Given's Rotation SVD example

Percentage Accurate: 79.4% → 99.9%
Time: 14.5s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[10^{-150} < \left|x\right| \land \left|x\right| < 10^{+150}\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(4 \cdot p\right) \cdot p + x \cdot x}}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (p x)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (* 0.5 (+ 1.0 (/ x (sqrt (+ (* (* 4.0 p) p) (* x x))))))))
double code(double p, double x) {
	return sqrt((0.5 * (1.0 + (x / sqrt((((4.0 * p) * p) + (x * x)))))));
}
real(8) function code(p, x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: p
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = sqrt((0.5d0 * (1.0d0 + (x / sqrt((((4.0d0 * p) * p) + (x * x)))))))
end function
public static double code(double p, double x) {
	return Math.sqrt((0.5 * (1.0 + (x / Math.sqrt((((4.0 * p) * p) + (x * x)))))));
}
def code(p, x):
	return math.sqrt((0.5 * (1.0 + (x / math.sqrt((((4.0 * p) * p) + (x * x)))))))
function code(p, x)
	return sqrt(Float64(0.5 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(x / sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(4.0 * p) * p) + Float64(x * x)))))))
end
function tmp = code(p, x)
	tmp = sqrt((0.5 * (1.0 + (x / sqrt((((4.0 * p) * p) + (x * x)))))));
end
code[p_, x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 * N[(1.0 + N[(x / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(4.0 * p), $MachinePrecision] * p), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(4 \cdot p\right) \cdot p + x \cdot x}}\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 79.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(4 \cdot p\right) \cdot p + x \cdot x}}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (p x)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (* 0.5 (+ 1.0 (/ x (sqrt (+ (* (* 4.0 p) p) (* x x))))))))
double code(double p, double x) {
	return sqrt((0.5 * (1.0 + (x / sqrt((((4.0 * p) * p) + (x * x)))))));
}
real(8) function code(p, x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: p
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = sqrt((0.5d0 * (1.0d0 + (x / sqrt((((4.0d0 * p) * p) + (x * x)))))))
end function
public static double code(double p, double x) {
	return Math.sqrt((0.5 * (1.0 + (x / Math.sqrt((((4.0 * p) * p) + (x * x)))))));
}
def code(p, x):
	return math.sqrt((0.5 * (1.0 + (x / math.sqrt((((4.0 * p) * p) + (x * x)))))))
function code(p, x)
	return sqrt(Float64(0.5 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(x / sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(4.0 * p) * p) + Float64(x * x)))))))
end
function tmp = code(p, x)
	tmp = sqrt((0.5 * (1.0 + (x / sqrt((((4.0 * p) * p) + (x * x)))))));
end
code[p_, x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 * N[(1.0 + N[(x / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(4.0 * p), $MachinePrecision] * p), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(4 \cdot p\right) \cdot p + x \cdot x}}\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.9% accurate, 0.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} p_m = \left|p\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{hypot}\left(x, p_m \cdot 2\right)\\ t_1 := \frac{t_0}{x}\\ t_2 := {t_1}^{-3}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p_m \cdot \left(4 \cdot p_m\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.99996:\\ \;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, {t_2}^{3}, 0.125\right)}{0.25 + \left(0.25 \cdot {t_1}^{-6} + t_2 \cdot -0.25\right)}}}{\sqrt{\left(1 + {t_1}^{-2}\right) - \frac{x}{t_0}}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
p_m = (fabs.f64 p)
(FPCore (p_m x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (hypot x (* p_m 2.0))) (t_1 (/ t_0 x)) (t_2 (pow t_1 -3.0)))
   (if (<= (/ x (sqrt (+ (* p_m (* 4.0 p_m)) (* x x)))) -0.99996)
     (- (* 1.5 (pow (/ p_m x) 3.0)) (/ p_m x))
     (/
      (sqrt
       (/
        (fma 0.125 (pow t_2 3.0) 0.125)
        (+ 0.25 (+ (* 0.25 (pow t_1 -6.0)) (* t_2 -0.25)))))
      (sqrt (- (+ 1.0 (pow t_1 -2.0)) (/ x t_0)))))))
p_m = fabs(p);
double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double t_0 = hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0));
	double t_1 = t_0 / x;
	double t_2 = pow(t_1, -3.0);
	double tmp;
	if ((x / sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996) {
		tmp = (1.5 * pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((fma(0.125, pow(t_2, 3.0), 0.125) / (0.25 + ((0.25 * pow(t_1, -6.0)) + (t_2 * -0.25))))) / sqrt(((1.0 + pow(t_1, -2.0)) - (x / t_0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = abs(p)
function code(p_m, x)
	t_0 = hypot(x, Float64(p_m * 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(t_0 / x)
