NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B

Percentage Accurate: 77.7% → 99.7%
Time: 8.5s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.1×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 77.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.7% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (/ (/ PI b) a) (* (+ b a) 2.0)))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / b) / a) / ((b + a) * 2.0);
}
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / b) / a) / ((b + a) * 2.0);
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / b) / a) / ((b + a) * 2.0)
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / b) / a) / Float64(Float64(b + a) * 2.0))
end
a, b = num2cell(sort([a, b])){:}
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / b) / a) / ((b + a) * 2.0);
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(b + a), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 82.9%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/82.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. *-rgt-identity82.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-*l/82.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. difference-of-squares91.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
    5. times-frac99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    6. associate-/l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    7. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    8. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    2. associate-/r*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \]
    3. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}}{\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot 2} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a}}{b}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2} \]
  9. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}}}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2} \]
  10. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \]

Alternative 2: 90.0% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4.35 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \frac{0.5}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (/ PI b) a)))
   (if (<= a -4.35e-69) (* t_0 (/ 0.5 a)) (* t_0 (/ 0.5 b)))))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / b) / a;
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -4.35e-69) {
		tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / a);
	} else {
		tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / b);
	}
	return tmp;
}
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / b) / a;
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -4.35e-69) {
		tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / a);
	} else {
		tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / b);
	}
	return tmp;
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b):
	t_0 = (math.pi / b) / a
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -4.35e-69:
		tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / a)
	else:
		tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / b)
	return tmp
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / b) / a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -4.35e-69)
		tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(0.5 / a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(0.5 / b));
	end
	return tmp
end
a, b = num2cell(sort([a, b])){:}
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	t_0 = (pi / b) / a;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -4.35e-69)
		tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / a);
	else
		tmp = t_0 * (0.5 / b);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, -4.35e-69], N[(t$95$0 * N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$0 * N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}\\
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4.35 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \frac{0.5}{b}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -4.34999999999999976e-69

    1. Initial program 88.0%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/88.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-rgt-identity88.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-*l/87.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      4. difference-of-squares92.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      5. times-frac99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
      6. associate-/l/99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
      7. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac99.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
      9. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-log1p-u84.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-udef59.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
      3. un-div-inv59.8%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}}\right)} - 1 \]
      4. +-commutative59.8%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1 \]
    6. Applied egg-rr59.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-def84.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-log1p99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}} \]
      3. associate-/r*99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a + b}}{2}}}{a \cdot b} \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{b + a}}}{2}}{a \cdot b} \]
      5. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
    8. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}} \]
    9. Applied egg-rr59.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\right)} - 1} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-def84.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-log1p99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}} \]
      3. associate-/l/99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      4. *-rgt-identity99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot 1}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \]
      5. associate-*r/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      6. *-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
      7. associate-/r/99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
      8. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(b + a\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}} \]
      9. associate-*r/99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
      10. associate-/r*99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
      11. metadata-eval99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}} \]
      12. associate-/r/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
      13. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \]
      14. associate-/r*99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}} \]
    11. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}} \]
    12. Taylor expanded in a around inf 77.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \]

    if -4.34999999999999976e-69 < a

    1. Initial program 80.3%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/80.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-rgt-identity80.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-*l/80.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      4. difference-of-squares91.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      5. times-frac99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
      6. associate-/l/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
      7. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
      9. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-log1p-u71.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-udef47.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
      3. un-div-inv47.5%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}}\right)} - 1 \]
      4. +-commutative47.5%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1 \]
    6. Applied egg-rr47.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-def71.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-log1p99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}} \]
      3. associate-/r*99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a + b}}{2}}}{a \cdot b} \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{b + a}}}{2}}{a \cdot b} \]
      5. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
    8. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}} \]
    9. Applied egg-rr47.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\right)} - 1} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-def70.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-log1p99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}} \]
      3. associate-/l/99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      4. *-rgt-identity99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot 1}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \]
      5. associate-*r/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      6. *-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
      7. associate-/r/99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
      8. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(b + a\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}} \]
      9. associate-*r/99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
      10. associate-/r*99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
      11. metadata-eval99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}} \]
      12. associate-/r/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
      13. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \]
      14. associate-/r*99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}} \]
    11. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}} \]
    12. Taylor expanded in a around 0 70.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{b}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification72.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4.35 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3: 90.1% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -4e-69) (/ (/ (/ PI a) 2.0) (* b a)) (* (/ (/ PI b) a) (/ 0.5 b))))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -4e-69) {
		tmp = ((((double) M_PI) / a) / 2.0) / (b * a);
	} else {
		tmp = ((((double) M_PI) / b) / a) * (0.5 / b);
	}
	return tmp;
}
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -4e-69) {
		tmp = ((Math.PI / a) / 2.0) / (b * a);
	} else {
		tmp = ((Math.PI / b) / a) * (0.5 / b);
	}
	return tmp;
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -4e-69:
		tmp = ((math.pi / a) / 2.0) / (b * a)
	else:
		tmp = ((math.pi / b) / a) * (0.5 / b)
	return tmp
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -4e-69)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / a) / 2.0) / Float64(b * a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / b) / a) * Float64(0.5 / b));
	end
	return tmp
end
a, b = num2cell(sort([a, b])){:}
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -4e-69)
		tmp = ((pi / a) / 2.0) / (b * a);
	else
		tmp = ((pi / b) / a) * (0.5 / b);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -4e-69], N[(N[(N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -3.9999999999999999e-69

