Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 24.0% → 92.0%
Time: 1.6min
Alternatives: 4
Speedup: 2485.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t_0\\ t_2 := \cos t_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t_1\right) \cdot t_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_3 \cdot t_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale))
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	return Float64(Float64(t_3 * t_3) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	tmp = (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$3 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t_0\\
t_2 := \cos t_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t_1\right) \cdot t_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_3 \cdot t_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 4 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t_0\\ t_2 := \cos t_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t_1\right) \cdot t_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_3 \cdot t_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale))
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	return Float64(Float64(t_3 * t_3) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	tmp = (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$3 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t_0\\
t_2 := \cos t_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t_1\right) \cdot t_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_3 \cdot t_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 92.0% accurate, 118.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\\ t_1 := \frac{y-scale}{b} \cdot \frac{x-scale}{a}\\ \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{-272}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \frac{1}{t_1 \cdot t_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot \left(b \cdot t_0\right)\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ a (* x-scale y-scale))) (t_1 (* (/ y-scale b) (/ x-scale a))))
   (if (<= y-scale 7.6e-272)
     (* -4.0 (/ 1.0 (* t_1 t_1)))
     (* -4.0 (* b (* t_0 (* b t_0)))))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
	double t_1 = (y_45_scale / b) * (x_45_scale / a);
	double tmp;
	if (y_45_scale <= 7.6e-272) {
		tmp = -4.0 * (1.0 / (t_1 * t_1));
	} else {
		tmp = -4.0 * (b * (t_0 * (b * t_0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = a / (x_45scale * y_45scale)
    t_1 = (y_45scale / b) * (x_45scale / a)
    if (y_45scale <= 7.6d-272) then
        tmp = (-4.0d0) * (1.0d0 / (t_1 * t_1))
    else
        tmp = (-4.0d0) * (b * (t_0 * (b * t_0)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
	double t_1 = (y_45_scale / b) * (x_45_scale / a);
	double tmp;
	if (y_45_scale <= 7.6e-272) {
		tmp = -4.0 * (1.0 / (t_1 * t_1));
	} else {
		tmp = -4.0 * (b * (t_0 * (b * t_0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)
	t_1 = (y_45_scale / b) * (x_45_scale / a)
	tmp = 0
	if y_45_scale <= 7.6e-272:
		tmp = -4.0 * (1.0 / (t_1 * t_1))
	else:
		tmp = -4.0 * (b * (t_0 * (b * t_0)))
	return tmp
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(a / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(y_45_scale / b) * Float64(x_45_scale / a))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (y_45_scale <= 7.6e-272)
		tmp = Float64(-4.0 * Float64(1.0 / Float64(t_1 * t_1)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(-4.0 * Float64(b * Float64(t_0 * Float64(b * t_0))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
	t_1 = (y_45_scale / b) * (x_45_scale / a);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (y_45_scale <= 7.6e-272)
		tmp = -4.0 * (1.0 / (t_1 * t_1));
	else
		tmp = -4.0 * (b * (t_0 * (b * t_0)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(y$45$scale / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y$45$scale, 7.6e-272], N[(-4.0 * N[(1.0 / N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(-4.0 * N[(b * N[(t$95$0 * N[(b * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\\
t_1 := \frac{y-scale}{b} \cdot \frac{x-scale}{a}\\
\mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{-272}:\\
\;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \frac{1}{t_1 \cdot t_1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot \left(b \cdot t_0\right)\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if y-scale < 7.5999999999999994e-272