	t_2 = t_1 ^ -3.0
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(x / sqrt(Float64(Float64(p_m * Float64(4.0 * p_m)) + Float64(x * x)))) <= -0.99996)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.5 * (Float64(p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - Float64(p_m / x));
	else
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(fma(0.125, (t_2 ^ 3.0), 0.125) / Float64(0.25 + Float64(Float64(0.25 * (t_1 ^ -6.0)) + Float64(t_2 * -0.25))))) / sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 + (t_1 ^ -2.0)) - Float64(x / t_0))));
	end
	return tmp
end
p_m = N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]
code[p$95$m_, x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[x ^ 2 + N[(p$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(t$95$0 / x), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Power[t$95$1, -3.0], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(x / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(p$95$m * N[(4.0 * p$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.99996], N[(N[(1.5 * N[Power[N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(0.125 * N[Power[t$95$2, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] + 0.125), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.25 + N[(N[(0.25 * N[Power[t$95$1, -6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$2 * -0.25), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[t$95$1, -2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(x / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
p_m = \left|p\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{hypot}\left(x, p_m \cdot 2\right)\\
t_1 := \frac{t_0}{x}\\
t_2 := {t_1}^{-3}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p_m \cdot \left(4 \cdot p_m\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.99996:\\
\;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, {t_2}^{3}, 0.125\right)}{0.25 + \left(0.25 \cdot {t_1}^{-6} + t_2 \cdot -0.25\right)}}}{\sqrt{\left(1 + {t_1}^{-2}\right) - \frac{x}{t_0}}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.9% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} p_m = \left|p\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{hypot}\left(x, p_m \cdot 2\right)\\ t_1 := \frac{t_0}{x}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p_m \cdot \left(4 \cdot p_m\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.99996:\\ \;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\log \left(e^{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, {t_1}^{-3}, 0.5\right)}}\right)}{\sqrt{\left(1 + {t_1}^{-2}\right) - \frac{x}{t_0}}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
p_m = (fabs.f64 p)
(FPCore (p_m x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (hypot x (* p_m 2.0))) (t_1 (/ t_0 x)))
   (if (<= (/ x (sqrt (+ (* p_m (* 4.0 p_m)) (* x x)))) -0.99996)
     (- (* 1.5 (pow (/ p_m x) 3.0)) (/ p_m x))
     (/
      (log (exp (sqrt (fma 0.5 (pow t_1 -3.0) 0.5))))
      (sqrt (- (+ 1.0 (pow t_1 -2.0)) (/ x t_0)))))))
p_m = fabs(p);
double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double t_0 = hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0));
	double t_1 = t_0 / x;
	double tmp;
	if ((x / sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996) {
		tmp = (1.5 * pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	} else {
		tmp = log(exp(sqrt(fma(0.5, pow(t_1, -3.0), 0.5)))) / sqrt(((1.0 + pow(t_1, -2.0)) - (x / t_0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = abs(p)
function code(p_m, x)
	t_0 = hypot(x, Float64(p_m * 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(t_0 / x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(x / sqrt(Float64(Float64(p_m * Float64(4.0 * p_m)) + Float64(x * x)))) <= -0.99996)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.5 * (Float64(p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - Float64(p_m / x));
	else
		tmp = Float64(log(exp(sqrt(fma(0.5, (t_1 ^ -3.0), 0.5)))) / sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 + (t_1 ^ -2.0)) - Float64(x / t_0))));
	end
	return tmp
end
p_m = N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]
code[p$95$m_, x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[x ^ 2 + N[(p$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(t$95$0 / x), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(x / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(p$95$m * N[(4.0 * p$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.99996], N[(N[(1.5 * N[Power[N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[N[Exp[N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 * N[Power[t$95$1, -3.0], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[t$95$1, -2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(x / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