    1. Initial program 88.0%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/88.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-rgt-identity88.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-*l/87.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      4. difference-of-squares92.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      5. times-frac99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
      6. associate-/l/99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
      7. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac99.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
      9. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-log1p-u84.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-udef59.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
      3. un-div-inv59.8%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}}\right)} - 1 \]
      4. +-commutative59.8%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1 \]
    6. Applied egg-rr59.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-def84.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-log1p99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}} \]
      3. associate-/r*99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a + b}}{2}}}{a \cdot b} \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{b + a}}}{2}}{a \cdot b} \]
      5. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
    8. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in b around 0 77.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a}}}{2}}{b \cdot a} \]

    if -3.9999999999999999e-69 < a

    1. Initial program 80.3%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/80.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-rgt-identity80.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-*l/80.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      4. difference-of-squares91.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      5. times-frac99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
      6. associate-/l/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
      7. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
      9. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-log1p-u71.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-udef47.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
      3. un-div-inv47.5%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}}\right)} - 1 \]
      4. +-commutative47.5%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1 \]
    6. Applied egg-rr47.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-def71.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-log1p99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}} \]
      3. associate-/r*99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a + b}}{2}}}{a \cdot b} \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{b + a}}}{2}}{a \cdot b} \]
      5. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
    8. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}} \]
    9. Applied egg-rr47.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\right)} - 1} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-def70.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-log1p99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}} \]
      3. associate-/l/99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      4. *-rgt-identity99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot 1}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \]
      5. associate-*r/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
      6. *-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
      7. associate-/r/99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
      8. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(b + a\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}} \]
      9. associate-*r/99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
      10. associate-/r*99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
      11. metadata-eval99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}} \]
      12. associate-/r/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
      13. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \]
      14. associate-/r*99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}} \]
    11. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}} \]
    12. Taylor expanded in a around 0 70.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{b}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification72.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 90.2% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -3.3 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{2}}{b \cdot a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -3.3e-69)
   (/ (/ (/ PI a) 2.0) (* b a))
   (/ (/ (/ PI b) 2.0) (* b a))))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -3.3e-69) {
		tmp = ((((double) M_PI) / a) / 2.0) / (b * a);
	} else {
		tmp = ((((double) M_PI) / b) / 2.0) / (b * a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -3.3e-69) {
		tmp = ((Math.PI / a) / 2.0) / (b * a);
	} else {
		tmp = ((Math.PI / b) / 2.0) / (b * a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -3.3e-69:
		tmp = ((math.pi / a) / 2.0) / (b * a)
	else:
		tmp = ((math.pi / b) / 2.0) / (b * a)
	return tmp
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -3.3e-69)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / a) / 2.0) / Float64(b * a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / b) / 2.0) / Float64(b * a));
	end
	return tmp
end
a, b = num2cell(sort([a, b])){:}
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -3.3e-69)
		tmp = ((pi / a) / 2.0) / (b * a);
	else
		tmp = ((pi / b) / 2.0) / (b * a);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -3.3e-69], N[(N[(N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -3.3 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{2}}{b \cdot a}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -3.3e-69

    1. Initial program 88.0%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/88.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-rgt-identity88.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-*l/87.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      4. difference-of-squares92.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      5. times-frac99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
      6. associate-/l/99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
      7. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac99.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
      9. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-log1p-u84.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-udef59.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
      3. un-div-inv59.8%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}}\right)} - 1 \]
      4. +-commutative59.8%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1 \]
    6. Applied egg-rr59.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-def84.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-log1p99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}} \]
      3. associate-/r*99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a + b}}{2}}}{a \cdot b} \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{b + a}}}{2}}{a \cdot b} \]
      5. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
    8. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in b around 0 77.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a}}}{2}}{b \cdot a} \]

