
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log1p (exp x)) (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return log1p(exp(x)) - (x * y);
}
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return Math.log1p(Math.exp(x)) - (x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return math.log1p(math.exp(x)) - (x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(log1p(exp(x)) - Float64(x * y)) end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[1 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y
\end{array}
Initial program 98.1%
log1p-def98.5%
Simplified98.5%
Final simplification98.5%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.4) (* x (- y)) (+ (log 2.0) (* x (- 0.5 y)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.4) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = log(2.0) + (x * (0.5 - y));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.4d0)) then
tmp = x * -y
else
tmp = log(2.0d0) + (x * (0.5d0 - y))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.4) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = Math.log(2.0) + (x * (0.5 - y));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.4: tmp = x * -y else: tmp = math.log(2.0) + (x * (0.5 - y)) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.4) tmp = Float64(x * Float64(-y)); else tmp = Float64(log(2.0) + Float64(x * Float64(0.5 - y))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.4) tmp = x * -y; else tmp = log(2.0) + (x * (0.5 - y)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.4], N[(x * (-y)), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[(0.5 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.4:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log 2 + x \cdot \left(0.5 - y\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.3999999999999999Initial program 98.9%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.9%
associate-*r*98.9%
neg-mul-198.9%
Simplified98.9%
if -1.3999999999999999 < x Initial program 97.7%
log1p-def97.7%
Simplified97.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.3%
Final simplification97.8%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -0.0009) (* x (- y)) (+ (log 2.0) (* x 0.5))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -0.0009) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = log(2.0) + (x * 0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-0.0009d0)) then
tmp = x * -y
else
tmp = log(2.0d0) + (x * 0.5d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -0.0009) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = Math.log(2.0) + (x * 0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -0.0009: tmp = x * -y else: tmp = math.log(2.0) + (x * 0.5) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -0.0009) tmp = Float64(x * Float64(-y)); else tmp = Float64(log(2.0) + Float64(x * 0.5)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -0.0009) tmp = x * -y; else tmp = log(2.0) + (x * 0.5); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -0.0009], N[(x * (-y)), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -0.0009:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log 2 + x \cdot 0.5\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -8.9999999999999998e-4Initial program 98.9%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.9%
associate-*r*98.9%
neg-mul-198.9%
Simplified98.9%
if -8.9999999999999998e-4 < x Initial program 97.7%
log1p-def97.7%
Simplified97.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.3%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 75.1%
*-commutative75.1%
Simplified75.1%
Final simplification83.1%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -72000000.0) (* x (- y)) (- (log 2.0) (* x y))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -72000000.0) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = log(2.0) - (x * y);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-72000000.0d0)) then
tmp = x * -y
else
tmp = log(2.0d0) - (x * y)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -72000000.0) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = Math.log(2.0) - (x * y);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -72000000.0: tmp = x * -y else: tmp = math.log(2.0) - (x * y) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -72000000.0) tmp = Float64(x * Float64(-y)); else tmp = Float64(log(2.0) - Float64(x * y)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -72000000.0) tmp = x * -y; else tmp = log(2.0) - (x * y); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -72000000.0], N[(x * (-y)), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -72000000:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log 2 - x \cdot y\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -7.2e7Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
associate-*r*100.0%
neg-mul-1100.0%
Simplified100.0%
if -7.2e7 < x Initial program 97.2%
log1p-def97.7%
Simplified97.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 95.7%
Final simplification97.1%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -3.6e-10) (* x (- y)) (log 2.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -3.6e-10) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = log(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-3.6d-10)) then
tmp = x * -y
else
tmp = log(2.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -3.6e-10) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = Math.log(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -3.6e-10: tmp = x * -y else: tmp = math.log(2.0) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -3.6e-10) tmp = Float64(x * Float64(-y)); else tmp = log(2.0); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -3.6e-10) tmp = x * -y; else tmp = log(2.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -3.6e-10], N[(x * (-y)), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -3.6 \cdot 10^{-10}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log 2\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -3.6e-10Initial program 98.9%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 96.8%
associate-*r*96.8%
neg-mul-196.8%
Simplified96.8%
if -3.6e-10 < x Initial program 97.6%
log1p-def97.7%
Simplified97.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 74.8%
Final simplification82.5%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (* x (- y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return x * -y;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = x * -y
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return x * -y;
}
def code(x, y): return x * -y
function code(x, y) return Float64(x * Float64(-y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = x * -y; end
code[x_, y_] := N[(x * (-y)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \left(-y\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.1%
log1p-def98.5%
Simplified98.5%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 49.9%
associate-*r*49.9%
neg-mul-149.9%
Simplified49.9%
Final simplification49.9%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (* x 0.5))
double code(double x, double y) {
return x * 0.5;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = x * 0.5d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return x * 0.5;
}
def code(x, y): return x * 0.5
function code(x, y) return Float64(x * 0.5) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = x * 0.5; end
code[x_, y_] := N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot 0.5
\end{array}
Initial program 98.1%
log1p-def98.5%
Simplified98.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 82.5%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 51.0%
*-commutative51.0%
Simplified51.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 3.6%
Final simplification3.6%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 0.0) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp (- x)))) (* (- x) (- 1.0 y)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 0.0) {
tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
} else {
tmp = log((1.0 + exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 0.0d0) then
tmp = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
else
tmp = log((1.0d0 + exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0d0 - y))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 0.0) {
tmp = Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
} else {
tmp = Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= 0.0: tmp = math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y) else: tmp = math.log((1.0 + math.exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y)) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 0.0) tmp = Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y)); else tmp = Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-x)))) - Float64(Float64(-x) * Float64(1.0 - y))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 0.0) tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y); else tmp = log((1.0 + exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, 0.0], N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[((-x) * N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(1 + e^{-x}\right) - \left(-x\right) \cdot \left(1 - y\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023332
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Logistic regression 2"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (<= x 0.0) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp (- x)))) (* (- x) (- 1.0 y))))
(- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))