VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)

Percentage Accurate: 6.8% → 96.6%
Time: 18.0s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 9.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t_1 + t_2}{t_1 - t_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t_1 + t_2}{t_1 - t_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 6.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\ t_1 := e^{t_0}\\ t_2 := e^{-t_0}\\ -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t_1 + t_2}{t_1 - t_2}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (t_1 (exp t_0)) (t_2 (exp (- t_0))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ t_1 t_2) (- t_1 t_2)))))))
double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (((double) M_PI) / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / 4.0) * f;
	double t_1 = Math.exp(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.exp(-t_0);
	return -((1.0 / (Math.PI / 4.0)) * Math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
}
def code(f):
	t_0 = (math.pi / 4.0) * f
	t_1 = math.exp(t_0)
	t_2 = math.exp(-t_0)
	return -((1.0 / (math.pi / 4.0)) * math.log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))))
function code(f)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / 4.0) * f)
	t_1 = exp(t_0)
	t_2 = exp(Float64(-t_0))
	return Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi / 4.0)) * log(Float64(Float64(t_1 + t_2) / Float64(t_1 - t_2)))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	t_0 = (pi / 4.0) * f;
	t_1 = exp(t_0);
	t_2 = exp(-t_0);
	tmp = -((1.0 / (pi / 4.0)) * log(((t_1 + t_2) / (t_1 - t_2))));
end
code[f_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * f), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-t$95$0)], $MachinePrecision]}, (-N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi / 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[N[(N[(t$95$1 + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f\\
t_1 := e^{t_0}\\
t_2 := e^{-t_0}\\
-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t_1 + t_2}{t_1 - t_2}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 96.6% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 4 \cdot \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-\pi\right)\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, {\pi}^{3} \cdot 0.005208333333333333, {f}^{5} \cdot \left({\pi}^{5} \cdot 1.6276041666666666 \cdot 10^{-5}\right)\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  4.0
  (/
   (-
    (log
     (/
      (+ (exp (* 0.25 (* f (- PI)))) (exp (* 0.25 (* f PI))))
      (fma
       f
       (* PI 0.5)
       (fma
        (pow f 3.0)
        (* (pow PI 3.0) 0.005208333333333333)
        (* (pow f 5.0) (* (pow PI 5.0) 1.6276041666666666e-5)))))))
   PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return 4.0 * (-log(((exp((0.25 * (f * -((double) M_PI)))) + exp((0.25 * (f * ((double) M_PI))))) / fma(f, (((double) M_PI) * 0.5), fma(pow(f, 3.0), (pow(((double) M_PI), 3.0) * 0.005208333333333333), (pow(f, 5.0) * (pow(((double) M_PI), 5.0) * 1.6276041666666666e-5)))))) / ((double) M_PI));
}
function code(f)
	return Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(-log(Float64(Float64(exp(Float64(0.25 * Float64(f * Float64(-pi)))) + exp(Float64(0.25 * Float64(f * pi)))) / fma(f, Float64(pi * 0.5), fma((f ^ 3.0), Float64((pi ^ 3.0) * 0.005208333333333333), Float64((f ^ 5.0) * Float64((pi ^ 5.0) * 1.6276041666666666e-5))))))) / pi))
end
code[f_] := N[(4.0 * N[((-N[Log[N[(N[(N[Exp[N[(0.25 * N[(f * (-Pi)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Exp[N[(0.25 * N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[f, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[Pi, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.005208333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[f, 5.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[Pi, 5.0], $MachinePrecision] * 1.6276041666666666e-5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
4 \cdot \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-\pi\right)\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, {\pi}^{3} \cdot 0.005208333333333333, {f}^{5} \cdot \left({\pi}^{5} \cdot 1.6276041666666666 \cdot 10^{-5}\right)\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Taylor expanded in f around inf 6.8%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  3. Taylor expanded in f around 0 97.7%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi\right) + \left({f}^{3} \cdot \left(0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. fma-def97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, 0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi, {f}^{3} \cdot \left(0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
    2. distribute-rgt-out--97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(0.25 - -0.25\right)}, {f}^{3} \cdot \left(0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. metadata-eval97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}, {f}^{3} \cdot \left(0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    4. fma-def97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, 0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3}, {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    5. distribute-rgt-out--97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, \color{blue}{{\pi}^{3} \cdot \left(0.0026041666666666665 - -0.0026041666666666665\right)}, {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    6. metadata-eval97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, {\pi}^{3} \cdot \color{blue}{0.005208333333333333}, {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    7. distribute-rgt-out--97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, {\pi}^{3} \cdot 0.005208333333333333, {f}^{5} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\pi}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6}\right)\right)}\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    8. metadata-eval97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, {\pi}^{3} \cdot 0.005208333333333333, {f}^{5} \cdot \left({\pi}^{5} \cdot \color{blue}{1.6276041666666666 \cdot 10^{-5}}\right)\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  5. Simplified97.7%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, {\pi}^{3} \cdot 0.005208333333333333, {f}^{5} \cdot \left({\pi}^{5} \cdot 1.6276041666666666 \cdot 10^{-5}\right)\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  6. Final simplification97.7%

