Equirectangular approximation to distance on a great circle

Percentage Accurate: 60.6% → 99.9%
Time: 24.2s
Alternatives: 22
Speedup: 3.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\\ R \cdot \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2.0)))))
   (* R (sqrt (+ (* t_0 t_0) (* (- phi1 phi2) (- phi1 phi2)))))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = (lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0));
	return R * sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) + ((phi1 - phi2) * (phi1 - phi2))));
}
real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0d0))
    code = r * sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) + ((phi1 - phi2) * (phi1 - phi2))))
end function
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = (lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0));
	return R * Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) + ((phi1 - phi2) * (phi1 - phi2))));
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = (lambda1 - lambda2) * math.cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))
	return R * math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) + ((phi1 - phi2) * (phi1 - phi2))))
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(Float64(Float64(phi1 + phi2) / 2.0)))
	return Float64(R * sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) + Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) * Float64(phi1 - phi2)))))
end
function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = (lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0));
	tmp = R * sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) + ((phi1 - phi2) * (phi1 - phi2))));
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(N[(phi1 + phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] * N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\\
R \cdot \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 22 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 60.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\\ R \cdot \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2.0)))))
   (* R (sqrt (+ (* t_0 t_0) (* (- phi1 phi2) (- phi1 phi2)))))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = (lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0));
	return R * sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) + ((phi1 - phi2) * (phi1 - phi2))));
}
real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0d0))
    code = r * sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) + ((phi1 - phi2) * (phi1 - phi2))))
end function
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = (lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0));
	return R * Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) + ((phi1 - phi2) * (phi1 - phi2))));
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = (lambda1 - lambda2) * math.cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))
	return R * math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) + ((phi1 - phi2) * (phi1 - phi2))))
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(Float64(Float64(phi1 + phi2) / 2.0)))
	return Float64(R * sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) + Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) * Float64(phi1 - phi2)))))
end
function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = (lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0));
	tmp = R * sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) + ((phi1 - phi2) * (phi1 - phi2))));
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(N[(phi1 + phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] * N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\\
R \cdot \sqrt{t_0 \cdot t_0 + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.9% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) + \left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  R
  (hypot
   (+
    (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (* (cos (* 0.5 phi1)) (cos (* 0.5 phi2))))
    (* (* (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) (sin (* 0.5 phi2))) (- lambda2 lambda1)))
   (- phi1 phi2))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return R * hypot((((lambda1 - lambda2) * (cos((0.5 * phi1)) * cos((0.5 * phi2)))) + ((sin((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((0.5 * phi2))) * (lambda2 - lambda1))), (phi1 - phi2));
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return R * Math.hypot((((lambda1 - lambda2) * (Math.cos((0.5 * phi1)) * Math.cos((0.5 * phi2)))) + ((Math.sin((0.5 * phi1)) * Math.sin((0.5 * phi2))) * (lambda2 - lambda1))), (phi1 - phi2));
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return R * math.hypot((((lambda1 - lambda2) * (math.cos((0.5 * phi1)) * math.cos((0.5 * phi2)))) + ((math.sin((0.5 * phi1)) * math.sin((0.5 * phi2))) * (lambda2 - lambda1))), (phi1 - phi2))
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * cos(Float64(0.5 * phi2)))) + Float64(Float64(sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * phi2))) * Float64(lambda2 - lambda1))), Float64(phi1 - phi2)))
end
function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = R * hypot((((lambda1 - lambda2) * (cos((0.5 * phi1)) * cos((0.5 * phi2)))) + ((sin((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((0.5 * phi2))) * (lambda2 - lambda1))), (phi1 - phi2));
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) + \left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.5% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -4.1 \cdot 10^{+214}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1 \cdot t_1 - \lambda_1 \cdot t_0, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot t_1 + \lambda_2 \cdot t_0, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) (sin (* 0.5 phi2))))
        (t_1 (* (cos (* 0.5 phi1)) (cos (* 0.5 phi2)))))
   (if (<= lambda1 -4.1e+214)
     (* R (hypot (- (* lambda1 t_1) (* lambda1 t_0)) (- phi1 phi2)))
     (*
      R
      (hypot (+ (* (- lambda1 lambda2) t_1) (* lambda2 t_0)) (- phi1 phi2))))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((0.5 * phi2));
	double t_1 = cos((0.5 * phi1)) * cos((0.5 * phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (lambda1 <= -4.1e+214) {