p_m = \left|p\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{hypot}\left(x, p_m \cdot 2\right)\\
t_1 := \frac{t_0}{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p_m \cdot \left(4 \cdot p_m\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.99996:\\
\;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\log \left(e^{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, {t_1}^{-3}, 0.5\right)}}\right)}{\sqrt{\left(1 + {t_1}^{-2}\right) - \frac{x}{t_0}}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.9% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} p_m = \left|p\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{hypot}\left(x, p_m \cdot 2\right)\\ t_1 := \frac{t_0}{x}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p_m \cdot \left(4 \cdot p_m\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.99996:\\ \;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{0.5 + {t_1}^{-3} \cdot 0.5}}{\sqrt{\left(1 + {t_1}^{-2}\right) - \frac{x}{t_0}}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
p_m = (fabs.f64 p)
(FPCore (p_m x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (hypot x (* p_m 2.0))) (t_1 (/ t_0 x)))
   (if (<= (/ x (sqrt (+ (* p_m (* 4.0 p_m)) (* x x)))) -0.99996)
     (- (* 1.5 (pow (/ p_m x) 3.0)) (/ p_m x))
     (/
      (sqrt (+ 0.5 (* (pow t_1 -3.0) 0.5)))
      (sqrt (- (+ 1.0 (pow t_1 -2.0)) (/ x t_0)))))))
p_m = fabs(p);
double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double t_0 = hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0));
	double t_1 = t_0 / x;
	double tmp;
	if ((x / sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996) {
		tmp = (1.5 * pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((0.5 + (pow(t_1, -3.0) * 0.5))) / sqrt(((1.0 + pow(t_1, -2.0)) - (x / t_0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = Math.abs(p);
public static double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0));
	double t_1 = t_0 / x;
	double tmp;
	if ((x / Math.sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996) {
		tmp = (1.5 * Math.pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((0.5 + (Math.pow(t_1, -3.0) * 0.5))) / Math.sqrt(((1.0 + Math.pow(t_1, -2.0)) - (x / t_0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = math.fabs(p)
def code(p_m, x):
	t_0 = math.hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0))
	t_1 = t_0 / x
	tmp = 0
	if (x / math.sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996:
		tmp = (1.5 * math.pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x)
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt((0.5 + (math.pow(t_1, -3.0) * 0.5))) / math.sqrt(((1.0 + math.pow(t_1, -2.0)) - (x / t_0)))
	return tmp
p_m = abs(p)
function code(p_m, x)
	t_0 = hypot(x, Float64(p_m * 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(t_0 / x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(x / sqrt(Float64(Float64(p_m * Float64(4.0 * p_m)) + Float64(x * x)))) <= -0.99996)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.5 * (Float64(p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - Float64(p_m / x));
	else
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(0.5 + Float64((t_1 ^ -3.0) * 0.5))) / sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 + (t_1 ^ -2.0)) - Float64(x / t_0))));
	end
	return tmp
end
p_m = abs(p);
function tmp_2 = code(p_m, x)
	t_0 = hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0));
	t_1 = t_0 / x;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((x / sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996)
		tmp = (1.5 * ((p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	else
		tmp = sqrt((0.5 + ((t_1 ^ -3.0) * 0.5))) / sqrt(((1.0 + (t_1 ^ -2.0)) - (x / t_0)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
p_m = N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]
code[p$95$m_, x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[x ^ 2 + N[(p$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(t$95$0 / x), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(x / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(p$95$m * N[(4.0 * p$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.99996], N[(N[(1.5 * N[Power[N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(N[Power[t$95$1, -3.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[t$95$1, -2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(x / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
p_m = \left|p\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{hypot}\left(x, p_m \cdot 2\right)\\
t_1 := \frac{t_0}{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p_m \cdot \left(4 \cdot p_m\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.99996:\\
