
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)))) (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))))
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
float t_0 = (1.0f - ux) + (ux * maxCos);
return sinf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
}
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) + Float32(ux * maxCos)) return Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0)))) end
function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = (single(1.0) - ux) + (ux * maxCos); tmp = sin(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))) * sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\\
\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - t_0 \cdot t_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 11 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)))) (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))))
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
float t_0 = (1.0f - ux) + (ux * maxCos);
return sinf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
}
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) + Float32(ux * maxCos)) return Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0)))) end
function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = (single(1.0) - ux) + (ux * maxCos); tmp = sin(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))) * sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\\
\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - t_0 \cdot t_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(*
(sin (cbrt (* (pow (* uy 2.0) 3.0) (pow PI 3.0))))
(sqrt
(+
(* (pow ux 2.0) (* (+ -1.0 maxCos) (- 1.0 maxCos)))
(* ux (- (- (- 1.0 maxCos) maxCos) -1.0))))))
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
return sinf(cbrtf((powf((uy * 2.0f), 3.0f) * powf(((float) M_PI), 3.0f)))) * sqrtf(((powf(ux, 2.0f) * ((-1.0f + maxCos) * (1.0f - maxCos))) + (ux * (((1.0f - maxCos) - maxCos) - -1.0f))));
}
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) return Float32(sin(cbrt(Float32((Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) ^ Float32(3.0)) * (Float32(pi) ^ Float32(3.0))))) * sqrt(Float32(Float32((ux ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + maxCos) * Float32(Float32(1.0) - maxCos))) + Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - maxCos) - maxCos) - Float32(-1.0)))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin \left(\sqrt[3]{{\left(uy \cdot 2\right)}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{{ux}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-1 + maxCos\right) \cdot \left(1 - maxCos\right)\right) + ux \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - maxCos\right) - maxCos\right) - -1\right)}
\end{array}
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(cbrt
(*
(pow
(-
(* (pow ux 2.0) (* (+ -1.0 maxCos) (- 1.0 maxCos)))
(* ux (+ -2.0 (* 2.0 maxCos))))
1.5)
(pow (sin (* 2.0 (* uy PI))) 3.0))))
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
return cbrtf((powf(((powf(ux, 2.0f) * ((-1.0f + maxCos) * (1.0f - maxCos))) - (ux * (-2.0f + (2.0f * maxCos)))), 1.5f) * powf(sinf((2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI)))), 3.0f)));
}
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) return cbrt(Float32((Float32(Float32((ux ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + maxCos) * Float32(Float32(1.0) - maxCos))) - Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(-2.0) + Float32(Float32(2.0) * maxCos)))) ^ Float32(1.5)) * (sin(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))) ^ Float32(3.0)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt[3]{{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-1 + maxCos\right) \cdot \left(1 - maxCos\right)\right) - ux \cdot \left(-2 + 2 \cdot maxCos\right)\right)}^{1.5} \cdot {\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{3}}
\end{array}
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- (* ux (+ 2.0 (* maxCos -2.0))) (pow (* ux (+ -1.0 maxCos)) 2.0)))))
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
return sinf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf(((ux * (2.0f + (maxCos * -2.0f))) - powf((ux * (-1.0f + maxCos)), 2.0f)));
}
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) return Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) + Float32(maxCos * Float32(-2.0)))) - (Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(-1.0) + maxCos)) ^ Float32(2.0))))) end
function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos) tmp = sin(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))) * sqrt(((ux * (single(2.0) + (maxCos * single(-2.0)))) - ((ux * (single(-1.0) + maxCos)) ^ single(2.0)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 + maxCos \cdot -2\right) - {\left(ux \cdot \left(-1 + maxCos\right)\right)}^{2}}
\end{array}
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(if (<= maxCos 3.000000106112566e-6)
(* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (* ux (- 2.0 ux))))
(*
2.0
(*
(* uy PI)
(sqrt
(+
(* (pow ux 2.0) (* (+ -1.0 maxCos) (- 1.0 maxCos)))
(* ux (- 2.0 (* 2.0 maxCos)))))))))
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
float tmp;
if (maxCos <= 3.000000106112566e-6f) {
tmp = sinf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((ux * (2.0f - ux)));
} else {
tmp = 2.0f * ((uy * ((float) M_PI)) * sqrtf(((powf(ux, 2.0f) * ((-1.0f + maxCos) * (1.0f - maxCos))) + (ux * (2.0f - (2.0f * maxCos))))));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (maxCos <= Float32(3.000000106112566e-6)) tmp = Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) - ux)))); else tmp = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(pi)) * sqrt(Float32(Float32((ux ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + maxCos) * Float32(Float32(1.0) - maxCos))) + Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) - Float32(Float32(2.0) * maxCos))))))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(ux, uy, maxCos) tmp = single(0.0); if (maxCos <= single(3.000000106112566e-6)) tmp = sin(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))) * sqrt((ux * (single(2.0) - ux))); else tmp = single(2.0) * ((uy * single(pi)) * sqrt((((ux ^ single(2.0)) * ((single(-1.0) + maxCos) * (single(1.0) - maxCos))) + (ux * (single(2.0) - (single(2.0) * maxCos)))))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;maxCos \leq 3.000000106112566 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\left(uy \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{{ux}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(-1 + maxCos\right) \cdot \left(1 - maxCos\right)\right) + ux \cdot \left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(if (<= maxCos 2.499999936844688e-5)
(* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (* ux (- 2.0 ux))))
(*
(sin (* uy (* 2.0 PI)))
(sqrt (* ux (- (- 1.0 (+ -1.0 maxCos)) maxCos))))))
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
float tmp;
if (maxCos <= 2.499999936844688e-5f) {
tmp = sinf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((ux * (2.0f - ux)));
} else {
tmp = sinf((uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI)))) * sqrtf((ux * ((1.0f - (-1.0f + maxCos)) - maxCos)));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (maxCos <= Float32(2.499999936844688e-5)) tmp = Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) - ux)))); else tmp = Float32(sin(Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))) * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(Float32(-1.0) + maxCos)) - maxCos)))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(ux, uy, maxCos) tmp = single(0.0); if (maxCos <= single(2.499999936844688e-5)) tmp = sin(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))) * sqrt((ux * (single(2.0) - ux))); else tmp = sin((uy * (single(2.0) * single(pi)))) * sqrt((ux * ((single(1.0) - (single(-1.0) + maxCos)) - maxCos))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;maxCos \leq 2.499999936844688 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - \left(-1 + maxCos\right)\right) - maxCos\right)}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI))))
(if (<= maxCos 2.499999936844688e-5)
(* t_0 (sqrt (* ux (- 2.0 ux))))
(* t_0 (sqrt (* ux (- 2.0 (* 2.0 maxCos))))))))
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
float t_0 = sinf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI)));
float tmp;
if (maxCos <= 2.499999936844688e-5f) {
tmp = t_0 * sqrtf((ux * (2.0f - ux)));
} else {
tmp = t_0 * sqrtf((ux * (2.0f - (2.0f * maxCos))));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = sin(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (maxCos <= Float32(2.499999936844688e-5)) tmp = Float32(t_0 * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) - ux)))); else tmp = Float32(t_0 * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) - Float32(Float32(2.0) * maxCos))))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = sin(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))); tmp = single(0.0); if (maxCos <= single(2.499999936844688e-5)) tmp = t_0 * sqrt((ux * (single(2.0) - ux))); else tmp = t_0 * sqrt((ux * (single(2.0) - (single(2.0) * maxCos)))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;maxCos \leq 2.499999936844688 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (* ux (- 2.0 ux)))))
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
return sinf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((ux * (2.0f - ux)));
}
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) return Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) - ux)))) end
function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos) tmp = sin(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))) * sqrt((ux * (single(2.0) - ux))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}
\end{array}
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (* 2.0 (* uy (* PI (sqrt (* ux (- 2.0 ux)))))))
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
return 2.0f * (uy * (((float) M_PI) * sqrtf((ux * (2.0f - ux)))));
}
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) return Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(pi) * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) - ux)))))) end
function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos) tmp = single(2.0) * (uy * (single(pi) * sqrt((ux * (single(2.0) - ux))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}\right)\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (* (* 2.0 (* uy PI)) (sqrt (* ux (- 2.0 ux)))))
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
return (2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((ux * (2.0f - ux)));
}
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) - ux)))) end
function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos) tmp = (single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi))) * sqrt((ux * (single(2.0) - ux))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}
\end{array}
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (* (* 2.0 (* uy PI)) (sqrt (* 2.0 ux))))
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
return (2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((2.0f * ux));
}
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(2.0) * ux))) end
function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos) tmp = (single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi))) * sqrt((single(2.0) * ux)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot ux}
\end{array}
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 0.0)
float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
return 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(ux, uy, maxcos)
real(4), intent (in) :: ux
real(4), intent (in) :: uy
real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
code = 0.0e0
end function
function code(ux, uy, maxCos) return Float32(0.0) end
function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos) tmp = single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023343
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
:name "UniformSampleCone, y"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 ux) (<= ux 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 uy) (<= uy 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 maxCos) (<= maxCos 1.0)))
(* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)) (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)))))))