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 * t_1) - (lambda1 * t_0)), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * hypot((((lambda1 - lambda2) * t_1) + (lambda2 * t_0)), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin((0.5 * phi1)) * Math.sin((0.5 * phi2));
	double t_1 = Math.cos((0.5 * phi1)) * Math.cos((0.5 * phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (lambda1 <= -4.1e+214) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(((lambda1 * t_1) - (lambda1 * t_0)), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot((((lambda1 - lambda2) * t_1) + (lambda2 * t_0)), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.sin((0.5 * phi1)) * math.sin((0.5 * phi2))
	t_1 = math.cos((0.5 * phi1)) * math.cos((0.5 * phi2))
	tmp = 0
	if lambda1 <= -4.1e+214:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(((lambda1 * t_1) - (lambda1 * t_0)), (phi1 - phi2))
	else:
		tmp = R * math.hypot((((lambda1 - lambda2) * t_1) + (lambda2 * t_0)), (phi1 - phi2))
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * phi2)))
	t_1 = Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * cos(Float64(0.5 * phi2)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (lambda1 <= -4.1e+214)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(lambda1 * t_1) - Float64(lambda1 * t_0)), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * t_1) + Float64(lambda2 * t_0)), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((0.5 * phi2));
	t_1 = cos((0.5 * phi1)) * cos((0.5 * phi2));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (lambda1 <= -4.1e+214)
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 * t_1) - (lambda1 * t_0)), (phi1 - phi2));
	else
		tmp = R * hypot((((lambda1 - lambda2) * t_1) + (lambda2 * t_0)), (phi1 - phi2));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[lambda1, -4.1e+214], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(lambda1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - N[(lambda1 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] + N[(lambda2 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\
t_1 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -4.1 \cdot 10^{+214}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1 \cdot t_1 - \lambda_1 \cdot t_0, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot t_1 + \lambda_2 \cdot t_0, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.5% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\ t_2 := \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -2.5 \cdot 10^{+213}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(t_2 \cdot \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) + \left(\lambda_1 \cdot t_0\right) \cdot t_1, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot t_1\right) + \lambda_2 \cdot t_2, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (* 0.5 phi1)))
        (t_1 (cos (* 0.5 phi2)))
        (t_2 (* (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) (sin (* 0.5 phi2)))))
   (if (<= lambda1 -2.5e+213)
     (*
      R
      (hypot
       (+ (* t_2 (- lambda2 lambda1)) (* (* lambda1 t_0) t_1))
       (- phi1 phi2)))
     (*
      R
      (hypot
       (+ (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (* t_0 t_1)) (* lambda2 t_2))
       (- phi1 phi2))))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = cos((0.5 * phi1));
	double t_1 = cos((0.5 * phi2));
	double t_2 = sin((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((0.5 * phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (lambda1 <= -2.5e+213) {
		tmp = R * hypot(((t_2 * (lambda2 - lambda1)) + ((lambda1 * t_0) * t_1)), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * hypot((((lambda1 - lambda2) * (t_0 * t_1)) + (lambda2 * t_2)), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((0.5 * phi1));
	double t_1 = Math.cos((0.5 * phi2));
	double t_2 = Math.sin((0.5 * phi1)) * Math.sin((0.5 * phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (lambda1 <= -2.5e+213) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(((t_2 * (lambda2 - lambda1)) + ((lambda1 * t_0) * t_1)), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot((((lambda1 - lambda2) * (t_0 * t_1)) + (lambda2 * t_2)), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.cos((0.5 * phi1))
	t_1 = math.cos((0.5 * phi2))
	t_2 = math.sin((0.5 * phi1)) * math.sin((0.5 * phi2))
	tmp = 0
	if lambda1 <= -2.5e+213:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(((t_2 * (lambda2 - lambda1)) + ((lambda1 * t_0) * t_1)), (phi1 - phi2))
	else:
		tmp = R * math.hypot((((lambda1 - lambda2) * (t_0 * t_1)) + (lambda2 * t_2)), (phi1 - phi2))
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(0.5 * phi2))
	t_2 = Float64(sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * phi2)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (lambda1 <= -2.5e+213)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(t_2 * Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)) + Float64(Float64(lambda1 * t_0) * t_1)), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * Float64(t_0 * t_1)) + Float64(lambda2 * t_2)), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = cos((0.5 * phi1));
	t_1 = cos((0.5 * phi2));
	t_2 = sin((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((0.5 * phi2));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (lambda1 <= -2.5e+213)
		tmp = R * hypot(((t_2 * (lambda2 - lambda1)) + ((lambda1 * t_0) * t_1)), (phi1 - phi2));
	else
		tmp = R * hypot((((lambda1 - lambda2) * (t_0 * t_1)) + (lambda2 * t_2)), (phi1 - phi2));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[lambda1, -2.5e+213], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$2 * N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(lambda1 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(lambda2 * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\\
t_1 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\
t_2 := \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -2.5 \cdot 10^{+213}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(t_2 \cdot \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) + \left(\lambda_1 \cdot t_0\right) \cdot t_1, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot t_1\right) + \lambda_2 \cdot t_2, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 88.6% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -4.4 \cdot 10^{+212}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \left(t_1 - t_0\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\lambda_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-62}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \left(t_0 - t_1\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) (sin (* 0.5 phi2))))