\;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{0.5 + {t_1}^{-3} \cdot 0.5}}{\sqrt{\left(1 + {t_1}^{-2}\right) - \frac{x}{t_0}}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 100.0% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} p_m = \left|p\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{hypot}\left(x, p_m \cdot 2\right)\\ t_1 := \frac{t_0}{x}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p_m \cdot \left(4 \cdot p_m\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.99996:\\ \;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \frac{{t_1}^{-3} + 1}{1 + \left({t_1}^{-2} - \frac{x}{t_0}\right)}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
p_m = (fabs.f64 p)
(FPCore (p_m x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (hypot x (* p_m 2.0))) (t_1 (/ t_0 x)))
   (if (<= (/ x (sqrt (+ (* p_m (* 4.0 p_m)) (* x x)))) -0.99996)
     (- (* 1.5 (pow (/ p_m x) 3.0)) (/ p_m x))
     (sqrt
      (*
       0.5
       (/ (+ (pow t_1 -3.0) 1.0) (+ 1.0 (- (pow t_1 -2.0) (/ x t_0)))))))))
p_m = fabs(p);
double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double t_0 = hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0));
	double t_1 = t_0 / x;
	double tmp;
	if ((x / sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996) {
		tmp = (1.5 * pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((0.5 * ((pow(t_1, -3.0) + 1.0) / (1.0 + (pow(t_1, -2.0) - (x / t_0))))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = Math.abs(p);
public static double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0));
	double t_1 = t_0 / x;
	double tmp;
	if ((x / Math.sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996) {
		tmp = (1.5 * Math.pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((0.5 * ((Math.pow(t_1, -3.0) + 1.0) / (1.0 + (Math.pow(t_1, -2.0) - (x / t_0))))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = math.fabs(p)
def code(p_m, x):
	t_0 = math.hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0))
	t_1 = t_0 / x
	tmp = 0
	if (x / math.sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996:
		tmp = (1.5 * math.pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x)
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt((0.5 * ((math.pow(t_1, -3.0) + 1.0) / (1.0 + (math.pow(t_1, -2.0) - (x / t_0))))))
	return tmp
p_m = abs(p)
function code(p_m, x)
	t_0 = hypot(x, Float64(p_m * 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(t_0 / x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(x / sqrt(Float64(Float64(p_m * Float64(4.0 * p_m)) + Float64(x * x)))) <= -0.99996)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.5 * (Float64(p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - Float64(p_m / x));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(Float64(0.5 * Float64(Float64((t_1 ^ -3.0) + 1.0) / Float64(1.0 + Float64((t_1 ^ -2.0) - Float64(x / t_0))))));
	end
	return tmp
end
p_m = abs(p);
function tmp_2 = code(p_m, x)
	t_0 = hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0));
	t_1 = t_0 / x;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((x / sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996)
		tmp = (1.5 * ((p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	else
		tmp = sqrt((0.5 * (((t_1 ^ -3.0) + 1.0) / (1.0 + ((t_1 ^ -2.0) - (x / t_0))))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
p_m = N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]
code[p$95$m_, x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[x ^ 2 + N[(p$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(t$95$0 / x), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(x / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(p$95$m * N[(4.0 * p$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.99996], N[(N[(1.5 * N[Power[N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 * N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$1, -3.0], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(N[Power[t$95$1, -2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
p_m = \left|p\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{hypot}\left(x, p_m \cdot 2\right)\\
t_1 := \frac{t_0}{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p_m \cdot \left(4 \cdot p_m\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.99996:\\
\;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \frac{{t_1}^{-3} + 1}{1 + \left({t_1}^{-2} - \frac{x}{t_0}\right)}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 100.0% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} p_m = \left|p\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p_m \cdot \left(4 \cdot p_m\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.99996:\\ \;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left({\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(x, p_m \cdot 2\right)}{x}}\right)}^{1.5}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
