
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (pow (+ x eps) 5.0) (pow x 5.0)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return pow((x + eps), 5.0) - pow(x, 5.0);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = ((x + eps) ** 5.0d0) - (x ** 5.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.pow((x + eps), 5.0) - Math.pow(x, 5.0);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.pow((x + eps), 5.0) - math.pow(x, 5.0)
function code(x, eps) return Float64((Float64(x + eps) ^ 5.0) - (x ^ 5.0)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = ((x + eps) ^ 5.0) - (x ^ 5.0); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Power[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision], 5.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[x, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 5 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (pow (+ x eps) 5.0) (pow x 5.0)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return pow((x + eps), 5.0) - pow(x, 5.0);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = ((x + eps) ** 5.0d0) - (x ** 5.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.pow((x + eps), 5.0) - Math.pow(x, 5.0);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.pow((x + eps), 5.0) - math.pow(x, 5.0)
function code(x, eps) return Float64((Float64(x + eps) ^ 5.0) - (x ^ 5.0)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = ((x + eps) ^ 5.0) - (x ^ 5.0); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Power[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision], 5.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[x, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x eps)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (- (pow (+ x eps) 5.0) (pow x 5.0))))
(if (or (<= t_0 -2e-290) (not (<= t_0 0.0)))
t_0
(* (pow x 4.0) (* eps 5.0)))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
double t_0 = pow((x + eps), 5.0) - pow(x, 5.0);
double tmp;
if ((t_0 <= -2e-290) || !(t_0 <= 0.0)) {
tmp = t_0;
} else {
tmp = pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = ((x + eps) ** 5.0d0) - (x ** 5.0d0)
if ((t_0 <= (-2d-290)) .or. (.not. (t_0 <= 0.0d0))) then
tmp = t_0
else
tmp = (x ** 4.0d0) * (eps * 5.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
double t_0 = Math.pow((x + eps), 5.0) - Math.pow(x, 5.0);
double tmp;
if ((t_0 <= -2e-290) || !(t_0 <= 0.0)) {
tmp = t_0;
} else {
tmp = Math.pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, eps): t_0 = math.pow((x + eps), 5.0) - math.pow(x, 5.0) tmp = 0 if (t_0 <= -2e-290) or not (t_0 <= 0.0): tmp = t_0 else: tmp = math.pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0) return tmp
function code(x, eps) t_0 = Float64((Float64(x + eps) ^ 5.0) - (x ^ 5.0)) tmp = 0.0 if ((t_0 <= -2e-290) || !(t_0 <= 0.0)) tmp = t_0; else tmp = Float64((x ^ 4.0) * Float64(eps * 5.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, eps) t_0 = ((x + eps) ^ 5.0) - (x ^ 5.0); tmp = 0.0; if ((t_0 <= -2e-290) || ~((t_0 <= 0.0))) tmp = t_0; else tmp = (x ^ 4.0) * (eps * 5.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, eps_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision], 5.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[x, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$0, -2e-290], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$0, 0.0]], $MachinePrecision]], t$95$0, N[(N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(eps * 5.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := {\left(x + \varepsilon\right)}^{5} - {x}^{5}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-290} \lor \neg \left(t_0 \leq 0\right):\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (-.f64 (pow.f64 (+.f64 x eps) 5) (pow.f64 x 5)) < -2.0000000000000001e-290 or 0.0 < (-.f64 (pow.f64 (+.f64 x eps) 5) (pow.f64 x 5)) Initial program 96.7%
if -2.0000000000000001e-290 < (-.f64 (pow.f64 (+.f64 x eps) 5) (pow.f64 x 5)) < 0.0Initial program 83.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 99.9%
distribute-rgt1-in99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Final simplification99.3%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -1.45e-46) (not (<= x 2.05e-53))) (* 5.0 (* eps (pow x 4.0))) (pow eps 5.0)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.45e-46) || !(x <= 2.05e-53)) {
tmp = 5.0 * (eps * pow(x, 4.0));
} else {
tmp = pow(eps, 5.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-1.45d-46)) .or. (.not. (x <= 2.05d-53))) then
tmp = 5.0d0 * (eps * (x ** 4.0d0))
else
tmp = eps ** 5.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.45e-46) || !(x <= 2.05e-53)) {
tmp = 5.0 * (eps * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
} else {
tmp = Math.pow(eps, 5.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, eps): tmp = 0 if (x <= -1.45e-46) or not (x <= 2.05e-53): tmp = 5.0 * (eps * math.pow(x, 4.0)) else: tmp = math.pow(eps, 5.0) return tmp
function code(x, eps) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -1.45e-46) || !(x <= 2.05e-53)) tmp = Float64(5.0 * Float64(eps * (x ^ 4.0))); else tmp = eps ^ 5.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, eps) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -1.45e-46) || ~((x <= 2.05e-53))) tmp = 5.0 * (eps * (x ^ 4.0)); else tmp = eps ^ 5.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, eps_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -1.45e-46], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 2.05e-53]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(5.0 * N[(eps * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Power[eps, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.45 \cdot 10^{-46} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 2.05 \cdot 10^{-53}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;5 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{5}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.45000000000000002e-46 or 2.05e-53 < x Initial program 34.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 95.3%