    1. Initial program 27.1%

      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Simplified22.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 48.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. times-frac48.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      4. Simplified48.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. add-sqr-sqrt48.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}\right)} \]
        2. pow248.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}} \]
        3. frac-times48.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}}\right)}^{2} \]
        4. *-commutative48.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \]
        5. pow-prod-down64.7%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \]
        6. pow-prod-down80.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\frac{{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}}}\right)}^{2} \]
      6. Applied egg-rr80.9%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}} \]
      7. Taylor expanded in b around 0 93.7%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutative93.7%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
        2. associate-/l*94.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}}^{2} \]
      9. Simplified94.6%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}}^{2} \]
      10. Step-by-step derivation
        1. unpow294.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}} \cdot \frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)} \]
        2. clear-num94.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}{b}}} \cdot \frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right) \]
        3. clear-num94.5%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}{b}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}{b}}}\right) \]
        4. frac-times94.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1}{\frac{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}{b} \cdot \frac{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}{b}}} \]
        5. metadata-eval94.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\frac{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}{b} \cdot \frac{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}{b}} \]
        6. associate-/r*93.0%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a \cdot b}} \cdot \frac{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}{b}} \]
        7. associate-/r*93.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a \cdot b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a \cdot b}}} \]
        8. *-commutative93.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a \cdot b}} \]
        9. *-commutative93.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{y-scale \cdot x-scale}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \cdot \frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a \cdot b}} \]
        10. times-frac90.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{y-scale}{b} \cdot \frac{x-scale}{a}\right)} \cdot \frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a \cdot b}} \]
        11. *-commutative90.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\frac{y-scale}{b} \cdot \frac{x-scale}{a}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}{a \cdot b}} \]
        12. *-commutative90.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\frac{y-scale}{b} \cdot \frac{x-scale}{a}\right) \cdot \frac{y-scale \cdot x-scale}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}}} \]
        13. times-frac96.5%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\frac{y-scale}{b} \cdot \frac{x-scale}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y-scale}{b} \cdot \frac{x-scale}{a}\right)}} \]
      11. Applied egg-rr96.5%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\frac{y-scale}{b} \cdot \frac{x-scale}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{y-scale}{b} \cdot \frac{x-scale}{a}\right)}} \]

      if 7.5999999999999994e-272 < y-scale

      1. Initial program 28.3%

        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Simplified24.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 49.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. times-frac49.3%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
        4. Simplified49.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. add-sqr-sqrt49.3%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}\right)} \]
          2. pow249.3%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}} \]
          3. frac-times49.2%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}}\right)}^{2} \]
          4. *-commutative49.2%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \]
          5. pow-prod-down60.3%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \]
          6. pow-prod-down78.1%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\frac{{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}}}\right)}^{2} \]
        6. Applied egg-rr78.1%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}} \]
        7. Taylor expanded in b around 0 96.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
        8. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutative96.2%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
          2. associate-/l*95.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}}^{2} \]
        9. Simplified95.4%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}}^{2} \]
        10. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unpow295.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}} \cdot \frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)} \]
          2. div-inv95.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)} \cdot \frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right) \]
          3. clear-num95.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right) \]
          4. associate-*l*95.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)\right)} \]
          5. div-inv95.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
          6. clear-num95.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right)\right)\right) \]
        11. Applied egg-rr95.4%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification96.0%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{-272}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \frac{1}{\left(\frac{y-scale}{b} \cdot \frac{x-scale}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{y-scale}{b} \cdot \frac{x-scale}{a}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

      Alternative 2: 93.5% accurate, 22.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}^{2} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
       :precision binary64
       (* -4.0 (pow (/ b (/ (* x-scale y-scale) a)) 2.0)))
      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	return -4.0 * pow((b / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) / a)), 2.0);
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
          code = (-4.0d0) * ((b / ((x_45scale * y_45scale) / a)) ** 2.0d0)
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	return -4.0 * Math.pow((b / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) / a)), 2.0);
      }
      
      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
      	return -4.0 * math.pow((b / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) / a)), 2.0)
      
      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	return Float64(-4.0 * (Float64(b / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) / a)) ^ 2.0))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	tmp = -4.0 * ((b / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) / a)) ^ 2.0);
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(-4.0 * N[Power[N[(b / N[(N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}^{2}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 27.6%