        (t_1 (* (cos (* 0.5 phi1)) (cos (* 0.5 phi2)))))
   (if (<= lambda1 -4.4e+212)
     (* R (hypot (* lambda1 (- t_1 t_0)) (- phi1 phi2)))
     (if (<= lambda1 -1e-62)
       (*
        R
        (hypot
         (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2.0)))
         (- phi1 phi2)))
       (* R (hypot (* lambda2 (- t_0 t_1)) (- phi1 phi2)))))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((0.5 * phi2));
	double t_1 = cos((0.5 * phi1)) * cos((0.5 * phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (lambda1 <= -4.4e+212) {
		tmp = R * hypot((lambda1 * (t_1 - t_0)), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else if (lambda1 <= -1e-62) {
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * hypot((lambda2 * (t_0 - t_1)), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin((0.5 * phi1)) * Math.sin((0.5 * phi2));
	double t_1 = Math.cos((0.5 * phi1)) * Math.cos((0.5 * phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (lambda1 <= -4.4e+212) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot((lambda1 * (t_1 - t_0)), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else if (lambda1 <= -1e-62) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot((lambda2 * (t_0 - t_1)), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.sin((0.5 * phi1)) * math.sin((0.5 * phi2))
	t_1 = math.cos((0.5 * phi1)) * math.cos((0.5 * phi2))
	tmp = 0
	if lambda1 <= -4.4e+212:
		tmp = R * math.hypot((lambda1 * (t_1 - t_0)), (phi1 - phi2))
	elif lambda1 <= -1e-62:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * math.cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), (phi1 - phi2))
	else:
		tmp = R * math.hypot((lambda2 * (t_0 - t_1)), (phi1 - phi2))
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * phi2)))
	t_1 = Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * cos(Float64(0.5 * phi2)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (lambda1 <= -4.4e+212)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(lambda1 * Float64(t_1 - t_0)), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	elseif (lambda1 <= -1e-62)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(Float64(Float64(phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(lambda2 * Float64(t_0 - t_1)), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((0.5 * phi2));
	t_1 = cos((0.5 * phi1)) * cos((0.5 * phi2));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (lambda1 <= -4.4e+212)
		tmp = R * hypot((lambda1 * (t_1 - t_0)), (phi1 - phi2));
	elseif (lambda1 <= -1e-62)
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), (phi1 - phi2));
	else
		tmp = R * hypot((lambda2 * (t_0 - t_1)), (phi1 - phi2));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[lambda1, -4.4e+212], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(lambda1 * N[(t$95$1 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[lambda1, -1e-62], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(N[(phi1 + phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(lambda2 * N[(t$95$0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\
t_1 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -4.4 \cdot 10^{+212}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \left(t_1 - t_0\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\lambda_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-62}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \left(t_0 - t_1\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 88.6% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -9.8 \cdot 10^{+213}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1 \cdot t_1 - \lambda_1 \cdot t_0, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\lambda_1 \leq -2.5 \cdot 10^{-67}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \left(t_0 - t_1\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) (sin (* 0.5 phi2))))
        (t_1 (* (cos (* 0.5 phi1)) (cos (* 0.5 phi2)))))
   (if (<= lambda1 -9.8e+213)
     (* R (hypot (- (* lambda1 t_1) (* lambda1 t_0)) (- phi1 phi2)))
     (if (<= lambda1 -2.5e-67)
       (*
        R
        (hypot
         (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2.0)))
         (- phi1 phi2)))
       (* R (hypot (* lambda2 (- t_0 t_1)) (- phi1 phi2)))))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((0.5 * phi2));
	double t_1 = cos((0.5 * phi1)) * cos((0.5 * phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (lambda1 <= -9.8e+213) {
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 * t_1) - (lambda1 * t_0)), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else if (lambda1 <= -2.5e-67) {
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * hypot((lambda2 * (t_0 - t_1)), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin((0.5 * phi1)) * Math.sin((0.5 * phi2));
	double t_1 = Math.cos((0.5 * phi1)) * Math.cos((0.5 * phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (lambda1 <= -9.8e+213) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(((lambda1 * t_1) - (lambda1 * t_0)), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else if (lambda1 <= -2.5e-67) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot((lambda2 * (t_0 - t_1)), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.sin((0.5 * phi1)) * math.sin((0.5 * phi2))
	t_1 = math.cos((0.5 * phi1)) * math.cos((0.5 * phi2))
	tmp = 0
	if lambda1 <= -9.8e+213:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(((lambda1 * t_1) - (lambda1 * t_0)), (phi1 - phi2))
	elif lambda1 <= -2.5e-67:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * math.cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), (phi1 - phi2))
	else:
		tmp = R * math.hypot((lambda2 * (t_0 - t_1)), (phi1 - phi2))
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * phi2)))
	t_1 = Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * cos(Float64(0.5 * phi2)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (lambda1 <= -9.8e+213)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(lambda1 * t_1) - Float64(lambda1 * t_0)), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	elseif (lambda1 <= -2.5e-67)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(Float64(Float64(phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(lambda2 * Float64(t_0 - t_1)), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((0.5 * phi2));
