Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (9a)

Percentage Accurate: 80.2% → 87.6%
Time: 15.2s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ w0 \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (w0 M D h l d)
 :precision binary64
 (* w0 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2.0 d)) 2.0) (/ h l))))))
double code(double w0, double M, double D, double h, double l, double d) {
	return w0 * sqrt((1.0 - (pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0) * (h / l))));
}
real(8) function code(w0, m, d, h, l, d_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: w0
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    code = w0 * sqrt((1.0d0 - ((((m * d) / (2.0d0 * d_1)) ** 2.0d0) * (h / l))))
end function
public static double code(double w0, double M, double D, double h, double l, double d) {
	return w0 * Math.sqrt((1.0 - (Math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0) * (h / l))));
}
def code(w0, M, D, h, l, d):
	return w0 * math.sqrt((1.0 - (math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0) * (h / l))))
function code(w0, M, D, h, l, d)
	return Float64(w0 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 - Float64((Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0) * Float64(h / l)))))
end
function tmp = code(w0, M, D, h, l, d)
	tmp = w0 * sqrt((1.0 - ((((M * D) / (2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0) * (h / l))));
end
code[w0_, M_, D_, h_, l_, d_] := N[(w0 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - N[(N[Power[N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(h / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
w0 \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 80.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ w0 \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (w0 M D h l d)
 :precision binary64
 (* w0 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2.0 d)) 2.0) (/ h l))))))
double code(double w0, double M, double D, double h, double l, double d) {
	return w0 * sqrt((1.0 - (pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0) * (h / l))));
}
real(8) function code(w0, m, d, h, l, d_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: w0
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    code = w0 * sqrt((1.0d0 - ((((m * d) / (2.0d0 * d_1)) ** 2.0d0) * (h / l))))
end function
public static double code(double w0, double M, double D, double h, double l, double d) {
	return w0 * Math.sqrt((1.0 - (Math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0) * (h / l))));
}
def code(w0, M, D, h, l, d):
	return w0 * math.sqrt((1.0 - (math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0) * (h / l))))
function code(w0, M, D, h, l, d)
	return Float64(w0 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 - Float64((Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0) * Float64(h / l)))))
end
function tmp = code(w0, M, D, h, l, d)
	tmp = w0 * sqrt((1.0 - ((((M * D) / (2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0) * (h / l))));
end
code[w0_, M_, D_, h_, l_, d_] := N[(w0 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - N[(N[Power[N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(h / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
w0 \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 87.6% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} M_m = \left|M\right| \\ D_m = \left|D\right| \\ d_m = \left|d\right| \\ w0_m = \left|w0\right| \\ w0_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, w0\right) \\ [w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = \mathsf{sort}([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])\\ \\ w0_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{M_m \cdot D_m}{2 \cdot d_m} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+162}:\\ \;\;\;\;w0_m \cdot \sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{h \cdot {\left(\frac{M_m}{d_m} \cdot \frac{D_m}{2}\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt[3]{\ell}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\sqrt{w0_m} \cdot e^{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(\log \left(0.25 \cdot \frac{h \cdot \left(-{M_m}^{2}\right)}{\ell}\right) + -2 \cdot \log d_m\right) + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{D_m}\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