        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Simplified23.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 49.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. times-frac48.6%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
        4. Simplified48.6%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. add-sqr-sqrt48.6%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}\right)} \]
          2. pow248.6%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}} \]
          3. frac-times49.0%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}}\right)}^{2} \]
          4. *-commutative49.0%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \]
          5. pow-prod-down62.8%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \]
          6. pow-prod-down79.7%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\frac{{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}}}\right)}^{2} \]
        6. Applied egg-rr79.7%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}} \]
        7. Taylor expanded in b around 0 94.8%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
        8. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutative94.8%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
          2. associate-/l*94.9%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}}^{2} \]
        9. Simplified94.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}}^{2} \]
        10. Final simplification94.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}^{2} \]

        Alternative 3: 90.6% accurate, 146.2× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\\ -4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot \left(b \cdot t_0\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_0 (/ a (* x-scale y-scale)))) (* -4.0 (* b (* t_0 (* b t_0))))))
        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
        	double t_0 = a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
        	return -4.0 * (b * (t_0 * (b * t_0)));
        }
        
        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
            real(8), intent (in) :: a
            real(8), intent (in) :: b
            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
            real(8) :: t_0
            t_0 = a / (x_45scale * y_45scale)
            code = (-4.0d0) * (b * (t_0 * (b * t_0)))
        end function
        
        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
        	double t_0 = a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
        	return -4.0 * (b * (t_0 * (b * t_0)));
        }
        
        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
        	t_0 = a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)
        	return -4.0 * (b * (t_0 * (b * t_0)))
        
        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
        	t_0 = Float64(a / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))
        	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(b * Float64(t_0 * Float64(b * t_0))))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
        	t_0 = a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
        	tmp = -4.0 * (b * (t_0 * (b * t_0)));
        end
        
        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(-4.0 * N[(b * N[(t$95$0 * N[(b * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_0 := \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\\
        -4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot \left(b \cdot t_0\right)\right)\right)
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 27.6%

          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Simplified23.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 49.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. times-frac48.6%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          4. Simplified48.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. add-sqr-sqrt48.6%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}\right)} \]
            2. pow248.6%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}} \]
            3. frac-times49.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}}\right)}^{2} \]
            4. *-commutative49.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \]
            5. pow-prod-down62.8%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \]
            6. pow-prod-down79.7%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\frac{{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}}}\right)}^{2} \]
          6. Applied egg-rr79.7%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}}\right)}^{2}} \]
          7. Taylor expanded in b around 0 94.8%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
          8. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutative94.8%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
            2. associate-/l*94.9%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}}^{2} \]
          9. Simplified94.9%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}}^{2} \]
          10. Step-by-step derivation
            1. unpow294.9%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}} \cdot \frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)} \]
            2. div-inv94.9%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)} \cdot \frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right) \]
            3. clear-num94.9%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right) \]
            4. associate-*l*93.9%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)\right)} \]
            5. div-inv93.9%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{a}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
            6. clear-num93.8%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right)\right)\right) \]
          11. Applied egg-rr93.8%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right)\right)} \]
          12. Final simplification93.8%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right)\right) \]

          Alternative 4: 34.0% accurate, 2485.0× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0 \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale) :precision binary64 0.0)
          double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
          	return 0.0;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
              real(8), intent (in) :: a
              real(8), intent (in) :: b
              real(8), intent (in) :: angle
              real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
              real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
              code = 0.0d0
          end function
          
          public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
          	return 0.0;
          }
          
          def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
          	return 0.0
          
          function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
          	return 0.0
          end
          
          function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
          	tmp = 0.0;
          end
          
          code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := 0.0
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          0
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 27.6%

            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
          2. Simplified24.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot \left(\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale}, \frac{\cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot \left(\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale}, \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \left(\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot -4\right)\right)} \]
          3. Taylor expanded in b around 0 29.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. distribute-rgt-out29.1%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 + 4\right)} \]
            2. metadata-eval29.1%

              \[\leadsto \frac{{a}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{0} \]
            3. mul0-rgt40.4%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
          5. Simplified40.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
          6. Final simplification40.4%

            \[\leadsto 0 \]

          Reproduce

          ?
          herbie shell --seed 2023333 
          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
            :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
            :precision binary64
            (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))