 + (x * (0.5 + (x * -0.125)))) - sqrt(x);
} else {
tmp = 0.5 * pow(x, -0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 1.2d0) then
tmp = (1.0d0 + (x * (0.5d0 + (x * (-0.125d0))))) - sqrt(x)
else
tmp = 0.5d0 * (x ** (-0.5d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.2) {
tmp = (1.0 + (x * (0.5 + (x * -0.125)))) - Math.sqrt(x);
} else {
tmp = 0.5 * Math.pow(x, -0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 1.2: tmp = (1.0 + (x * (0.5 + (x * -0.125)))) - math.sqrt(x) else: tmp = 0.5 * math.pow(x, -0.5) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.2) tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(x * Float64(0.5 + Float64(x * -0.125)))) - sqrt(x)); else tmp = Float64(0.5 * (x ^ -0.5)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 1.2) tmp = (1.0 + (x * (0.5 + (x * -0.125)))) - sqrt(x); else tmp = 0.5 * (x ^ -0.5); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.2], N[(N[(1.0 + N[(x * N[(0.5 + N[(x * -0.125), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Power[x, -0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.2:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(1 + x \cdot \left(0.5 + x \cdot -0.125\right)\right) - \sqrt{x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot {x}^{-0.5}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.0) (+ 1.0 (- (* x 0.5) (sqrt x))) (* 0.5 (pow x -0.5))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = 1.0 + ((x * 0.5) - sqrt(x));
} else {
tmp = 0.5 * pow(x, -0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 1.0d0) then
tmp = 1.0d0 + ((x * 0.5d0) - sqrt(x))
else
tmp = 0.5d0 * (x ** (-0.5d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = 1.0 + ((x * 0.5) - Math.sqrt(x));
} else {
tmp = 0.5 * Math.pow(x, -0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 1.0: tmp = 1.0 + ((x * 0.5) - math.sqrt(x)) else: tmp = 0.5 * math.pow(x, -0.5) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.0) tmp = Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(x * 0.5) - sqrt(x))); else tmp = Float64(0.5 * (x ^ -0.5)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 1.0) tmp = 1.0 + ((x * 0.5) - sqrt(x)); else tmp = 0.5 * (x ^ -0.5); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.0], N[(1.0 + N[(N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Power[x, -0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\
\;\;\;\;1 + \left(x \cdot 0.5 - \sqrt{x}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot {x}^{-0.5}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.0) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (sqrt x))) (* 0.5 (pow x -0.5))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = 1.0 / (1.0 + sqrt(x));
} else {
tmp = 0.5 * pow(x, -0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 1.0d0) then
tmp = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + sqrt(x))
else
tmp = 0.5d0 * (x ** (-0.5d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.0) {
tmp = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.sqrt(x));
} else {
tmp = 0.5 * Math.pow(x, -0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 1.0: tmp = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.sqrt(x)) else: tmp = 0.5 * math.pow(x, -0.5) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.0) tmp = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + sqrt(x))); else tmp = Float64(0.5 * (x ^ -0.5)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 1.0) tmp = 1.0 / (1.0 + sqrt(x)); else tmp = 0.5 * (x ^ -0.5); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.0], N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Power[x, -0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{x}}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot {x}^{-0.5}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 0.25) 1.0 (* 0.5 (pow x -0.5))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 0.25) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else {
tmp = 0.5 * pow(x, -0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 0.25d0) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else
tmp = 0.5d0 * (x ** (-0.5d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 0.25) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else {
tmp = 0.5 * Math.pow(x, -0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 0.25: tmp = 1.0 else: tmp = 0.5 * math.pow(x, -0.5) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 0.25) tmp = 1.0; else tmp = Float64(0.5 * (x ^ -0.5)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 0.25) tmp = 1.0; else tmp = 0.5 * (x ^ -0.5); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 0.25], 1.0, N[(0.5 * N[Power[x, -0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 0.25:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot {x}^{-0.5}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 1.0)
double code(double x) {
return 1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0;
}
def code(x): return 1.0
function code(x) return 1.0 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0; end
code[x_] := 1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 66000000.0) (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt x)) (/ 1.0 (+ (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 66000000.0) {
tmp = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt((x + 1.0)) + sqrt(x));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 66000000.0d0) then
tmp = sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) - sqrt(x)
else
tmp = 1.0d0 / (sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) + sqrt(x))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 66000000.0) {
tmp = Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - Math.sqrt(x);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 / (Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) + Math.sqrt(x));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 66000000.0: tmp = math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - math.sqrt(x) else: tmp = 1.0 / (math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) + math.sqrt(x)) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 66000000.0) tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x)); else tmp = Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) + sqrt(x))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 66000000.0) tmp = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x); else tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt((x + 1.0)) + sqrt(x)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 66000000.0], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 66000000:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{x}}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024003
(FPCore (x)
:name "2sqrt (example 3.1)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (<= x 66000000.0) (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt x)) (/ 1.0 (+ (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x))))
(- (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))