    \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \frac{-\log \left(\frac{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \left(-\pi\right)\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, {\pi}^{3} \cdot 0.005208333333333333, {f}^{5} \cdot \left({\pi}^{5} \cdot 1.6276041666666666 \cdot 10^{-5}\right)\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]

Alternative 2: 96.4% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 4 \cdot \frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333, \frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (* 4.0 (/ (- (log (fma f (* PI 0.08333333333333333) (/ 4.0 (* f PI))))) PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return 4.0 * (-log(fma(f, (((double) M_PI) * 0.08333333333333333), (4.0 / (f * ((double) M_PI))))) / ((double) M_PI));
}
function code(f)
	return Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(-log(fma(f, Float64(pi * 0.08333333333333333), Float64(4.0 / Float64(f * pi))))) / pi))
end
code[f_] := N[(4.0 * N[((-N[Log[N[(f * N[(Pi * 0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 / N[(f * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
4 \cdot \frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333, \frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Taylor expanded in f around 0 97.4%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(-0.25 \cdot \frac{\pi}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi} + \left(0.25 \cdot \frac{\pi}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi} + \left(f \cdot \left(0.0625 \cdot \frac{{\pi}^{2}}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi} - 2 \cdot \frac{0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3}}{{\left(0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}\right) + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{f \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
  3. Simplified97.4%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.0625, 2 \cdot \pi, \frac{0.005208333333333333}{0.5 \cdot \frac{0.5}{\pi}} \cdot -2\right), \frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num97.4%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{4}{\pi}} \cdot \log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.0625, 2 \cdot \pi, \frac{0.005208333333333333}{0.5 \cdot \frac{0.5}{\pi}} \cdot -2\right), \frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)\right) \]
    2. expm1-log1p-u96.3%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.0625, 2 \cdot \pi, \frac{0.005208333333333333}{0.5 \cdot \frac{0.5}{\pi}} \cdot -2\right), \frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    3. expm1-udef96.3%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.0625, 2 \cdot \pi, \frac{0.005208333333333333}{0.5 \cdot \frac{0.5}{\pi}} \cdot -2\right), \frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)\right)\right)} - 1\right)} \]
  5. Applied egg-rr96.3%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, -0.041666666666666664 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi, \frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)\right)\right)} - 1\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-def96.3%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, -0.041666666666666664 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi, \frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-log1p97.4%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, -0.041666666666666664 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi, \frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)\right)} \]
    3. associate-*l/97.5%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{4 \cdot \log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, -0.041666666666666664 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi, \frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)\right)}{\pi}} \]
    4. *-commutative97.5%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, -0.041666666666666664 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi, \frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)\right) \cdot 4}}{\pi} \]
    5. associate-*l/97.5%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, -0.041666666666666664 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi, \frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)\right)}{\pi} \cdot 4} \]
    6. *-commutative97.5%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, -0.041666666666666664 \cdot \pi + 0.125 \cdot \pi, \frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)\right)}{\pi}} \]
    7. distribute-rgt-out97.5%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-0.041666666666666664 + 0.125\right)}, \frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
    8. metadata-eval97.5%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.08333333333333333}, \frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]
  7. Simplified97.5%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333, \frac{4}{\pi \cdot f}\right)\right)}{\pi}} \]
  8. Final simplification97.5%