	t_1 = cos((0.5 * phi1)) * cos((0.5 * phi2));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (lambda1 <= -9.8e+213)
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 * t_1) - (lambda1 * t_0)), (phi1 - phi2));
	elseif (lambda1 <= -2.5e-67)
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), (phi1 - phi2));
	else
		tmp = R * hypot((lambda2 * (t_0 - t_1)), (phi1 - phi2));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[lambda1, -9.8e+213], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(lambda1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - N[(lambda1 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[lambda1, -2.5e-67], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(N[(phi1 + phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(lambda2 * N[(t$95$0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\
t_1 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -9.8 \cdot 10^{+213}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1 \cdot t_1 - \lambda_1 \cdot t_0, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\lambda_1 \leq -2.5 \cdot 10^{-67}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \left(t_0 - t_1\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 88.2% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -8 \cdot 10^{-67}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= lambda1 -8e-67)
   (*
    R
    (hypot
     (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (expm1 (log1p (cos (* 0.5 (+ phi1 phi2))))))
     (- phi1 phi2)))
   (*
    R
    (hypot
     (*
      lambda2
      (-
       (* (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) (sin (* 0.5 phi2)))
       (* (cos (* 0.5 phi1)) (cos (* 0.5 phi2)))))
     (- phi1 phi2)))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (lambda1 <= -8e-67) {
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * expm1(log1p(cos((0.5 * (phi1 + phi2)))))), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * hypot((lambda2 * ((sin((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((0.5 * phi2))) - (cos((0.5 * phi1)) * cos((0.5 * phi2))))), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (lambda1 <= -8e-67) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.expm1(Math.log1p(Math.cos((0.5 * (phi1 + phi2)))))), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot((lambda2 * ((Math.sin((0.5 * phi1)) * Math.sin((0.5 * phi2))) - (Math.cos((0.5 * phi1)) * Math.cos((0.5 * phi2))))), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if lambda1 <= -8e-67:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * math.expm1(math.log1p(math.cos((0.5 * (phi1 + phi2)))))), (phi1 - phi2))
	else:
		tmp = R * math.hypot((lambda2 * ((math.sin((0.5 * phi1)) * math.sin((0.5 * phi2))) - (math.cos((0.5 * phi1)) * math.cos((0.5 * phi2))))), (phi1 - phi2))
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (lambda1 <= -8e-67)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * expm1(log1p(cos(Float64(0.5 * Float64(phi1 + phi2)))))), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(lambda2 * Float64(Float64(sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * phi2))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * cos(Float64(0.5 * phi2))))), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[lambda1, -8e-67], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Exp[N[Log[1 + N[Cos[N[(0.5 * N[(phi1 + phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(lambda2 * N[(N[(N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -8 \cdot 10^{-67}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 96.3% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  R
  (hypot
   (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (expm1 (log1p (cos (* 0.5 (+ phi1 phi2))))))
   (- phi1 phi2))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * expm1(log1p(cos((0.5 * (phi1 + phi2)))))), (phi1 - phi2));
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return R * Math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.expm1(Math.log1p(Math.cos((0.5 * (phi1 + phi2)))))), (phi1 - phi2));
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return R * math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * math.expm1(math.log1p(math.cos((0.5 * (phi1 + phi2)))))), (phi1 - phi2))
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * expm1(log1p(cos(Float64(0.5 * Float64(phi1 + phi2)))))), Float64(phi1 - phi2)))
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Exp[N[Log[1 + N[Cos[N[(0.5 * N[(phi1 + phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 83.7% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -2.7 \cdot 10^{-75}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\phi_2, \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= phi1 -2.7e-75)
   (* R (hypot (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (* 0.5 phi1))) (- phi1 phi2)))
   (* R (hypot phi2 (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (* 0.5 phi2)))))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -2.7e-75) {
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi1))), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * hypot(phi2, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi2))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -2.7e-75) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.cos((0.5 * phi1))), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(phi2, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.cos((0.5 * phi2))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if phi1 <= -2.7e-75:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * math.cos((0.5 * phi1))), (phi1 - phi2))
	else:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(phi2, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * math.cos((0.5 * phi2))))
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi1 <= -2.7e-75)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1))), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(phi2, Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(Float64(0.5 * phi2)))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi1 <= -2.7e-75)