p_m = (fabs.f64 p)
(FPCore (p_m x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ x (sqrt (+ (* p_m (* 4.0 p_m)) (* x x)))) -0.99996)
   (- (* 1.5 (pow (/ p_m x) 3.0)) (/ p_m x))
   (pow
    (pow (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (/ 1.0 (/ (hypot x (* p_m 2.0)) x)))) 1.5)
    0.3333333333333333)))
p_m = fabs(p);
double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x / sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996) {
		tmp = (1.5 * pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	} else {
		tmp = pow(pow((0.5 + (0.5 * (1.0 / (hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0)) / x)))), 1.5), 0.3333333333333333);
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = Math.abs(p);
public static double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x / Math.sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996) {
		tmp = (1.5 * Math.pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.pow(Math.pow((0.5 + (0.5 * (1.0 / (Math.hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0)) / x)))), 1.5), 0.3333333333333333);
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = math.fabs(p)
def code(p_m, x):
	tmp = 0
	if (x / math.sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996:
		tmp = (1.5 * math.pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x)
	else:
		tmp = math.pow(math.pow((0.5 + (0.5 * (1.0 / (math.hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0)) / x)))), 1.5), 0.3333333333333333)
	return tmp
p_m = abs(p)
function code(p_m, x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(x / sqrt(Float64(Float64(p_m * Float64(4.0 * p_m)) + Float64(x * x)))) <= -0.99996)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.5 * (Float64(p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - Float64(p_m / x));
	else
		tmp = (Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * Float64(1.0 / Float64(hypot(x, Float64(p_m * 2.0)) / x)))) ^ 1.5) ^ 0.3333333333333333;
	end
	return tmp
end
p_m = abs(p);
function tmp_2 = code(p_m, x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((x / sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996)
		tmp = (1.5 * ((p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	else
		tmp = ((0.5 + (0.5 * (1.0 / (hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0)) / x)))) ^ 1.5) ^ 0.3333333333333333;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
p_m = N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]
code[p$95$m_, x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(p$95$m * N[(4.0 * p$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.99996], N[(N[(1.5 * N[Power[N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Power[N[Power[N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[x ^ 2 + N[(p$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.5], $MachinePrecision], 0.3333333333333333], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
p_m = \left|p\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p_m \cdot \left(4 \cdot p_m\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.99996:\\
\;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{\left({\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(x, p_m \cdot 2\right)}{x}}\right)}^{1.5}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 100.0% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} p_m = \left|p\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p_m \cdot \left(4 \cdot p_m\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.99996:\\ \;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(x, p_m \cdot 2\right)}{x}}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
p_m = (fabs.f64 p)
(FPCore (p_m x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ x (sqrt (+ (* p_m (* 4.0 p_m)) (* x x)))) -0.99996)
   (- (* 1.5 (pow (/ p_m x) 3.0)) (/ p_m x))
   (sqrt (+ 0.5 (/ 0.5 (/ (hypot x (* p_m 2.0)) x))))))
p_m = fabs(p);
double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x / sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996) {
		tmp = (1.5 * pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 / (hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0)) / x))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = Math.abs(p);
public static double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x / Math.sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996) {
		tmp = (1.5 * Math.pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 / (Math.hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0)) / x))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = math.fabs(p)
def code(p_m, x):
	tmp = 0