    \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.08333333333333333, \frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)\right)}{\pi} \]

Alternative 3: 95.8% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \left(\log f - \log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (/ 4.0 PI) (- (log f) (log (/ 4.0 PI)))))
double code(double f) {
	return (4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) * (log(f) - log((4.0 / ((double) M_PI))));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return (4.0 / Math.PI) * (Math.log(f) - Math.log((4.0 / Math.PI)));
}
def code(f):
	return (4.0 / math.pi) * (math.log(f) - math.log((4.0 / math.pi)))
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) * Float64(log(f) - log(Float64(4.0 / pi))))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = (4.0 / pi) * (log(f) - log((4.0 / pi)));
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Log[f], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \left(\log f - \log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Taylor expanded in f around 0 97.0%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\pi}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/97.0%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{2}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f\right)}{\pi}} \]
    2. associate-/l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{4}{\frac{\pi}{\log \left(\frac{2}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}}} \]
    3. associate-/r/97.0%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{2}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f\right)} \]
    4. mul-1-neg97.0%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{2}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\log f\right)}\right) \]
    5. unsub-neg97.0%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(\frac{2}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi}\right) - \log f\right)} \]
    6. distribute-rgt-out--97.0%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(0.25 - -0.25\right)}}\right) - \log f\right) \]
    7. *-commutative97.0%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(0.25 - -0.25\right) \cdot \pi}}\right) - \log f\right) \]
    8. associate-/r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \left(\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{2}{0.25 - -0.25}}{\pi}\right)} - \log f\right) \]
    9. metadata-eval97.0%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{0.5}}}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right) \]
    10. metadata-eval97.0%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{4}}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right) \]
  4. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \left(\log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right) - \log f\right)} \]
  5. Final simplification97.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{4}{\pi} \cdot \left(\log f - \log \left(\frac{4}{\pi}\right)\right) \]

Alternative 4: 95.9% accurate, 3.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 4 \cdot \frac{-\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* 4.0 (/ (- (log (/ (/ 4.0 PI) f))) PI)))
double code(double f) {
	return 4.0 * (-log(((4.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / f)) / ((double) M_PI));
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return 4.0 * (-Math.log(((4.0 / Math.PI) / f)) / Math.PI);
}
def code(f):
	return 4.0 * (-math.log(((4.0 / math.pi) / f)) / math.pi)
function code(f)
	return Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(-log(Float64(Float64(4.0 / pi) / f))) / pi))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = 4.0 * (-log(((4.0 / pi) / f)) / pi);
end
code[f_] := N[(4.0 * N[((-N[Log[N[(N[(4.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / f), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
4 \cdot \frac{-\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Taylor expanded in f around inf 6.8%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  3. Taylor expanded in f around 0 97.0%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{f \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative97.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot f}}\right)}{\pi} \]
    2. associate-/r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{2}{0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
    3. distribute-rgt-out--97.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(0.25 - -0.25\right)}}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
    4. metadata-eval97.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{2}{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]
  5. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{2}{\pi \cdot 0.5}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in f around 0 97.0%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \pi}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l/97.0%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  8. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}}{\pi} \]
  9. Final simplification97.0%

    \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \frac{-\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\pi}}{f}\right)}{\pi} \]