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi1))), (phi1 - phi2));
	else
		tmp = R * hypot(phi2, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi2))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[phi1, -2.7e-75], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[Sqrt[phi2 ^ 2 + N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -2.7 \cdot 10^{-75}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\phi_2, \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 93.3% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.6 \cdot 10^{+32}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= phi1 -1.6e+32)
   (* R (hypot (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (* 0.5 phi1))) (- phi1 phi2)))
   (* R (hypot (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (* 0.5 phi2))) (- phi1 phi2)))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -1.6e+32) {
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi1))), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi2))), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -1.6e+32) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.cos((0.5 * phi1))), (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.cos((0.5 * phi2))), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if phi1 <= -1.6e+32:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * math.cos((0.5 * phi1))), (phi1 - phi2))
	else:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * math.cos((0.5 * phi2))), (phi1 - phi2))
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi1 <= -1.6e+32)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1))), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(Float64(0.5 * phi2))), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi1 <= -1.6e+32)
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi1))), (phi1 - phi2));
	else
		tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi2))), (phi1 - phi2));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[phi1, -1.6e+32], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.6 \cdot 10^{+32}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 96.3% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  R
  (hypot (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2.0))) (- phi1 phi2))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), (phi1 - phi2));
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return R * Math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), (phi1 - phi2));
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return R * math.hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * math.cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), (phi1 - phi2))
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(R * hypot(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(Float64(Float64(phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), Float64(phi1 - phi2)))
end
function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = R * hypot(((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(((phi1 + phi2) / 2.0))), (phi1 - phi2));
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(N[(phi1 + phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right), \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 79.6% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{-159}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\phi_1, \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= phi2 1.5e-159)
   (* R (hypot phi1 (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (* 0.5 phi1)))))
   (* R (hypot (- lambda1 lambda2) (- phi1 phi2)))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= 1.5e-159) {
		tmp = R * hypot(phi1, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi1))));
	} else {
		tmp = R * hypot((lambda1 - lambda2), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= 1.5e-159) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(phi1, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.cos((0.5 * phi1))));
	} else {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot((lambda1 - lambda2), (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if phi2 <= 1.5e-159:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(phi1, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * math.cos((0.5 * phi1))))
	else:
		tmp = R * math.hypot((lambda1 - lambda2), (phi1 - phi2))
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= 1.5e-159)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(phi1, Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2), Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi2 <= 1.5e-159)
		tmp = R * hypot(phi1, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi1))));
	else
		tmp = R * hypot((lambda1 - lambda2), (phi1 - phi2));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[phi2, 1.5e-159], N[(R * N[Sqrt[phi1 ^ 2 + N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{-159}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\phi_1, \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 79.4% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\phi_1, \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\phi_2, \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= phi2 2.8e-15)
   (* R (hypot phi1 (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (* 0.5 phi1)))))
   (* R (hypot phi2 (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (* 0.5 phi2)))))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= 2.8e-15) {
		tmp = R * hypot(phi1, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi1))));
	} else {
		tmp = R * hypot(phi2, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi2))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= 2.8e-15) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(phi1, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.cos((0.5 * phi1))));
	} else {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(phi2, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * Math.cos((0.5 * phi2))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if phi2 <= 2.8e-15:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(phi1, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * math.cos((0.5 * phi1))))
	else:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(phi2, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * math.cos((0.5 * phi2))))