	if (x / math.sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996:
		tmp = (1.5 * math.pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x)
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 / (math.hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0)) / x))))
	return tmp
p_m = abs(p)
function code(p_m, x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(x / sqrt(Float64(Float64(p_m * Float64(4.0 * p_m)) + Float64(x * x)))) <= -0.99996)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.5 * (Float64(p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - Float64(p_m / x));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 / Float64(hypot(x, Float64(p_m * 2.0)) / x))));
	end
	return tmp
end
p_m = abs(p);
function tmp_2 = code(p_m, x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((x / sqrt(((p_m * (4.0 * p_m)) + (x * x)))) <= -0.99996)
		tmp = (1.5 * ((p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	else
		tmp = sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 / (hypot(x, (p_m * 2.0)) / x))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
p_m = N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]
code[p$95$m_, x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(p$95$m * N[(4.0 * p$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.99996], N[(N[(1.5 * N[Power[N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 / N[(N[Sqrt[x ^ 2 + N[(p$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
p_m = \left|p\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{x}{\sqrt{p_m \cdot \left(4 \cdot p_m\right) + x \cdot x}} \leq -0.99996:\\
\;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(x, p_m \cdot 2\right)}{x}}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 79.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} p_m = \left|p\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1050000:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{p_m \cdot \sqrt{2}}{x} \cdot \left(-\sqrt{0.5}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq -2.8 \cdot 10^{-32} \lor \neg \left(x \leq -7.8 \cdot 10^{-91}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{x}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(p_m \cdot 2, x\right)}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
p_m = (fabs.f64 p)
(FPCore (p_m x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x -1050000.0)
   (* (/ (* p_m (sqrt 2.0)) x) (- (sqrt 0.5)))
   (if (or (<= x -2.8e-32) (not (<= x -7.8e-91)))
     (sqrt (* 0.5 (+ 1.0 (/ x (hypot (* p_m 2.0) x)))))
     (- (* 1.5 (pow (/ p_m x) 3.0)) (/ p_m x)))))
p_m = fabs(p);
double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -1050000.0) {
		tmp = ((p_m * sqrt(2.0)) / x) * -sqrt(0.5);
	} else if ((x <= -2.8e-32) || !(x <= -7.8e-91)) {
		tmp = sqrt((0.5 * (1.0 + (x / hypot((p_m * 2.0), x)))));
	} else {
		tmp = (1.5 * pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = Math.abs(p);
public static double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -1050000.0) {
		tmp = ((p_m * Math.sqrt(2.0)) / x) * -Math.sqrt(0.5);
	} else if ((x <= -2.8e-32) || !(x <= -7.8e-91)) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((0.5 * (1.0 + (x / Math.hypot((p_m * 2.0), x)))));
	} else {
		tmp = (1.5 * Math.pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = math.fabs(p)
def code(p_m, x):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= -1050000.0:
		tmp = ((p_m * math.sqrt(2.0)) / x) * -math.sqrt(0.5)
	elif (x <= -2.8e-32) or not (x <= -7.8e-91):
		tmp = math.sqrt((0.5 * (1.0 + (x / math.hypot((p_m * 2.0), x)))))
	else:
		tmp = (1.5 * math.pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x)
	return tmp
p_m = abs(p)
function code(p_m, x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= -1050000.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(p_m * sqrt(2.0)) / x) * Float64(-sqrt(0.5)));
	elseif ((x <= -2.8e-32) || !(x <= -7.8e-91))
		tmp = sqrt(Float64(0.5 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(x / hypot(Float64(p_m * 2.0), x)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.5 * (Float64(p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - Float64(p_m / x));
	end
	return tmp
end
p_m = abs(p);
function tmp_2 = code(p_m, x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= -1050000.0)
		tmp = ((p_m * sqrt(2.0)) / x) * -sqrt(0.5);
	elseif ((x <= -2.8e-32) || ~((x <= -7.8e-91)))
		tmp = sqrt((0.5 * (1.0 + (x / hypot((p_m * 2.0), x)))));
	else
		tmp = (1.5 * ((p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
p_m = N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]