M_m = (fabs.f64 M)
D_m = (fabs.f64 D)
d_m = (fabs.f64 d)
w0_m = (fabs.f64 w0)
w0_s = (copysign.f64 1 w0)
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (w0_s w0_m M_m D_m h l d_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  w0_s
  (if (<= (/ (* M_m D_m) (* 2.0 d_m)) 5e+162)
    (*
     w0_m
     (sqrt
      (-
       1.0
       (/
        (/ (* h (pow (* (/ M_m d_m) (/ D_m 2.0)) 2.0)) (pow (cbrt l) 2.0))
        (cbrt l)))))
    (pow
     (*
      (sqrt w0_m)
      (exp
       (*
        0.25
        (+
         (+ (log (* 0.25 (/ (* h (- (pow M_m 2.0))) l))) (* -2.0 (log d_m)))
         (* -2.0 (log (/ 1.0 D_m)))))))
     2.0))))
M_m = fabs(M);
D_m = fabs(D);
d_m = fabs(d);
w0_m = fabs(w0);
w0_s = copysign(1.0, w0);
assert(w0_m < M_m && M_m < D_m && D_m < h && h < l && l < d_m);
double code(double w0_s, double w0_m, double M_m, double D_m, double h, double l, double d_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (((M_m * D_m) / (2.0 * d_m)) <= 5e+162) {
		tmp = w0_m * sqrt((1.0 - (((h * pow(((M_m / d_m) * (D_m / 2.0)), 2.0)) / pow(cbrt(l), 2.0)) / cbrt(l))));
	} else {
		tmp = pow((sqrt(w0_m) * exp((0.25 * ((log((0.25 * ((h * -pow(M_m, 2.0)) / l))) + (-2.0 * log(d_m))) + (-2.0 * log((1.0 / D_m))))))), 2.0);
	}
	return w0_s * tmp;
}
M_m = Math.abs(M);
D_m = Math.abs(D);
d_m = Math.abs(d);
w0_m = Math.abs(w0);
w0_s = Math.copySign(1.0, w0);
assert w0_m < M_m && M_m < D_m && D_m < h && h < l && l < d_m;
public static double code(double w0_s, double w0_m, double M_m, double D_m, double h, double l, double d_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (((M_m * D_m) / (2.0 * d_m)) <= 5e+162) {
		tmp = w0_m * Math.sqrt((1.0 - (((h * Math.pow(((M_m / d_m) * (D_m / 2.0)), 2.0)) / Math.pow(Math.cbrt(l), 2.0)) / Math.cbrt(l))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.pow((Math.sqrt(w0_m) * Math.exp((0.25 * ((Math.log((0.25 * ((h * -Math.pow(M_m, 2.0)) / l))) + (-2.0 * Math.log(d_m))) + (-2.0 * Math.log((1.0 / D_m))))))), 2.0);
	}
	return w0_s * tmp;
}
M_m = abs(M)
D_m = abs(D)
d_m = abs(d)
w0_m = abs(w0)
w0_s = copysign(1.0, w0)
w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m = sort([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])
function code(w0_s, w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(M_m * D_m) / Float64(2.0 * d_m)) <= 5e+162)
		tmp = Float64(w0_m * sqrt(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Float64(h * (Float64(Float64(M_m / d_m) * Float64(D_m / 2.0)) ^ 2.0)) / (cbrt(l) ^ 2.0)) / cbrt(l)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(w0_m) * exp(Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(log(Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(h * Float64(-(M_m ^ 2.0))) / l))) + Float64(-2.0 * log(d_m))) + Float64(-2.0 * log(Float64(1.0 / D_m))))))) ^ 2.0;
	end
	return Float64(w0_s * tmp)
end
M_m = N[Abs[M], $MachinePrecision]
D_m = N[Abs[D], $MachinePrecision]
d_m = N[Abs[d], $MachinePrecision]
w0_m = N[Abs[w0], $MachinePrecision]
w0_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[w0]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[w0$95$s_, w0$95$m_, M$95$m_, D$95$m_, h_, l_, d$95$m_] := N[(w0$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(N[(M$95$m * D$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * d$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 5e+162], N[(w0$95$m * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(N[(h * N[Power[N[(N[(M$95$m / d$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D$95$m / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Power[l, 1/3], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[l, 1/3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Power[N[(N[Sqrt[w0$95$m], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[(0.25 * N[(N[(N[Log[N[(0.25 * N[(N[(h * (-N[Power[M$95$m, 2.0], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[Log[d$95$m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[Log[N[(1.0 / D$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