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= 2.8e-15)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(phi1, Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(phi2, Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * cos(Float64(0.5 * phi2)))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi2 <= 2.8e-15)
		tmp = R * hypot(phi1, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi1))));
	else
		tmp = R * hypot(phi2, ((lambda1 - lambda2) * cos((0.5 * phi2))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[phi2, 2.8e-15], N[(R * N[Sqrt[phi1 ^ 2 + N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[Sqrt[phi2 ^ 2 + N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\phi_1, \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\phi_2, \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 13: 74.4% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_2 \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{+128}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= lambda2 3.4e+128)
   (* R (hypot lambda1 (- phi1 phi2)))
   (* R (- lambda2 lambda1))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (lambda2 <= 3.4e+128) {
		tmp = R * hypot(lambda1, (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * (lambda2 - lambda1);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (lambda2 <= 3.4e+128) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(lambda1, (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * (lambda2 - lambda1);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if lambda2 <= 3.4e+128:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(lambda1, (phi1 - phi2))
	else:
		tmp = R * (lambda2 - lambda1)
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (lambda2 <= 3.4e+128)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(lambda1, Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(lambda2 - lambda1));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (lambda2 <= 3.4e+128)
		tmp = R * hypot(lambda1, (phi1 - phi2));
	else
		tmp = R * (lambda2 - lambda1);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[lambda2, 3.4e+128], N[(R * N[Sqrt[lambda1 ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\lambda_2 \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{+128}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 14: 74.2% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq 3.8 \cdot 10^{+63}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\phi_1, \lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= phi2 3.8e+63)
   (* R (hypot phi1 (- lambda1 lambda2)))
   (* R (hypot lambda1 (- phi1 phi2)))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= 3.8e+63) {
		tmp = R * hypot(phi1, (lambda1 - lambda2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * hypot(lambda1, (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= 3.8e+63) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(phi1, (lambda1 - lambda2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(lambda1, (phi1 - phi2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if phi2 <= 3.8e+63:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(phi1, (lambda1 - lambda2))
	else:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(lambda1, (phi1 - phi2))
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= 3.8e+63)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(phi1, Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(lambda1, Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi2 <= 3.8e+63)
		tmp = R * hypot(phi1, (lambda1 - lambda2));
	else
		tmp = R * hypot(lambda1, (phi1 - phi2));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[phi2, 3.8e+63], N[(R * N[Sqrt[phi1 ^ 2 + N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[Sqrt[lambda1 ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq 3.8 \cdot 10^{+63}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\phi_1, \lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 15: 74.2% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -3.5 \cdot 10^{+56}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\phi_2, \lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= phi1 -3.5e+56)
   (* R (hypot lambda1 (- phi1 phi2)))
   (* R (hypot phi2 (- lambda1 lambda2)))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -3.5e+56) {
		tmp = R * hypot(lambda1, (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * hypot(phi2, (lambda1 - lambda2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -3.5e+56) {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(lambda1, (phi1 - phi2));
	} else {
		tmp = R * Math.hypot(phi2, (lambda1 - lambda2));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if phi1 <= -3.5e+56:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(lambda1, (phi1 - phi2))
	else:
		tmp = R * math.hypot(phi2, (lambda1 - lambda2))
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi1 <= -3.5e+56)
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(lambda1, Float64(phi1 - phi2)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * hypot(phi2, Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi1 <= -3.5e+56)
		tmp = R * hypot(lambda1, (phi1 - phi2));
	else
		tmp = R * hypot(phi2, (lambda1 - lambda2));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[phi1, -3.5e+56], N[(R * N[Sqrt[lambda1 ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[Sqrt[phi2 ^ 2 + N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -3.5 \cdot 10^{+56}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\phi_2, \lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 16: 85.8% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (* R (hypot (- lambda1 lambda2) (- phi1 phi2))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return R * hypot((lambda1 - lambda2), (phi1 - phi2));
}
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return R * Math.hypot((lambda1 - lambda2), (phi1 - phi2));
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return R * math.hypot((lambda1 - lambda2), (phi1 - phi2))
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(R * hypot(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2), Float64(phi1 - phi2)))
end
function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = R * hypot((lambda1 - lambda2), (phi1 - phi2));
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(R * N[Sqrt[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
