Beckmann Sample, near normal, slope_y

Percentage Accurate: 57.9% → 98.4%

Time: 12.2s

Alternatives: 8

Speedup: 2.0×

Specification

\[\left(\left(cosTheta_i > 0.9999 \land cosTheta_i \leq 1\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u1 \land u1 \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u2 \land u2 \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (- (log (- 1.0 u1)))) (sin (* (* 2.0 PI) u2))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(-logf((1.0f - u1))) * sinf(((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * u2));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1)))) * sin(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * u2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt(-log((single(1.0) - u1))) * sin(((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * u2));
end

Initial Program: 57.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (- (log (- 1.0 u1)))) (sin (* (* 2.0 PI) u2))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(-logf((1.0f - u1))) * sinf(((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * u2));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1)))) * sin(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * u2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt(-log((single(1.0) - u1))) * sin(((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * u2));
end

Alternative 1: 98.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\\ \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(t_0 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot t_0\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (* 2.0 PI))))
   (* (sqrt (- (log1p (- u1)))) (sin (* t_0 (* u2 t_0))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	float t_0 = sqrtf((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)));
	return sqrtf(-log1pf(-u1)) * sinf((t_0 * (u2 * t_0)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	t_0 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(-log1p(Float32(-u1)))) * sin(Float32(t_0 * Float32(u2 * t_0))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.0%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 62.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u1\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. log1p-def 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

3. Simplified 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-cbrt-cube 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}} \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. add-cbrt-cube 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt[3]{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot u2}}\right) \]

   3. cbrt-unprod 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot u2\right)}\right)} \]

   4. pow3 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}^{3}} \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot u2\right)}\right) \]

   5. pow3 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt[3]{{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}^{3} \cdot \color{blue}{{u2}^{3}}}\right) \]

5. Applied egg-rr 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}^{3} \cdot {u2}^{3}}\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. pow-prod-down 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)}^{3}}}\right) \]

   2. *-commutative 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt[3]{{\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}^{3}}\right) \]

   3. associate-*l* 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt[3]{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}^{3}}\right) \]

   4. rem-cbrt-cube 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

   5. associate-*l* 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]

   6. add-sqr-sqrt 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \pi} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\right)}\right) \]

   7. associate-*r* 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\right)} \]

7. Applied egg-rr 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\right)} \]

8. Final simplification 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\right)\right) \]

Alternative 2: 98.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt[3]{{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}^{3} \cdot {u2}^{3}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  (sqrt (- (log1p (- u1))))
  (sin (cbrt (* (pow (* 2.0 PI) 3.0) (pow u2 3.0))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(-log1pf(-u1)) * sinf(cbrtf((powf((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)), 3.0f) * powf(u2, 3.0f))));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(-log1p(Float32(-u1)))) * sin(cbrt(Float32((Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) ^ Float32(3.0)) * (u2 ^ Float32(3.0))))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.0%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 62.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u1\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. log1p-def 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

3. Simplified 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-cbrt-cube 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}} \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. add-cbrt-cube 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt[3]{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot u2}}\right) \]

   3. cbrt-unprod 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot u2\right)}\right)} \]

   4. pow3 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}^{3}} \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot u2\right)}\right) \]

   5. pow3 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt[3]{{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}^{3} \cdot \color{blue}{{u2}^{3}}}\right) \]

5. Applied egg-rr 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}^{3} \cdot {u2}^{3}}\right)} \]

6. Final simplification 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt[3]{{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}^{3} \cdot {u2}^{3}}\right) \]

Alternative 3: 90.4% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := u2 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq 4.500000159168849 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 2\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin t_0 \cdot \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(\left(--1\right) - u1 \cdot -0.5\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* u2 (* 2.0 PI))))
   (if (<= t_0 4.500000159168849e-6)
     (* (sqrt (- (log1p (- u1)))) (expm1 (* PI (* u2 2.0))))
     (* (sin t_0) (sqrt (* u1 (- (- -1.0) (* u1 -0.5))))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	float t_0 = u2 * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI));
	float tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 4.500000159168849e-6f) {
		tmp = sqrtf(-log1pf(-u1)) * expm1f((((float) M_PI) * (u2 * 2.0f)));
	} else {
		tmp = sinf(t_0) * sqrtf((u1 * (-(-1.0f) - (u1 * -0.5f))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	t_0 = Float32(u2 * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (t_0 <= Float32(4.500000159168849e-6))
		tmp = Float32(sqrt(Float32(-log1p(Float32(-u1)))) * expm1(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(u2 * Float32(2.0)))));
	else
		tmp = Float32(sin(t_0) * sqrt(Float32(u1 * Float32(Float32(-Float32(-1.0)) - Float32(u1 * Float32(-0.5))))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 (*.f32 2 (PI.f32)) u2) < 4.50000016e-6

   1. Initial program 58.4%

      \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 58.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u1\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

      2. log1p-def 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. Simplified 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. expm1-log1p-u 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

      3. associate-*r* 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}\right)\right) \]

   5. Applied egg-rr 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sin \left(\left(u2 \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 95.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* 95.9%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \pi}\right) \]

      2. *-commutative 95.9%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot u2\right)}\right) \]