Simplified95.1%
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 93.3%
if -1.45000000000000002e-46 < x < 2.05e-53Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.2%
Final simplification98.0%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -4e-47) (not (<= x 6.8e-53))) (* (pow x 4.0) (* eps 5.0)) (pow eps 5.0)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -4e-47) || !(x <= 6.8e-53)) {
tmp = pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
} else {
tmp = pow(eps, 5.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-4d-47)) .or. (.not. (x <= 6.8d-53))) then
tmp = (x ** 4.0d0) * (eps * 5.0d0)
else
tmp = eps ** 5.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -4e-47) || !(x <= 6.8e-53)) {
tmp = Math.pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0);
} else {
tmp = Math.pow(eps, 5.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, eps): tmp = 0 if (x <= -4e-47) or not (x <= 6.8e-53): tmp = math.pow(x, 4.0) * (eps * 5.0) else: tmp = math.pow(eps, 5.0) return tmp
function code(x, eps) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -4e-47) || !(x <= 6.8e-53)) tmp = Float64((x ^ 4.0) * Float64(eps * 5.0)); else tmp = eps ^ 5.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, eps) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -4e-47) || ~((x <= 6.8e-53))) tmp = (x ^ 4.0) * (eps * 5.0); else tmp = eps ^ 5.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, eps_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -4e-47], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 6.8e-53]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(eps * 5.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Power[eps, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-47} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 6.8 \cdot 10^{-53}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;{x}^{4} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot 5\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{5}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -3.9999999999999999e-47 or 6.8e-53 < x Initial program 34.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 93.5%
distribute-rgt1-in93.5%
metadata-eval93.5%
Simplified93.5%
if -3.9999999999999999e-47 < x < 6.8e-53Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.2%
Final simplification98.0%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -6e-47) (* 5.0 (* eps (pow x 4.0))) (if (<= x 5.8e-54) (pow eps 5.0) (* eps (* 5.0 (pow x 4.0))))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -6e-47) {
tmp = 5.0 * (eps * pow(x, 4.0));
} else if (x <= 5.8e-54) {
tmp = pow(eps, 5.0);
} else {
tmp = eps * (5.0 * pow(x, 4.0));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-6d-47)) then
tmp = 5.0d0 * (eps * (x ** 4.0d0))
else if (x <= 5.8d-54) then
tmp = eps ** 5.0d0
else
tmp = eps * (5.0d0 * (x ** 4.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -6e-47) {
tmp = 5.0 * (eps * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
} else if (x <= 5.8e-54) {
tmp = Math.pow(eps, 5.0);
} else {
tmp = eps * (5.0 * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, eps): tmp = 0 if x <= -6e-47: tmp = 5.0 * (eps * math.pow(x, 4.0)) elif x <= 5.8e-54: tmp = math.pow(eps, 5.0) else: tmp = eps * (5.0 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) return tmp
function code(x, eps) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -6e-47) tmp = Float64(5.0 * Float64(eps * (x ^ 4.0))); elseif (x <= 5.8e-54) tmp = eps ^ 5.0; else tmp = Float64(eps * Float64(5.0 * (x ^ 4.0))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, eps) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -6e-47) tmp = 5.0 * (eps * (x ^ 4.0)); elseif (x <= 5.8e-54) tmp = eps ^ 5.0; else tmp = eps * (5.0 * (x ^ 4.0)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, eps_] := If[LessEqual[x, -6e-47], N[(5.0 * N[(eps * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 5.8e-54], N[Power[eps, 5.0], $MachinePrecision], N[(eps * N[(5.0 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -6 \cdot 10^{-47}:\\
\;\;\;\;5 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 5.8 \cdot 10^{-54}:\\
\;\;\;\;{\varepsilon}^{5}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(5 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -6.00000000000000033e-47Initial program 36.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 94.5%
Simplified94.4%
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 93.0%
if -6.00000000000000033e-47 < x < 5.80000000000000029e-54Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.2%
if 5.80000000000000029e-54 < x Initial program 31.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 94.0%
*-commutative94.0%
distribute-rgt1-in94.0%
metadata-eval94.0%
*-commutative94.0%
associate-*r*93.7%
Simplified93.7%
Final simplification98.0%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (pow eps 5.0))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return pow(eps, 5.0);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = eps ** 5.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.pow(eps, 5.0);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.pow(eps, 5.0)
function code(x, eps) return eps ^ 5.0 end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = eps ^ 5.0; end
code[x_, eps_] := N[Power[eps, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{\varepsilon}^{5}
\end{array}
Initial program 86.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 84.9%
Final simplification84.9%
herbie shell --seed 2023320
(FPCore (x eps)
:name "ENA, Section 1.4, Exercise 4b, n=5"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (<= -1000000000.0 x) (<= x 1000000000.0)) (and (<= -1.0 eps) (<= eps 1.0)))
(- (pow (+ x eps) 5.0) (pow x 5.0)))