R \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2, \phi_1 - \phi_2\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 17: 28.6% accurate, 29.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -7.5 \cdot 10^{+51}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(-\phi_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.08 \cdot 10^{-70}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \lambda_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq -2.6 \cdot 10^{-86}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(-\lambda_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.56 \cdot 10^{-142}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \lambda_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \phi_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= phi1 -7.5e+51)
   (* R (- phi1))
   (if (<= phi1 -1.08e-70)
     (* R lambda2)
     (if (<= phi1 -2.6e-86)
       (* R (- lambda1))
       (if (<= phi1 -1.56e-142) (* R lambda2) (* R phi2))))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -7.5e+51) {
		tmp = R * -phi1;
	} else if (phi1 <= -1.08e-70) {
		tmp = R * lambda2;
	} else if (phi1 <= -2.6e-86) {
		tmp = R * -lambda1;
	} else if (phi1 <= -1.56e-142) {
		tmp = R * lambda2;
	} else {
		tmp = R * phi2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (phi1 <= (-7.5d+51)) then
        tmp = r * -phi1
    else if (phi1 <= (-1.08d-70)) then
        tmp = r * lambda2
    else if (phi1 <= (-2.6d-86)) then
        tmp = r * -lambda1
    else if (phi1 <= (-1.56d-142)) then
        tmp = r * lambda2
    else
        tmp = r * phi2
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -7.5e+51) {
		tmp = R * -phi1;
	} else if (phi1 <= -1.08e-70) {
		tmp = R * lambda2;
	} else if (phi1 <= -2.6e-86) {
		tmp = R * -lambda1;
	} else if (phi1 <= -1.56e-142) {
		tmp = R * lambda2;
	} else {
		tmp = R * phi2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if phi1 <= -7.5e+51:
		tmp = R * -phi1
	elif phi1 <= -1.08e-70:
		tmp = R * lambda2
	elif phi1 <= -2.6e-86:
		tmp = R * -lambda1
	elif phi1 <= -1.56e-142:
		tmp = R * lambda2
	else:
		tmp = R * phi2
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi1 <= -7.5e+51)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(-phi1));
	elseif (phi1 <= -1.08e-70)
		tmp = Float64(R * lambda2);
	elseif (phi1 <= -2.6e-86)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(-lambda1));
	elseif (phi1 <= -1.56e-142)
		tmp = Float64(R * lambda2);
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * phi2);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi1 <= -7.5e+51)
		tmp = R * -phi1;
	elseif (phi1 <= -1.08e-70)
		tmp = R * lambda2;
	elseif (phi1 <= -2.6e-86)
		tmp = R * -lambda1;
	elseif (phi1 <= -1.56e-142)
		tmp = R * lambda2;
	else
		tmp = R * phi2;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[phi1, -7.5e+51], N[(R * (-phi1)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi1, -1.08e-70], N[(R * lambda2), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi1, -2.6e-86], N[(R * (-lambda1)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi1, -1.56e-142], N[(R * lambda2), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * phi2), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -7.5 \cdot 10^{+51}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(-\phi_1\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.08 \cdot 10^{-70}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \lambda_2\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq -2.6 \cdot 10^{-86}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(-\lambda_1\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.56 \cdot 10^{-142}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \lambda_2\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \phi_2\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 18: 31.2% accurate, 36.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_2 \leq -3 \cdot 10^{-70} \lor \neg \left(\lambda_2 \leq 3.6 \cdot 10^{+112}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= lambda2 -3e-70) (not (<= lambda2 3.6e+112)))
   (* R (- lambda2 lambda1))
   (* R (- phi2 phi1))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if ((lambda2 <= -3e-70) || !(lambda2 <= 3.6e+112)) {
		tmp = R * (lambda2 - lambda1);
	} else {
		tmp = R * (phi2 - phi1);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((lambda2 <= (-3d-70)) .or. (.not. (lambda2 <= 3.6d+112))) then
        tmp = r * (lambda2 - lambda1)
    else
        tmp = r * (phi2 - phi1)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if ((lambda2 <= -3e-70) || !(lambda2 <= 3.6e+112)) {
		tmp = R * (lambda2 - lambda1);
	} else {
		tmp = R * (phi2 - phi1);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if (lambda2 <= -3e-70) or not (lambda2 <= 3.6e+112):
		tmp = R * (lambda2 - lambda1)
	else:
		tmp = R * (phi2 - phi1)
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((lambda2 <= -3e-70) || !(lambda2 <= 3.6e+112))
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(lambda2 - lambda1));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(phi2 - phi1));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((lambda2 <= -3e-70) || ~((lambda2 <= 3.6e+112)))
		tmp = R * (lambda2 - lambda1);
	else
		tmp = R * (phi2 - phi1);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[Or[LessEqual[lambda2, -3e-70], N[Not[LessEqual[lambda2, 3.6e+112]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(R * N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[(phi2 - phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\lambda_2 \leq -3 \cdot 10^{-70} \lor \neg \left(\lambda_2 \leq 3.6 \cdot 10^{+112}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 19: 31.5% accurate, 36.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -3.9 \cdot 10^{+54}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(-\phi_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-294}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \phi_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= phi1 -3.9e+54)
   (* R (- phi1))
   (if (<= phi1 5.5e-294) (* R (- lambda2 lambda1)) (* R phi2))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -3.9e+54) {
		tmp = R * -phi1;
	} else if (phi1 <= 5.5e-294) {
		tmp = R * (lambda2 - lambda1);
	} else {
		tmp = R * phi2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (phi1 <= (-3.9d+54)) then