M_m = \left|M\right|
\\
D_m = \left|D\right|
\\
d_m = \left|d\right|
\\
w0_m = \left|w0\right|
\\
w0_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, w0\right)
\\
[w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = \mathsf{sort}([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])\\
\\
w0_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{M_m \cdot D_m}{2 \cdot d_m} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+162}:\\
\;\;\;\;w0_m \cdot \sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{h \cdot {\left(\frac{M_m}{d_m} \cdot \frac{D_m}{2}\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt[3]{\ell}}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{\left(\sqrt{w0_m} \cdot e^{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(\log \left(0.25 \cdot \frac{h \cdot \left(-{M_m}^{2}\right)}{\ell}\right) + -2 \cdot \log d_m\right) + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{D_m}\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 86.3% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} M_m = \left|M\right| \\ D_m = \left|D\right| \\ d_m = \left|d\right| \\ w0_m = \left|w0\right| \\ w0_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, w0\right) \\ [w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = \mathsf{sort}([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])\\ \\ w0_s \cdot \left(w0_m \cdot \sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{h \cdot {\left(\frac{M_m}{d_m} \cdot \frac{D_m}{2}\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt[3]{\ell}}}\right) \end{array} \]
M_m = (fabs.f64 M)
D_m = (fabs.f64 D)
d_m = (fabs.f64 d)
w0_m = (fabs.f64 w0)
w0_s = (copysign.f64 1 w0)
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (w0_s w0_m M_m D_m h l d_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  w0_s
  (*
   w0_m
   (sqrt
    (-
     1.0
     (/
      (/ (* h (pow (* (/ M_m d_m) (/ D_m 2.0)) 2.0)) (pow (cbrt l) 2.0))
      (cbrt l)))))))
M_m = fabs(M);
D_m = fabs(D);
d_m = fabs(d);
w0_m = fabs(w0);
w0_s = copysign(1.0, w0);
assert(w0_m < M_m && M_m < D_m && D_m < h && h < l && l < d_m);
double code(double w0_s, double w0_m, double M_m, double D_m, double h, double l, double d_m) {
	return w0_s * (w0_m * sqrt((1.0 - (((h * pow(((M_m / d_m) * (D_m / 2.0)), 2.0)) / pow(cbrt(l), 2.0)) / cbrt(l)))));
}
M_m = Math.abs(M);
D_m = Math.abs(D);
d_m = Math.abs(d);
w0_m = Math.abs(w0);
w0_s = Math.copySign(1.0, w0);
assert w0_m < M_m && M_m < D_m && D_m < h && h < l && l < d_m;
public static double code(double w0_s, double w0_m, double M_m, double D_m, double h, double l, double d_m) {
	return w0_s * (w0_m * Math.sqrt((1.0 - (((h * Math.pow(((M_m / d_m) * (D_m / 2.0)), 2.0)) / Math.pow(Math.cbrt(l), 2.0)) / Math.cbrt(l)))));
}
M_m = abs(M)
D_m = abs(D)
d_m = abs(d)
w0_m = abs(w0)
w0_s = copysign(1.0, w0)
w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m = sort([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])
function code(w0_s, w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m)
	return Float64(w0_s * Float64(w0_m * sqrt(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Float64(h * (Float64(Float64(M_m / d_m) * Float64(D_m / 2.0)) ^ 2.0)) / (cbrt(l) ^ 2.0)) / cbrt(l))))))
end
M_m = N[Abs[M], $MachinePrecision]
D_m = N[Abs[D], $MachinePrecision]
d_m = N[Abs[d], $MachinePrecision]
w0_m = N[Abs[w0], $MachinePrecision]
w0_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[w0]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[w0$95$s_, w0$95$m_, M$95$m_, D$95$m_, h_, l_, d$95$m_] := N[(w0$95$s * N[(w0$95$m * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(N[(h * N[Power[N[(N[(M$95$m / d$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D$95$m / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Power[l, 1/3], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[l, 1/3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
M_m = \left|M\right|
\\
D_m = \left|D\right|
\\
d_m = \left|d\right|
\\
w0_m = \left|w0\right|
\\
w0_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, w0\right)
\\
[w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = \mathsf{sort}([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])\\
