
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(if (<= b -1e+154)
(- (/ c b) (/ b a))
(if (<= b 6.5e-121)
(/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* c (* a 4.0)))) b) (* a 2.0))
(/ (- c) b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -1e+154) {
tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
} else if (b <= 6.5e-121) {
tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
} else {
tmp = -c / b;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: tmp
if (b <= (-1d+154)) then
tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
else if (b <= 6.5d-121) then
tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0d0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0d0)
else
tmp = -c / b
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -1e+154) {
tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
} else if (b <= 6.5e-121) {
tmp = (Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
} else {
tmp = -c / b;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): tmp = 0 if b <= -1e+154: tmp = (c / b) - (b / a) elif b <= 6.5e-121: tmp = (math.sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0) else: tmp = -c / b return tmp
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= -1e+154) tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b) - Float64(b / a)); elseif (b <= 6.5e-121) tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(c * Float64(a * 4.0)))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(-c) / b); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= -1e+154) tmp = (c / b) - (b / a); elseif (b <= 6.5e-121) tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) - (c * (a * 4.0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0); else tmp = -c / b; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -1e+154], N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 6.5e-121], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c * N[(a * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{-121}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - c \cdot \left(a \cdot 4\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(if (<= b -3.8e-68)
(- (/ c b) (/ b a))
(if (<= b 6.5e-121)
(/ (- (sqrt (* a (* c -4.0))) b) (* a 2.0))
(/ (- c) b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -3.8e-68) {
tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
} else if (b <= 6.5e-121) {
tmp = (sqrt((a * (c * -4.0))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
} else {
tmp = -c / b;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: tmp
if (b <= (-3.8d-68)) then
tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
else if (b <= 6.5d-121) then
tmp = (sqrt((a * (c * (-4.0d0)))) - b) / (a * 2.0d0)
else
tmp = -c / b
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -3.8e-68) {
tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
} else if (b <= 6.5e-121) {
tmp = (Math.sqrt((a * (c * -4.0))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
} else {
tmp = -c / b;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): tmp = 0 if b <= -3.8e-68: tmp = (c / b) - (b / a) elif b <= 6.5e-121: tmp = (math.sqrt((a * (c * -4.0))) - b) / (a * 2.0) else: tmp = -c / b return tmp
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= -3.8e-68) tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b) - Float64(b / a)); elseif (b <= 6.5e-121) tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(a * Float64(c * -4.0))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(-c) / b); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= -3.8e-68) tmp = (c / b) - (b / a); elseif (b <= 6.5e-121) tmp = (sqrt((a * (c * -4.0))) - b) / (a * 2.0); else tmp = -c / b; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -3.8e-68], N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 6.5e-121], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(a * N[(c * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{-68}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{-121}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot -4\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (if (<= b -2.3e-73) (- (/ c b) (/ b a)) (if (<= b 6.5e-121) (* 0.5 (/ (sqrt (* a (* c -4.0))) a)) (/ (- c) b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -2.3e-73) {
tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
} else if (b <= 6.5e-121) {
tmp = 0.5 * (sqrt((a * (c * -4.0))) / a);
} else {
tmp = -c / b;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: tmp
if (b <= (-2.3d-73)) then
tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
else if (b <= 6.5d-121) then
tmp = 0.5d0 * (sqrt((a * (c * (-4.0d0)))) / a)
else
tmp = -c / b
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -2.3e-73) {
tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
} else if (b <= 6.5e-121) {
tmp = 0.5 * (Math.sqrt((a * (c * -4.0))) / a);
} else {
tmp = -c / b;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): tmp = 0 if b <= -2.3e-73: tmp = (c / b) - (b / a) elif b <= 6.5e-121: tmp = 0.5 * (math.sqrt((a * (c * -4.0))) / a) else: tmp = -c / b return tmp
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= -2.3e-73) tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b) - Float64(b / a)); elseif (b <= 6.5e-121) tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(a * Float64(c * -4.0))) / a)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(-c) / b); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= -2.3e-73) tmp = (c / b) - (b / a); elseif (b <= 6.5e-121) tmp = 0.5 * (sqrt((a * (c * -4.0))) / a); else tmp = -c / b; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -2.3e-73], N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 6.5e-121], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(a * N[(c * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -2.3 \cdot 10^{-73}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{-121}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot -4\right)}}{a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (if (<= b -5e-310) (- (/ c b) (/ b a)) (/ (- c) b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -5e-310) {
tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
} else {
tmp = -c / b;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: tmp
if (b <= (-5d-310)) then
tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
else
tmp = -c / b
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -5e-310) {
tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
} else {
tmp = -c / b;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): tmp = 0 if b <= -5e-310: tmp = (c / b) - (b / a) else: tmp = -c / b return tmp
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= -5e-310) tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b) - Float64(b / a)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(-c) / b); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= -5e-310) tmp = (c / b) - (b / a); else tmp = -c / b; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -5e-310], N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (if (<= b -5e-310) (/ (- b) a) (/ 0.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -5e-310) {
tmp = -b / a;
} else {
tmp = 0.0 / a;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: tmp
if (b <= (-5d-310)) then
tmp = -b / a
else
tmp = 0.0d0 / a
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -5e-310) {
tmp = -b / a;
} else {
tmp = 0.0 / a;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): tmp = 0 if b <= -5e-310: tmp = -b / a else: tmp = 0.0 / a return tmp
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= -5e-310) tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a); else tmp = Float64(0.0 / a); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= -5e-310) tmp = -b / a; else tmp = 0.0 / a; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -5e-310], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0}{a}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (if (<= b 7e-298) (/ (- b) a) (/ (- c) b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 7e-298) {
tmp = -b / a;
} else {
tmp = -c / b;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: tmp
if (b <= 7d-298) then
tmp = -b / a
else
tmp = -c / b
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 7e-298) {
tmp = -b / a;
} else {
tmp = -c / b;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): tmp = 0 if b <= 7e-298: tmp = -b / a else: tmp = -c / b return tmp
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 7e-298) tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a); else tmp = Float64(Float64(-c) / b); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= 7e-298) tmp = -b / a; else tmp = -c / b; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, 7e-298], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 7 \cdot 10^{-298}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ 0.0 a))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0 / a;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = 0.0d0 / a
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return 0.0 / a;
}
def code(a, b, c): return 0.0 / a
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(0.0 / a) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 / a; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(0.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0}{a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))))
(if (< b 0.0)
(/ (+ (- b) t_0) (* 2.0 a))
(/ c (* a (/ (- (- b) t_0) (* 2.0 a)))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)));
double tmp;
if (b < 0.0) {
tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a);
} else {
tmp = c / (a * ((-b - t_0) / (2.0 * a)));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))
if (b < 0.0d0) then
tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0d0 * a)
else
tmp = c / (a * ((-b - t_0) / (2.0d0 * a)))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)));
double tmp;
if (b < 0.0) {
tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a);
} else {
tmp = c / (a * ((-b - t_0) / (2.0 * a)));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): t_0 = math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) tmp = 0 if b < 0.0: tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a) else: tmp = c / (a * ((-b - t_0) / (2.0 * a))) return tmp
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c))) tmp = 0.0 if (b < 0.0) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + t_0) / Float64(2.0 * a)); else tmp = Float64(c / Float64(a * Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) - t_0) / Float64(2.0 * a)))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))); tmp = 0.0; if (b < 0.0) tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a); else tmp = c / (a * ((-b - t_0) / (2.0 * a))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[b, 0.0], N[(N[((-b) + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(c / N[(a * N[(N[((-b) - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\\
\mathbf{if}\;b < 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + t_0}{2 \cdot a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{a \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - t_0}{2 \cdot a}}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023348
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "The quadratic formula (r1)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (< b 0.0) (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)) (/ c (* a (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))