Alternative 5: 17.3% accurate, 5.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\log 0.005224609375 \cdot -16}{\pi} \cdot \left(-4\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ (* (log 0.005224609375) -16.0) PI) (- 4.0)))
double code(double f) {
	return ((log(0.005224609375) * -16.0) / ((double) M_PI)) * -4.0;
}
public static double code(double f) {
	return ((Math.log(0.005224609375) * -16.0) / Math.PI) * -4.0;
}
def code(f):
	return ((math.log(0.005224609375) * -16.0) / math.pi) * -4.0
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(0.005224609375) * -16.0) / pi) * Float64(-4.0))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = ((log(0.005224609375) * -16.0) / pi) * -4.0;
end
code[f_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[0.005224609375], $MachinePrecision] * -16.0), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision] * (-4.0)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\log 0.005224609375 \cdot -16}{\pi} \cdot \left(-4\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Taylor expanded in f around inf 6.8%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} - e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}\right)}{\pi}} \]
  3. Taylor expanded in f around 0 97.7%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi\right) + \left({f}^{3} \cdot \left(0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. fma-def97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, 0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi, {f}^{3} \cdot \left(0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
    2. distribute-rgt-out--97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(0.25 - -0.25\right)}, {f}^{3} \cdot \left(0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    3. metadata-eval97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}, {f}^{3} \cdot \left(0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3}\right) + {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    4. fma-def97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, 0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3} - -0.0026041666666666665 \cdot {\pi}^{3}, {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)}\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    5. distribute-rgt-out--97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, \color{blue}{{\pi}^{3} \cdot \left(0.0026041666666666665 - -0.0026041666666666665\right)}, {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    6. metadata-eval97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, {\pi}^{3} \cdot \color{blue}{0.005208333333333333}, {f}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    7. distribute-rgt-out--97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, {\pi}^{3} \cdot 0.005208333333333333, {f}^{5} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\pi}^{5} \cdot \left(8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6} - -8.138020833333333 \cdot 10^{-6}\right)\right)}\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
    8. metadata-eval97.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, {\pi}^{3} \cdot 0.005208333333333333, {f}^{5} \cdot \left({\pi}^{5} \cdot \color{blue}{1.6276041666666666 \cdot 10^{-5}}\right)\right)\right)}\right)}{\pi} \]
  5. Simplified97.7%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{e^{-0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)} + e^{0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right)}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(f, \pi \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left({f}^{3}, {\pi}^{3} \cdot 0.005208333333333333, {f}^{5} \cdot \left({\pi}^{5} \cdot 1.6276041666666666 \cdot 10^{-5}\right)\right)\right)}}\right)}{\pi} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr17.3%

    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log 0.005224609375 \cdot -16}}{\pi} \]
  7. Final simplification17.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\log 0.005224609375 \cdot -16}{\pi} \cdot \left(-4\right) \]

Alternative 6: 16.1% accurate, 5.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log 0.001953125 \cdot \left(-\log 0.001953125\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (log 0.001953125) (- (log 0.001953125))))
double code(double f) {
	return log(0.001953125) * -log(0.001953125);
}
real(8) function code(f)
    real(8), intent (in) :: f
    code = log(0.001953125d0) * -log(0.001953125d0)
end function
public static double code(double f) {
	return Math.log(0.001953125) * -Math.log(0.001953125);
}
def code(f):
	return math.log(0.001953125) * -math.log(0.001953125)
function code(f)
	return Float64(log(0.001953125) * Float64(-log(0.001953125)))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = log(0.001953125) * -log(0.001953125);
end
code[f_] := N[(N[Log[0.001953125], $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Log[0.001953125], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\log 0.001953125 \cdot \left(-\log 0.001953125\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.9%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi\right)}}\right) \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-rgt-out--96.9%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{f \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(0.25 - -0.25\right)\right)}}\right) \]
    2. metadata-eval96.9%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)}\right) \]
  4. Simplified96.9%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]
  5. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.9%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(0.125 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr0.0%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{e^{\log \log 0.001953125 + \log \log 0.001953125}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. exp-sum0.0%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{e^{\log \log 0.001953125} \cdot e^{\log \log 0.001953125}} \]
    2. rem-exp-log0.0%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\log 0.001953125} \cdot e^{\log \log 0.001953125} \]
    3. rem-exp-log16.1%

      \[\leadsto -\log 0.001953125 \cdot \color{blue}{\log 0.001953125} \]
  8. Simplified16.1%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\log 0.001953125 \cdot \log 0.001953125} \]
  9. Final simplification16.1%

    \[\leadsto \log 0.001953125 \cdot \left(-\log 0.001953125\right) \]