\\
w0_s \cdot \left(w0_m \cdot \sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{h \cdot {\left(\frac{M_m}{d_m} \cdot \frac{D_m}{2}\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt[3]{\ell}}}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 72.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} M_m = \left|M\right| \\ D_m = \left|D\right| \\ d_m = \left|d\right| \\ w0_m = \left|w0\right| \\ w0_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, w0\right) \\ [w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = \mathsf{sort}([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])\\ \\ w0_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;M_m \leq 5.6 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;w0_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;M_m \leq 8.6 \cdot 10^{+80}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(w0_m\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.125 \cdot \left({\left(\frac{D_m}{d_m}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{M_m}^{2} \cdot \left(w0_m \cdot h\right)}{\ell}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
M_m = (fabs.f64 M)
D_m = (fabs.f64 D)
d_m = (fabs.f64 d)
w0_m = (fabs.f64 w0)
w0_s = (copysign.f64 1 w0)
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (w0_s w0_m M_m D_m h l d_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  w0_s
  (if (<= M_m 5.6e-6)
    w0_m
    (if (<= M_m 8.6e+80)
      (log1p (expm1 w0_m))
      (*
       -0.125
       (* (pow (/ D_m d_m) 2.0) (/ (* (pow M_m 2.0) (* w0_m h)) l)))))))
M_m = fabs(M);
D_m = fabs(D);
d_m = fabs(d);
w0_m = fabs(w0);
w0_s = copysign(1.0, w0);
assert(w0_m < M_m && M_m < D_m && D_m < h && h < l && l < d_m);
double code(double w0_s, double w0_m, double M_m, double D_m, double h, double l, double d_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (M_m <= 5.6e-6) {
		tmp = w0_m;
	} else if (M_m <= 8.6e+80) {
		tmp = log1p(expm1(w0_m));
	} else {
		tmp = -0.125 * (pow((D_m / d_m), 2.0) * ((pow(M_m, 2.0) * (w0_m * h)) / l));
	}
	return w0_s * tmp;
}
M_m = Math.abs(M);
D_m = Math.abs(D);
d_m = Math.abs(d);
w0_m = Math.abs(w0);
w0_s = Math.copySign(1.0, w0);
assert w0_m < M_m && M_m < D_m && D_m < h && h < l && l < d_m;
public static double code(double w0_s, double w0_m, double M_m, double D_m, double h, double l, double d_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (M_m <= 5.6e-6) {
		tmp = w0_m;
	} else if (M_m <= 8.6e+80) {
		tmp = Math.log1p(Math.expm1(w0_m));
	} else {
		tmp = -0.125 * (Math.pow((D_m / d_m), 2.0) * ((Math.pow(M_m, 2.0) * (w0_m * h)) / l));
	}
	return w0_s * tmp;
}
M_m = math.fabs(M)
D_m = math.fabs(D)
d_m = math.fabs(d)
w0_m = math.fabs(w0)
w0_s = math.copysign(1.0, w0)
[w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = sort([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])
def code(w0_s, w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m):
	tmp = 0
	if M_m <= 5.6e-6:
		tmp = w0_m
	elif M_m <= 8.6e+80:
		tmp = math.log1p(math.expm1(w0_m))
	else:
		tmp = -0.125 * (math.pow((D_m / d_m), 2.0) * ((math.pow(M_m, 2.0) * (w0_m * h)) / l))
	return w0_s * tmp
M_m = abs(M)
D_m = abs(D)
d_m = abs(d)
w0_m = abs(w0)
w0_s = copysign(1.0, w0)
w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m = sort([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])
function code(w0_s, w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (M_m <= 5.6e-6)
		tmp = w0_m;
	elseif (M_m <= 8.6e+80)
		tmp = log1p(expm1(w0_m));
	else
		tmp = Float64(-0.125 * Float64((Float64(D_m / d_m) ^ 2.0) * Float64(Float64((M_m ^ 2.0) * Float64(w0_m * h)) / l)));
	end
	return Float64(w0_s * tmp)
end
M_m = N[Abs[M], $MachinePrecision]
D_m = N[Abs[D], $MachinePrecision]
d_m = N[Abs[d], $MachinePrecision]
w0_m = N[Abs[w0], $MachinePrecision]
w0_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[w0]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[w0$95$s_, w0$95$m_, M$95$m_, D$95$m_, h_, l_, d$95$m_] := N[(w0$95$s * If[LessEqual[M$95$m, 5.6e-6], w0$95$m, If[LessEqual[M$95$m, 8.6e+80], N[Log[1 + N[(Exp[w0$95$m] - 1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[(-0.125 * N[(N[Power[N[(D$95$m / d$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Power[M$95$m, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(w0$95$m * h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
