
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(if (<= (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b) (* a 2.0)) -30.0)
(/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* c (* a -4.0)))) b) (* a 2.0))
(+
(* -2.0 (/ (* (pow a 2.0) (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0)))
(-
(-
(* -0.25 (* (/ (pow (* a c) 4.0) a) (/ 20.0 (pow b 7.0))))
(* (pow (/ c b) 2.0) (/ a b)))
(/ c b)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (((sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / (a * 2.0)) <= -30.0) {
tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (c * (a * -4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
} else {
tmp = (-2.0 * ((pow(a, 2.0) * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) + (((-0.25 * ((pow((a * c), 4.0) / a) * (20.0 / pow(b, 7.0)))) - (pow((c / b), 2.0) * (a / b))) - (c / b));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)) <= -30.0) tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(c * Float64(a * -4.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) + Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.25 * Float64(Float64((Float64(a * c) ^ 4.0) / a) * Float64(20.0 / (b ^ 7.0)))) - Float64((Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0) * Float64(a / b))) - Float64(c / b))); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -30.0], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(c * N[(a * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(-0.25 * N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(20.0 / N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}{a \cdot 2} \leq -30:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} + \left(\left(-0.25 \cdot \left(\frac{{\left(a \cdot c\right)}^{4}}{a} \cdot \frac{20}{{b}^{7}}\right) - {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right) - \frac{c}{b}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(if (<= (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b) (* a 2.0)) -0.01)
(/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* c (* a -4.0)))) b) (* a 2.0))
(-
(* -2.0 (/ (* (pow a 2.0) (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0)))
(+ (/ c b) (* (pow (/ c b) 2.0) (/ a b))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (((sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / (a * 2.0)) <= -0.01) {
tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (c * (a * -4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
} else {
tmp = (-2.0 * ((pow(a, 2.0) * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0))) - ((c / b) + (pow((c / b), 2.0) * (a / b)));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)) <= -0.01) tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(c * Float64(a * -4.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0))) - Float64(Float64(c / b) + Float64((Float64(c / b) ^ 2.0) * Float64(a / b)))); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.01], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(c * N[(a * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}{a \cdot 2} \leq -0.01:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \left(\frac{c}{b} + {\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (if (<= (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b) (* a 2.0)) -0.01) (/ (- (sqrt (fma a (* c -4.0) (* b b))) b) (* a 2.0)) (- (/ (- a) (* b (pow (/ b c) 2.0))) (/ c b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (((sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / (a * 2.0)) <= -0.01) {
tmp = (sqrt(fma(a, (c * -4.0), (b * b))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
} else {
tmp = (-a / (b * pow((b / c), 2.0))) - (c / b);
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)) <= -0.01) tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(a, Float64(c * -4.0), Float64(b * b))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-a) / Float64(b * (Float64(b / c) ^ 2.0))) - Float64(c / b)); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.01], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(a * N[(c * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[((-a) / N[(b * N[Power[N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}{a \cdot 2} \leq -0.01:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-a}{b \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{c}\right)}^{2}} - \frac{c}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (if (<= (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b) (* a 2.0)) -0.01) (/ (- (sqrt (fma b b (* c (* a -4.0)))) b) (* a 2.0)) (- (/ (- a) (* b (pow (/ b c) 2.0))) (/ c b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (((sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / (a * 2.0)) <= -0.01) {
tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, (c * (a * -4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
} else {
tmp = (-a / (b * pow((b / c), 2.0))) - (c / b);
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)) <= -0.01) tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(c * Float64(a * -4.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-a) / Float64(b * (Float64(b / c) ^ 2.0))) - Float64(c / b)); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.01], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(c * N[(a * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[((-a) / N[(b * N[Power[N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}{a \cdot 2} \leq -0.01:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-a}{b \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{c}\right)}^{2}} - \frac{c}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b) (* a 2.0)))) (if (<= t_0 -0.01) t_0 (- (/ (- a) (* b (pow (/ b c) 2.0))) (/ c b)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = (sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= -0.01) {
tmp = t_0;
} else {
tmp = (-a / (b * pow((b / c), 2.0))) - (c / b);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = (sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c))) - b) / (a * 2.0d0)
if (t_0 <= (-0.01d0)) then
tmp = t_0
else
tmp = (-a / (b * ((b / c) ** 2.0d0))) - (c / b)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = (Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= -0.01) {
tmp = t_0;
} else {
tmp = (-a / (b * Math.pow((b / c), 2.0))) - (c / b);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): t_0 = (math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / (a * 2.0) tmp = 0 if t_0 <= -0.01: tmp = t_0 else: tmp = (-a / (b * math.pow((b / c), 2.0))) - (c / b) return tmp
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)) tmp = 0.0 if (t_0 <= -0.01) tmp = t_0; else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-a) / Float64(b * (Float64(b / c) ^ 2.0))) - Float64(c / b)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) t_0 = (sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / (a * 2.0); tmp = 0.0; if (t_0 <= -0.01) tmp = t_0; else tmp = (-a / (b * ((b / c) ^ 2.0))) - (c / b); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, -0.01], t$95$0, N[(N[((-a) / N[(b * N[Power[N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq -0.01:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-a}{b \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{c}\right)}^{2}} - \frac{c}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (- (/ (- a) (* b (pow (/ b c) 2.0))) (/ c b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-a / (b * pow((b / c), 2.0))) - (c / b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-a / (b * ((b / c) ** 2.0d0))) - (c / b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-a / (b * Math.pow((b / c), 2.0))) - (c / b);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-a / (b * math.pow((b / c), 2.0))) - (c / b)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-a) / Float64(b * (Float64(b / c) ^ 2.0))) - Float64(c / b)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-a / (b * ((b / c) ^ 2.0))) - (c / b); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-a) / N[(b * N[Power[N[(b / c), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-a}{b \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{c}\right)}^{2}} - \frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- c) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -c / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = -c / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return -c / b;
}
def code(a, b, c): return -c / b
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-c) / b) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = -c / b; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-c}{b}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023364
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, narrow range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 a) (< a 94906265.62425156)) (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 b) (< b 94906265.62425156))) (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 c) (< c 94906265.62425156)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))