Alternative 7: 14.6% accurate, 5.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -\left|\log 0.001953125\right| \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (- (fabs (log 0.001953125))))
double code(double f) {
	return -fabs(log(0.001953125));
}
real(8) function code(f)
    real(8), intent (in) :: f
    code = -abs(log(0.001953125d0))
end function
public static double code(double f) {
	return -Math.abs(Math.log(0.001953125));
}
def code(f):
	return -math.fabs(math.log(0.001953125))
function code(f)
	return Float64(-abs(log(0.001953125)))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = -abs(log(0.001953125));
end
code[f_] := (-N[Abs[N[Log[0.001953125], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision])
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-\left|\log 0.001953125\right|
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.9%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi\right)}}\right) \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-rgt-out--96.9%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{f \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(0.25 - -0.25\right)\right)}}\right) \]
    2. metadata-eval96.9%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)}\right) \]
  4. Simplified96.9%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]
  5. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.9%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(0.125 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr14.7%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\left|\log 0.001953125\right|} \]
  7. Final simplification14.7%

    \[\leadsto -\left|\log 0.001953125\right| \]

Alternative 8: 13.4% accurate, 9.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-\log 0.001953125}{-16} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (/ (- (log 0.001953125)) -16.0))
double code(double f) {
	return -log(0.001953125) / -16.0;
}
real(8) function code(f)
    real(8), intent (in) :: f
    code = -log(0.001953125d0) / (-16.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double f) {
	return -Math.log(0.001953125) / -16.0;
}
def code(f):
	return -math.log(0.001953125) / -16.0
function code(f)
	return Float64(Float64(-log(0.001953125)) / -16.0)
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = -log(0.001953125) / -16.0;
end
code[f_] := N[((-N[Log[0.001953125], $MachinePrecision]) / -16.0), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-\log 0.001953125}{-16}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.9%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi\right)}}\right) \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-rgt-out--96.9%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{f \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(0.25 - -0.25\right)\right)}}\right) \]
    2. metadata-eval96.9%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)}\right) \]
  4. Simplified96.9%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]
  5. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.9%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(0.125 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr13.5%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{\log 0.001953125}{-16}} \]
  7. Final simplification13.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-\log 0.001953125}{-16} \]

Alternative 9: 1.6% accurate, 10.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -\log 0.001953125 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (- (log 0.001953125)))
double code(double f) {
	return -log(0.001953125);
}
real(8) function code(f)
    real(8), intent (in) :: f
    code = -log(0.001953125d0)
end function
public static double code(double f) {
	return -Math.log(0.001953125);
}
def code(f):
	return -math.log(0.001953125)
function code(f)
	return Float64(-log(0.001953125))
end
function tmp = code(f)
	tmp = -log(0.001953125);
end
code[f_] := (-N[Log[0.001953125], $MachinePrecision])
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-\log 0.001953125
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.8%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.9%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot \pi - -0.25 \cdot \pi\right)}}\right) \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-rgt-out--96.9%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{f \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(0.25 - -0.25\right)\right)}}\right) \]
    2. metadata-eval96.9%

      \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)}\right) \]
  4. Simplified96.9%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\pi}{4} \cdot f}}{\color{blue}{f \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]
  5. Taylor expanded in f around 0 96.9%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{1}{\frac{\pi}{4}} \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(0.125 \cdot \left(f \cdot \pi\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{f \cdot \pi}\right)} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr1.6%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{-16}{\frac{-16}{\log 0.001953125}}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r/1.6%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{-16}{-16} \cdot \log 0.001953125} \]
    2. metadata-eval1.6%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{1} \cdot \log 0.001953125 \]
    3. *-lft-identity1.6%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\log 0.001953125} \]
  8. Simplified1.6%

    \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\log 0.001953125} \]
  9. Final simplification1.6%

    \[\leadsto -\log 0.001953125 \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023336 
(FPCore (f)
  :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)"
  :precision binary64
  (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ PI 4.0)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))) (- (exp (* (/ PI 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ PI 4.0) f)))))))))