M_m = \left|M\right|
\\
D_m = \left|D\right|
\\
d_m = \left|d\right|
\\
w0_m = \left|w0\right|
\\
w0_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, w0\right)
\\
[w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = \mathsf{sort}([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])\\
\\
w0_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;M_m \leq 5.6 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;w0_m\\

\mathbf{elif}\;M_m \leq 8.6 \cdot 10^{+80}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(w0_m\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.125 \cdot \left({\left(\frac{D_m}{d_m}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{M_m}^{2} \cdot \left(w0_m \cdot h\right)}{\ell}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 86.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} M_m = \left|M\right| \\ D_m = \left|D\right| \\ d_m = \left|d\right| \\ w0_m = \left|w0\right| \\ w0_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, w0\right) \\ [w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = \mathsf{sort}([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])\\ \\ w0_s \cdot \left(w0_m \cdot \sqrt{1 - h \cdot \frac{{\left(\frac{M_m}{d_m} \cdot \frac{D_m}{2}\right)}^{2}}{\ell}}\right) \end{array} \]
M_m = (fabs.f64 M)
D_m = (fabs.f64 D)
d_m = (fabs.f64 d)
w0_m = (fabs.f64 w0)
w0_s = (copysign.f64 1 w0)
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (w0_s w0_m M_m D_m h l d_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  w0_s
  (* w0_m (sqrt (- 1.0 (* h (/ (pow (* (/ M_m d_m) (/ D_m 2.0)) 2.0) l)))))))
M_m = fabs(M);
D_m = fabs(D);
d_m = fabs(d);
w0_m = fabs(w0);
w0_s = copysign(1.0, w0);
assert(w0_m < M_m && M_m < D_m && D_m < h && h < l && l < d_m);
double code(double w0_s, double w0_m, double M_m, double D_m, double h, double l, double d_m) {
	return w0_s * (w0_m * sqrt((1.0 - (h * (pow(((M_m / d_m) * (D_m / 2.0)), 2.0) / l)))));
}
M_m = abs(M)
D_m = abs(D)
d_m = abs(d)
w0_m = abs(w0)
w0_s = copysign(1.0d0, w0)
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(w0_s, w0_m, m_m, d_m, h, l, d_m_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: w0_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: w0_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: m_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_m_1
    code = w0_s * (w0_m * sqrt((1.0d0 - (h * ((((m_m / d_m_1) * (d_m / 2.0d0)) ** 2.0d0) / l)))))
end function
M_m = Math.abs(M);
D_m = Math.abs(D);
d_m = Math.abs(d);
w0_m = Math.abs(w0);
w0_s = Math.copySign(1.0, w0);
assert w0_m < M_m && M_m < D_m && D_m < h && h < l && l < d_m;
public static double code(double w0_s, double w0_m, double M_m, double D_m, double h, double l, double d_m) {
	return w0_s * (w0_m * Math.sqrt((1.0 - (h * (Math.pow(((M_m / d_m) * (D_m / 2.0)), 2.0) / l)))));
}
M_m = math.fabs(M)
D_m = math.fabs(D)
d_m = math.fabs(d)
w0_m = math.fabs(w0)
w0_s = math.copysign(1.0, w0)
[w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = sort([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])
def code(w0_s, w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m):
	return w0_s * (w0_m * math.sqrt((1.0 - (h * (math.pow(((M_m / d_m) * (D_m / 2.0)), 2.0) / l)))))
M_m = abs(M)
D_m = abs(D)
d_m = abs(d)
w0_m = abs(w0)
w0_s = copysign(1.0, w0)
w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m = sort([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])
function code(w0_s, w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m)
	return Float64(w0_s * Float64(w0_m * sqrt(Float64(1.0 - Float64(h * Float64((Float64(Float64(M_m / d_m) * Float64(D_m / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) / l))))))
end
M_m = abs(M);
D_m = abs(D);
d_m = abs(d);
w0_m = abs(w0);
w0_s = sign(w0) * abs(1.0);
w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m = num2cell(sort([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])){:}