        tmp = r * -phi1
    else if (phi1 <= 5.5d-294) then
        tmp = r * (lambda2 - lambda1)
    else
        tmp = r * phi2
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -3.9e+54) {
		tmp = R * -phi1;
	} else if (phi1 <= 5.5e-294) {
		tmp = R * (lambda2 - lambda1);
	} else {
		tmp = R * phi2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if phi1 <= -3.9e+54:
		tmp = R * -phi1
	elif phi1 <= 5.5e-294:
		tmp = R * (lambda2 - lambda1)
	else:
		tmp = R * phi2
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi1 <= -3.9e+54)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(-phi1));
	elseif (phi1 <= 5.5e-294)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(lambda2 - lambda1));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * phi2);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi1 <= -3.9e+54)
		tmp = R * -phi1;
	elseif (phi1 <= 5.5e-294)
		tmp = R * (lambda2 - lambda1);
	else
		tmp = R * phi2;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[phi1, -3.9e+54], N[(R * (-phi1)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi1, 5.5e-294], N[(R * N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * phi2), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -3.9 \cdot 10^{+54}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(-\phi_1\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-294}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \phi_2\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 20: 28.6% accurate, 46.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.1 \cdot 10^{+52}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(-\phi_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.05 \cdot 10^{-142}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \lambda_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \phi_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= phi1 -1.1e+52)
   (* R (- phi1))
   (if (<= phi1 -1.05e-142) (* R lambda2) (* R phi2))))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -1.1e+52) {
		tmp = R * -phi1;
	} else if (phi1 <= -1.05e-142) {
		tmp = R * lambda2;
	} else {
		tmp = R * phi2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (phi1 <= (-1.1d+52)) then
        tmp = r * -phi1
    else if (phi1 <= (-1.05d-142)) then
        tmp = r * lambda2
    else
        tmp = r * phi2
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -1.1e+52) {
		tmp = R * -phi1;
	} else if (phi1 <= -1.05e-142) {
		tmp = R * lambda2;
	} else {
		tmp = R * phi2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if phi1 <= -1.1e+52:
		tmp = R * -phi1
	elif phi1 <= -1.05e-142:
		tmp = R * lambda2
	else:
		tmp = R * phi2
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi1 <= -1.1e+52)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(-phi1));
	elseif (phi1 <= -1.05e-142)
		tmp = Float64(R * lambda2);
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * phi2);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi1 <= -1.1e+52)
		tmp = R * -phi1;
	elseif (phi1 <= -1.05e-142)
		tmp = R * lambda2;
	else
		tmp = R * phi2;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[phi1, -1.1e+52], N[(R * (-phi1)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi1, -1.05e-142], N[(R * lambda2), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * phi2), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.1 \cdot 10^{+52}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(-\phi_1\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.05 \cdot 10^{-142}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \lambda_2\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \phi_2\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 21: 27.0% accurate, 65.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq 9.6 \cdot 10^{-13}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \lambda_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \phi_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= phi2 9.6e-13) (* R lambda2) (* R phi2)))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= 9.6e-13) {
		tmp = R * lambda2;
	} else {
		tmp = R * phi2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (phi2 <= 9.6d-13) then
        tmp = r * lambda2
    else
        tmp = r * phi2
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= 9.6e-13) {
		tmp = R * lambda2;
	} else {
		tmp = R * phi2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	tmp = 0
	if phi2 <= 9.6e-13:
		tmp = R * lambda2
	else:
		tmp = R * phi2
	return tmp
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= 9.6e-13)
		tmp = Float64(R * lambda2);
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * phi2);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (phi2 <= 9.6e-13)
		tmp = R * lambda2;
	else
		tmp = R * phi2;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := If[LessEqual[phi2, 9.6e-13], N[(R * lambda2), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * phi2), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq 9.6 \cdot 10^{-13}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \lambda_2\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \phi_2\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 22: 14.3% accurate, 109.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ R \cdot \lambda_2 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2) :precision binary64 (* R lambda2))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return R * lambda2;
}
real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    code = r * lambda2
end function
public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return R * lambda2;
}
def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	return R * lambda2
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(R * lambda2)
end
function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	tmp = R * lambda2;
end
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(R * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
R \cdot \lambda_2
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023348 
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Equirectangular approximation to distance on a great circle"
  :precision binary64
  (* R (sqrt (+ (* (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2.0))) (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2.0)))) (* (- phi1 phi2) (- phi1 phi2))))))