code[p$95$m_, x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1050000.0], N[(N[(N[(p$95$m * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision], If[Or[LessEqual[x, -2.8e-32], N[Not[LessEqual[x, -7.8e-91]], $MachinePrecision]], N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 * N[(1.0 + N[(x / N[Sqrt[N[(p$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + x ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.5 * N[Power[N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
p_m = \left|p\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1050000:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{p_m \cdot \sqrt{2}}{x} \cdot \left(-\sqrt{0.5}\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq -2.8 \cdot 10^{-32} \lor \neg \left(x \leq -7.8 \cdot 10^{-91}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{x}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(p_m \cdot 2, x\right)}\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 68.0% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} p_m = \left|p\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\ \mathbf{if}\;p_m \leq 5.8 \cdot 10^{-262}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;p_m \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;p_m \leq 2.7 \cdot 10^{-153}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;p_m \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-60}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
p_m = (fabs.f64 p)
(FPCore (p_m x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- (* 1.5 (pow (/ p_m x) 3.0)) (/ p_m x))))
   (if (<= p_m 5.8e-262)
     1.0
     (if (<= p_m 1.9e-170)
       t_0
       (if (<= p_m 2.7e-153) 1.0 (if (<= p_m 4.2e-60) t_0 (sqrt 0.5)))))))
p_m = fabs(p);
double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double t_0 = (1.5 * pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	double tmp;
	if (p_m <= 5.8e-262) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else if (p_m <= 1.9e-170) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (p_m <= 2.7e-153) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else if (p_m <= 4.2e-60) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = abs(p)
real(8) function code(p_m, x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: p_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (1.5d0 * ((p_m / x) ** 3.0d0)) - (p_m / x)
    if (p_m <= 5.8d-262) then
        tmp = 1.0d0
    else if (p_m <= 1.9d-170) then
        tmp = t_0
    else if (p_m <= 2.7d-153) then
        tmp = 1.0d0
    else if (p_m <= 4.2d-60) then
        tmp = t_0
    else
        tmp = sqrt(0.5d0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
p_m = Math.abs(p);
public static double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double t_0 = (1.5 * Math.pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	double tmp;
	if (p_m <= 5.8e-262) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else if (p_m <= 1.9e-170) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (p_m <= 2.7e-153) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else if (p_m <= 4.2e-60) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = math.fabs(p)
def code(p_m, x):
	t_0 = (1.5 * math.pow((p_m / x), 3.0)) - (p_m / x)
	tmp = 0
	if p_m <= 5.8e-262:
		tmp = 1.0
	elif p_m <= 1.9e-170:
		tmp = t_0
	elif p_m <= 2.7e-153:
		tmp = 1.0
	elif p_m <= 4.2e-60:
		tmp = t_0
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(0.5)
	return tmp
p_m = abs(p)
function code(p_m, x)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(1.5 * (Float64(p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - Float64(p_m / x))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (p_m <= 5.8e-262)
		tmp = 1.0;
	elseif (p_m <= 1.9e-170)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (p_m <= 2.7e-153)
		tmp = 1.0;
	elseif (p_m <= 4.2e-60)
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end
p_m = abs(p);
function tmp_2 = code(p_m, x)
	t_0 = (1.5 * ((p_m / x) ^ 3.0)) - (p_m / x);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (p_m <= 5.8e-262)
		tmp = 1.0;
	elseif (p_m <= 1.9e-170)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (p_m <= 2.7e-153)
		tmp = 1.0;
	elseif (p_m <= 4.2e-60)
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(0.5);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
p_m = N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]
code[p$95$m_, x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(1.5 * N[Power[N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(p$95$m / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[p$95$m, 5.8e-262], 1.0, If[LessEqual[p$95$m, 1.9e-170], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[p$95$m, 2.7e-153], 1.0, If[LessEqual[p$95$m, 4.2e-60], t$95$0, N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