function tmp = code(w0_s, w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m)
	tmp = w0_s * (w0_m * sqrt((1.0 - (h * ((((M_m / d_m) * (D_m / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) / l)))));
end
M_m = N[Abs[M], $MachinePrecision]
D_m = N[Abs[D], $MachinePrecision]
d_m = N[Abs[d], $MachinePrecision]
w0_m = N[Abs[w0], $MachinePrecision]
w0_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[w0]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[w0$95$s_, w0$95$m_, M$95$m_, D$95$m_, h_, l_, d$95$m_] := N[(w0$95$s * N[(w0$95$m * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - N[(h * N[(N[Power[N[(N[(M$95$m / d$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D$95$m / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
M_m = \left|M\right|
\\
D_m = \left|D\right|
\\
d_m = \left|d\right|
\\
w0_m = \left|w0\right|
\\
w0_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, w0\right)
\\
[w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = \mathsf{sort}([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])\\
\\
w0_s \cdot \left(w0_m \cdot \sqrt{1 - h \cdot \frac{{\left(\frac{M_m}{d_m} \cdot \frac{D_m}{2}\right)}^{2}}{\ell}}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 71.3% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} M_m = \left|M\right| \\ D_m = \left|D\right| \\ d_m = \left|d\right| \\ w0_m = \left|w0\right| \\ w0_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, w0\right) \\ [w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = \mathsf{sort}([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])\\ \\ w0_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;M_m \leq 3.3 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;w0_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(w0_m\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
M_m = (fabs.f64 M)
D_m = (fabs.f64 D)
d_m = (fabs.f64 d)
w0_m = (fabs.f64 w0)
w0_s = (copysign.f64 1 w0)
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (w0_s w0_m M_m D_m h l d_m)
 :precision binary64
 (* w0_s (if (<= M_m 3.3e-6) w0_m (log1p (expm1 w0_m)))))
M_m = fabs(M);
D_m = fabs(D);
d_m = fabs(d);
w0_m = fabs(w0);
w0_s = copysign(1.0, w0);
assert(w0_m < M_m && M_m < D_m && D_m < h && h < l && l < d_m);
double code(double w0_s, double w0_m, double M_m, double D_m, double h, double l, double d_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (M_m <= 3.3e-6) {
		tmp = w0_m;
	} else {
		tmp = log1p(expm1(w0_m));
	}
	return w0_s * tmp;
}
M_m = Math.abs(M);
D_m = Math.abs(D);
d_m = Math.abs(d);
w0_m = Math.abs(w0);
w0_s = Math.copySign(1.0, w0);
assert w0_m < M_m && M_m < D_m && D_m < h && h < l && l < d_m;
public static double code(double w0_s, double w0_m, double M_m, double D_m, double h, double l, double d_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (M_m <= 3.3e-6) {
		tmp = w0_m;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.log1p(Math.expm1(w0_m));
	}
	return w0_s * tmp;
}
M_m = math.fabs(M)
D_m = math.fabs(D)
d_m = math.fabs(d)
w0_m = math.fabs(w0)
w0_s = math.copysign(1.0, w0)
[w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = sort([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])
def code(w0_s, w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m):
	tmp = 0
	if M_m <= 3.3e-6:
		tmp = w0_m
	else:
		tmp = math.log1p(math.expm1(w0_m))
	return w0_s * tmp
M_m = abs(M)
D_m = abs(D)
d_m = abs(d)
w0_m = abs(w0)
w0_s = copysign(1.0, w0)
w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m = sort([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])
function code(w0_s, w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (M_m <= 3.3e-6)
		tmp = w0_m;
	else
		tmp = log1p(expm1(w0_m));
	end
	return Float64(w0_s * tmp)
end
M_m = N[Abs[M], $MachinePrecision]
D_m = N[Abs[D], $MachinePrecision]
d_m = N[Abs[d], $MachinePrecision]
w0_m = N[Abs[w0], $MachinePrecision]
w0_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[w0]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[w0$95$s_, w0$95$m_, M$95$m_, D$95$m_, h_, l_, d$95$m_] := N[(w0$95$s * If[LessEqual[M$95$m, 3.3e-6], w0$95$m, N[Log[1 + N[(Exp[w0$95$m] - 1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
M_m = \left|M\right|
\\
