
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) - sqrt(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - Math.sqrt(x);
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - math.sqrt(x)
function code(x) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{x + 1} - \sqrt{x}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) - sqrt(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - Math.sqrt(x);
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) - math.sqrt(x)
function code(x) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((x + 1.0)) - sqrt(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{x + 1} - \sqrt{x}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ (sqrt x) (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (sqrt(x) + sqrt((1.0 + x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 / (sqrt(x) + sqrt((1.0d0 + x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (Math.sqrt(x) + Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)));
}
def code(x): return 1.0 / (math.sqrt(x) + math.sqrt((1.0 + x)))
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(x) + sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt(x) + sqrt((1.0 + x))); end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{1 + x}}
\end{array}
Initial program 51.9%
flip--51.9%
div-inv51.9%
add-sqr-sqrt51.9%
add-sqr-sqrt52.7%
associate--l+52.7%
Applied egg-rr52.7%
+-commutative52.7%
associate-+l-99.7%
+-inverses99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt x)))) (if (<= t_0 2e-5) (/ 1.0 (+ (sqrt x) (sqrt x))) t_0)))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 2e-5) {
tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt(x) + sqrt(x));
} else {
tmp = t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) - sqrt(x)
if (t_0 <= 2d-5) then
tmp = 1.0d0 / (sqrt(x) + sqrt(x))
else
tmp = t_0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - Math.sqrt(x);
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 2e-5) {
tmp = 1.0 / (Math.sqrt(x) + Math.sqrt(x));
} else {
tmp = t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - math.sqrt(x) tmp = 0 if t_0 <= 2e-5: tmp = 1.0 / (math.sqrt(x) + math.sqrt(x)) else: tmp = t_0 return tmp
function code(x) t_0 = Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x)) tmp = 0.0 if (t_0 <= 2e-5) tmp = Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(x) + sqrt(x))); else tmp = t_0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) t_0 = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x); tmp = 0.0; if (t_0 <= 2e-5) tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt(x) + sqrt(x)); else tmp = t_0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e-5], N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{x} + \sqrt{x}}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 x 1)) (sqrt.f64 x)) < 2.00000000000000016e-5Initial program 5.5%
flip--5.4%
div-inv5.4%
add-sqr-sqrt5.5%
add-sqr-sqrt6.9%
associate--l+6.9%
Applied egg-rr6.9%
+-commutative6.9%
associate-+l-99.6%
+-inverses99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-*r/99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Simplified99.6%
pow1/299.6%
pow-to-exp93.6%
log1p-udef93.6%
Applied egg-rr93.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.7%
if 2.00000000000000016e-5 < (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 x 1)) (sqrt.f64 x)) Initial program 99.7%
Final simplification99.2%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) - sqrt(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - Math.sqrt(x);
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - math.sqrt(x)
function code(x) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{x}
\end{array}
Initial program 51.9%
Final simplification51.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ (sqrt x) (+ 1.0 (* x 0.5)))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (sqrt(x) + (1.0 + (x * 0.5)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 / (sqrt(x) + (1.0d0 + (x * 0.5d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (Math.sqrt(x) + (1.0 + (x * 0.5)));
}
def code(x): return 1.0 / (math.sqrt(x) + (1.0 + (x * 0.5)))
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(x) + Float64(1.0 + Float64(x * 0.5)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt(x) + (1.0 + (x * 0.5))); end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 + N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{x} + \left(1 + x \cdot 0.5\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 51.9%
flip--51.9%
div-inv51.9%
add-sqr-sqrt51.9%
add-sqr-sqrt52.7%
associate--l+52.7%
Applied egg-rr52.7%
+-commutative52.7%
associate-+l-99.7%
+-inverses99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 51.3%
Final simplification51.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ 1.0 (- (* x 0.5) (sqrt x))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 + ((x * 0.5) - sqrt(x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 + ((x * 0.5d0) - sqrt(x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 + ((x * 0.5) - Math.sqrt(x));
}
def code(x): return 1.0 + ((x * 0.5) - math.sqrt(x))
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(x * 0.5) - sqrt(x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 + ((x * 0.5) - sqrt(x)); end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 + N[(N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1 + \left(x \cdot 0.5 - \sqrt{x}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 51.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 50.0%
associate--l+50.0%
+-commutative50.0%
*-commutative50.0%
Applied egg-rr50.0%
Final simplification50.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 1.0)
double code(double x) {
return 1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0;
}
def code(x): return 1.0
function code(x) return 1.0 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0; end
code[x_] := 1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1
\end{array}
Initial program 51.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 49.1%
Final simplification49.1%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 66000000.0) (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt x)) (/ 1.0 (+ (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 66000000.0) {
tmp = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt((x + 1.0)) + sqrt(x));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 66000000.0d0) then
tmp = sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) - sqrt(x)
else
tmp = 1.0d0 / (sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) + sqrt(x))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 66000000.0) {
tmp = Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - Math.sqrt(x);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 / (Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) + Math.sqrt(x));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= 66000000.0: tmp = math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - math.sqrt(x) else: tmp = 1.0 / (math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) + math.sqrt(x)) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 66000000.0) tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x)); else tmp = Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) + sqrt(x))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 66000000.0) tmp = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt(x); else tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt((x + 1.0)) + sqrt(x)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 66000000.0], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 66000000:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{x}}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023333
(FPCore (x)
:name "2sqrt (example 3.1)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (<= x 66000000.0) (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt x)) (/ 1.0 (+ (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x))))
(- (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt x)))