    if -3.3e-69 < a

    1. Initial program 80.3%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/80.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-rgt-identity80.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-*l/80.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
      4. difference-of-squares91.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      5. times-frac99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
      6. associate-/l/99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
      7. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
      9. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
    3. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-log1p-u71.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-udef47.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
      3. un-div-inv47.5%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}}\right)} - 1 \]
      4. +-commutative47.5%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1 \]
    6. Applied egg-rr47.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-def71.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-log1p99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}} \]
      3. associate-/r*99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a + b}}{2}}}{a \cdot b} \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{b + a}}}{2}}{a \cdot b} \]
      5. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
    8. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in b around inf 70.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b}}}{2}}{b \cdot a} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification72.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -3.3 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{2}}{b \cdot a}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 99.6% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ (/ PI b) a) (/ 0.5 (+ b a))))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / b) / a) * (0.5 / (b + a));
}
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / b) / a) * (0.5 / (b + a));
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / b) / a) * (0.5 / (b + a))
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / b) / a) * Float64(0.5 / Float64(b + a)))
end
a, b = num2cell(sort([a, b])){:}
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / b) / a) * (0.5 / (b + a));
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / N[(b + a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 82.9%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/82.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. *-rgt-identity82.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-*l/82.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. difference-of-squares91.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
    5. times-frac99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    6. associate-/l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    7. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    8. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-udef51.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
    3. un-div-inv51.6%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}}\right)} - 1 \]
    4. +-commutative51.6%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1 \]
  6. Applied egg-rr51.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-def75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-log1p99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    3. associate-/r*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a + b}}{2}}}{a \cdot b} \]
    4. +-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{b + a}}}{2}}{a \cdot b} \]
    5. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
  8. Simplified99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}} \]
  9. Applied egg-rr51.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\right)} - 1} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-def75.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-log1p99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}} \]
    3. associate-/l/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    4. *-rgt-identity99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot 1}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \]
    5. associate-*r/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    6. *-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
    7. associate-/r/99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
    8. *-commutative99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(b + a\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}} \]
    9. associate-*r/99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
    10. associate-/r*99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
    11. metadata-eval99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}} \]
    12. associate-/r/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
    13. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \]
    14. associate-/r*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}} \]
  11. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}} \]
  12. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a} \]

Alternative 6: 99.6% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}}{b \cdot a} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (* PI (/ 0.5 (+ b a))) (* b a)))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * (0.5 / (b + a))) / (b * a);
}
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (Math.PI * (0.5 / (b + a))) / (b * a);
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b):
	return (math.pi * (0.5 / (b + a))) / (b * a)
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * Float64(0.5 / Float64(b + a))) / Float64(b * a))
end
a, b = num2cell(sort([a, b])){:}
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (pi * (0.5 / (b + a))) / (b * a);
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(Pi * N[(0.5 / N[(b + a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}}{b \cdot a}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 82.9%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/82.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. *-rgt-identity82.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-*l/82.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. difference-of-squares91.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
    5. times-frac99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    6. associate-/l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    7. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    8. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-udef51.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
    3. un-div-inv51.6%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}}\right)} - 1 \]
    4. +-commutative51.6%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1 \]
  6. Applied egg-rr51.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-def75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-log1p99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    3. associate-/r*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a + b}}{2}}}{a \cdot b} \]
    4. +-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{b + a}}}{2}}{a \cdot b} \]
    5. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
  8. Simplified99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}} \]
  9. Applied egg-rr51.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\right)} - 1} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-def75.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-log1p99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}} \]
    3. associate-/l/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    4. *-rgt-identity99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot 1}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \]
    5. associate-*r/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    6. *-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
    7. associate-/r/99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
    8. *-commutative99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(b + a\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}} \]
    9. associate-*r/99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
    10. associate-/r*99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
    11. metadata-eval99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}} \]
    12. associate-/r/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
    13. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \]
    14. associate-/r*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}} \]
  11. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
    2. associate-*r/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
    3. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{b + a}} \cdot \pi}{b \cdot a} \]
  13. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{b + a} \cdot \pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
  14. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \frac{0.5}{b + a}}{b \cdot a} \]

Alternative 7: 63.4% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ (/ PI b) a) (/ 0.5 a)))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / b) / a) * (0.5 / a);
}
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / b) / a) * (0.5 / a);
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / b) / a) * (0.5 / a)
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / b) / a) * Float64(0.5 / a))
end
a, b = num2cell(sort([a, b])){:}
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / b) / a) * (0.5 / a);
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 82.9%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/82.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. *-rgt-identity82.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. associate-*l/82.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \]
    4. difference-of-squares91.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
    5. times-frac99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
    6. associate-/l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{b - a} \]
    7. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)}}{b - a} \]
    8. distribute-neg-frac99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}}{b - a} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}}{b - a} \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}}{b - a}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-udef51.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
    3. un-div-inv51.6%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}}\right)} - 1 \]
    4. +-commutative51.6%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)} \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1 \]
  6. Applied egg-rr51.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} - 1} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-def75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-log1p99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}}{a \cdot b}} \]
    3. associate-/r*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{a + b}}{2}}}{a \cdot b} \]
    4. +-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{b + a}}}{2}}{a \cdot b} \]
    5. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
  8. Simplified99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{2}}{b \cdot a}} \]
  9. Applied egg-rr51.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\right)} - 1} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-def75.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-log1p99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}} \]
    3. associate-/l/99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    4. *-rgt-identity99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot 1}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \]
    5. associate-*r/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
    6. *-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
    7. associate-/r/99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
    8. *-commutative99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(b + a\right)}}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}} \]
    9. associate-*r/99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
    10. associate-/r*99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}}} \]
    11. metadata-eval99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\frac{b + a}{\frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}}} \]
    12. associate-/r/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{b + a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a}} \]
    13. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{a + b}} \cdot \frac{\pi}{b \cdot a} \]
    14. associate-/r*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}} \]
  11. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a + b} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a}} \]
  12. Taylor expanded in a around inf 62.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \]
  13. Final simplification62.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a} \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023320 
(FPCore (a b)
  :name "NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B"
  :precision binary64
  (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))