D_m = \left|D\right|
\\
d_m = \left|d\right|
\\
w0_m = \left|w0\right|
\\
w0_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, w0\right)
\\
[w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = \mathsf{sort}([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])\\
\\
w0_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;M_m \leq 3.3 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;w0_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(w0_m\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 67.9% accurate, 216.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} M_m = \left|M\right| \\ D_m = \left|D\right| \\ d_m = \left|d\right| \\ w0_m = \left|w0\right| \\ w0_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, w0\right) \\ [w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = \mathsf{sort}([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])\\ \\ w0_s \cdot w0_m \end{array} \]
M_m = (fabs.f64 M)
D_m = (fabs.f64 D)
d_m = (fabs.f64 d)
w0_m = (fabs.f64 w0)
w0_s = (copysign.f64 1 w0)
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (w0_s w0_m M_m D_m h l d_m) :precision binary64 (* w0_s w0_m))
M_m = fabs(M);
D_m = fabs(D);
d_m = fabs(d);
w0_m = fabs(w0);
w0_s = copysign(1.0, w0);
assert(w0_m < M_m && M_m < D_m && D_m < h && h < l && l < d_m);
double code(double w0_s, double w0_m, double M_m, double D_m, double h, double l, double d_m) {
	return w0_s * w0_m;
}
M_m = abs(M)
D_m = abs(D)
d_m = abs(d)
w0_m = abs(w0)
w0_s = copysign(1.0d0, w0)
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(w0_s, w0_m, m_m, d_m, h, l, d_m_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: w0_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: w0_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: m_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_m_1
    code = w0_s * w0_m
end function
M_m = Math.abs(M);
D_m = Math.abs(D);
d_m = Math.abs(d);
w0_m = Math.abs(w0);
w0_s = Math.copySign(1.0, w0);
assert w0_m < M_m && M_m < D_m && D_m < h && h < l && l < d_m;
public static double code(double w0_s, double w0_m, double M_m, double D_m, double h, double l, double d_m) {
	return w0_s * w0_m;
}
M_m = math.fabs(M)
D_m = math.fabs(D)
d_m = math.fabs(d)
w0_m = math.fabs(w0)
w0_s = math.copysign(1.0, w0)
[w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = sort([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])
def code(w0_s, w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m):
	return w0_s * w0_m
M_m = abs(M)
D_m = abs(D)
d_m = abs(d)
w0_m = abs(w0)
w0_s = copysign(1.0, w0)
w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m = sort([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])
function code(w0_s, w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m)
	return Float64(w0_s * w0_m)
end
M_m = abs(M);
D_m = abs(D);
d_m = abs(d);
w0_m = abs(w0);
w0_s = sign(w0) * abs(1.0);
w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m = num2cell(sort([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])){:}
function tmp = code(w0_s, w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m)
	tmp = w0_s * w0_m;
end
M_m = N[Abs[M], $MachinePrecision]
D_m = N[Abs[D], $MachinePrecision]
d_m = N[Abs[d], $MachinePrecision]
w0_m = N[Abs[w0], $MachinePrecision]
w0_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[w0]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
NOTE: w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, and d_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[w0$95$s_, w0$95$m_, M$95$m_, D$95$m_, h_, l_, d$95$m_] := N[(w0$95$s * w0$95$m), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
M_m = \left|M\right|
\\
D_m = \left|D\right|
\\
d_m = \left|d\right|
\\
w0_m = \left|w0\right|
\\
w0_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, w0\right)
\\
[w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m] = \mathsf{sort}([w0_m, M_m, D_m, h, l, d_m])\\
\\
w0_s \cdot w0_m
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023350 
(FPCore (w0 M D h l d)
  :name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (9a)"
  :precision binary64
  (* w0 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2.0 d)) 2.0) (/ h l))))))