p_m = \left|p\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 1.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{p_m}{x}\right)}^{3} - \frac{p_m}{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;p_m \leq 5.8 \cdot 10^{-262}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;p_m \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\

\mathbf{elif}\;p_m \leq 2.7 \cdot 10^{-153}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;p_m \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-60}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 69.1% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} p_m = \left|p\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;p_m \leq 9 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
p_m = (fabs.f64 p)
(FPCore (p_m x) :precision binary64 (if (<= p_m 9e-38) 1.0 (sqrt 0.5)))
p_m = fabs(p);
double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (p_m <= 9e-38) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = abs(p)
real(8) function code(p_m, x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: p_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (p_m <= 9d-38) then
        tmp = 1.0d0
    else
        tmp = sqrt(0.5d0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
p_m = Math.abs(p);
public static double code(double p_m, double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (p_m <= 9e-38) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}
p_m = math.fabs(p)
def code(p_m, x):
	tmp = 0
	if p_m <= 9e-38:
		tmp = 1.0
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(0.5)
	return tmp
p_m = abs(p)
function code(p_m, x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (p_m <= 9e-38)
		tmp = 1.0;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end
p_m = abs(p);
function tmp_2 = code(p_m, x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (p_m <= 9e-38)
		tmp = 1.0;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(0.5);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
p_m = N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]
code[p$95$m_, x_] := If[LessEqual[p$95$m, 9e-38], 1.0, N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
p_m = \left|p\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;p_m \leq 9 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 55.5% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} p_m = \left|p\right| \\ \sqrt{0.5} \end{array} \]
p_m = (fabs.f64 p)
(FPCore (p_m x) :precision binary64 (sqrt 0.5))
p_m = fabs(p);
double code(double p_m, double x) {
	return sqrt(0.5);
}
p_m = abs(p)
real(8) function code(p_m, x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: p_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = sqrt(0.5d0)
end function
p_m = Math.abs(p);
public static double code(double p_m, double x) {
	return Math.sqrt(0.5);
}
p_m = math.fabs(p)
def code(p_m, x):
	return math.sqrt(0.5)
p_m = abs(p)
function code(p_m, x)
	return sqrt(0.5)
end
p_m = abs(p);
function tmp = code(p_m, x)
	tmp = sqrt(0.5);
end
p_m = N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]
code[p$95$m_, x_] := N[Sqrt[0.5], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
p_m = \left|p\right|

\\
\sqrt{0.5}
\end{array}
Derivation
    &prev;&pcontext;&pcontext2;&ctx;
  1. Add Preprocessing

Developer target: 79.4% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{\mathsf{copysign}\left(0.5, x\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2 \cdot p}{x}\right)}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (p x)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (+ 0.5 (/ (copysign 0.5 x) (hypot 1.0 (/ (* 2.0 p) x))))))
double code(double p, double x) {
	return sqrt((0.5 + (copysign(0.5, x) / hypot(1.0, ((2.0 * p) / x)))));
}
public static double code(double p, double x) {
	return Math.sqrt((0.5 + (Math.copySign(0.5, x) / Math.hypot(1.0, ((2.0 * p) / x)))));
}
def code(p, x):
	return math.sqrt((0.5 + (math.copysign(0.5, x) / math.hypot(1.0, ((2.0 * p) / x)))))
function code(p, x)
	return sqrt(Float64(0.5 + Float64(copysign(0.5, x) / hypot(1.0, Float64(Float64(2.0 * p) / x)))))
end
function tmp = code(p, x)
	tmp = sqrt((0.5 + ((sign(x) * abs(0.5)) / hypot(1.0, ((2.0 * p) / x)))));
end
code[p_, x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[0.5], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(N[(2.0 * p), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{\mathsf{copysign}\left(0.5, x\right)}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{2 \cdot p}{x}\right)}}
\end{array}

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023347 
(FPCore (p x)
  :name "Given's Rotation SVD example"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (and (< 1e-150 (fabs x)) (< (fabs x) 1e+150))

  :herbie-target
  (sqrt (+ 0.5 (/ (copysign 0.5 x) (hypot 1.0 (/ (* 2.0 p) x)))))

  (sqrt (* 0.5 (+ 1.0 (/ x (sqrt (+ (* (* 4.0 p) p) (* x x))))))))