   8. Simplified 95.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot u2\right)}\right) \]

   if 4.50000016e-6 < (*.f32 (*.f32 2 (PI.f32)) u2)

   1. Initial program 64.3%

      \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 85.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot u1 + -0.5 \cdot {u1}^{2}\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 85.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\left(\color{blue}{u1 \cdot -1} + -0.5 \cdot {u1}^{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

      2. *-commutative 85.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\left(u1 \cdot -1 + \color{blue}{{u1}^{2} \cdot -0.5}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

      3. unpow2 85.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\left(u1 \cdot -1 + \color{blue}{\left(u1 \cdot u1\right)} \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

      4. associate-*l* 85.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\left(u1 \cdot -1 + \color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

      5. distribute-lft-out 85.5%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(-1 + u1 \cdot -0.5\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. Simplified 85.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(-1 + u1 \cdot -0.5\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 89.6%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u2 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \leq 4.500000159168849 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 2\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(u2 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(\left(--1\right) - u1 \cdot -0.5\right)}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 98.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (- (log1p (- u1)))) (sin (* u2 (* 2.0 PI)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(-log1pf(-u1)) * sinf((u2 * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI))));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(-log1p(Float32(-u1)))) * sin(Float32(u2 * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.0%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 62.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-u1\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. log1p-def 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

3. Simplified 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)} \]

4. Final simplification 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(-u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]

Alternative 5: 87.9% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin \left(u2 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(\left(--1\right) - u1 \cdot -0.5\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sin (* u2 (* 2.0 PI))) (sqrt (* u1 (- (- -1.0) (* u1 -0.5))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sinf((u2 * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI)))) * sqrtf((u1 * (-(-1.0f) - (u1 * -0.5f))));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sin(Float32(u2 * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))) * sqrt(Float32(u1 * Float32(Float32(-Float32(-1.0)) - Float32(u1 * Float32(-0.5))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sin((u2 * (single(2.0) * single(pi)))) * sqrt((u1 * (-single(-1.0) - (u1 * single(-0.5)))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.0%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 85.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot u1 + -0.5 \cdot {u1}^{2}\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 85.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\left(\color{blue}{u1 \cdot -1} + -0.5 \cdot {u1}^{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. *-commutative 85.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\left(u1 \cdot -1 + \color{blue}{{u1}^{2} \cdot -0.5}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. unpow2 85.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\left(u1 \cdot -1 + \color{blue}{\left(u1 \cdot u1\right)} \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. associate-*l* 85.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\left(u1 \cdot -1 + \color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

   5. distribute-lft-out 85.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(-1 + u1 \cdot -0.5\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

4. Simplified 85.5%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(-1 + u1 \cdot -0.5\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

5. Final simplification 85.5%

   \[\leadsto \sin \left(u2 \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(\left(--1\right) - u1 \cdot -0.5\right)} \]

Alternative 6: 76.4% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt u1) (sin (* 2.0 (* u2 PI)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(u1) * sinf((2.0f * (u2 * ((float) M_PI))));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(u1) * sin(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u2 * Float32(pi)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt(u1) * sin((single(2.0) * (u2 * single(pi))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.0%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 73.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{-1 \cdot u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg 73.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

4. Simplified 73.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

5. Taylor expanded in u2 around inf 73.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]

6. Final simplification 73.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1} \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]

Alternative 7: 66.4% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2) :precision binary32 (* 2.0 (* u2 (* PI (sqrt u1)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return 2.0f * (u2 * (((float) M_PI) * sqrtf(u1)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u2 * Float32(Float32(pi) * sqrt(u1))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(2.0) * (u2 * (single(pi) * sqrt(u1)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.0%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 73.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{-1 \cdot u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg 73.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

4. Simplified 73.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

5. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 64.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. expm1-log1p-u 64.3%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]

   2. expm1-udef 25.6%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} - 1\right)} \]

   3. *-commutative 25.6%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot u2\right)}\right)} - 1\right) \]

7. Applied egg-rr 25.6%

   \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot u2\right)\right)} - 1\right)} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. expm1-def 64.3%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)} \]

   2. expm1-log1p 64.3%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

   3. associate-*r* 64.2%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right)} \]

   4. *-commutative 64.2%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]

   5. *-commutative 64.2%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)}\right) \]

9. Simplified 64.2%

   \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right)} \]

10. Final simplification 64.2%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right) \]

Alternative 8: 66.4% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2) :precision binary32 (* 2.0 (* (sqrt u1) (* u2 PI))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return 2.0f * (sqrtf(u1) * (u2 * ((float) M_PI)));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(sqrt(u1) * Float32(u2 * Float32(pi))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(2.0) * (sqrt(u1) * (u2 * single(pi)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.0%

   \[\sqrt{-\log \left(1 - u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 73.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{-1 \cdot u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg 73.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

4. Simplified 73.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-\color{blue}{\left(-u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot u2\right) \]

5. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 64.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]

6. Final simplification 64.3%

   \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023332 
(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
  :name "Beckmann Sample, near normal, slope_y"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (> cosTheta_i 0.9999) (<= cosTheta_i 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u1) (<= u1 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u2) (<= u2 1.0)))
  (* (sqrt (- (log (- 1.0 u1)))) (sin (* (* 2.0 PI) u2))))