
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (- x (sin x)) (tan x)))
double code(double x) {
return (x - sin(x)) / tan(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x - Math.sin(x)) / Math.tan(x);
}
def code(x): return (x - math.sin(x)) / math.tan(x)
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x - sin(x)) / tan(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - \sin x}{\tan x}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (- x (sin x)) (tan x)))
double code(double x) {
return (x - sin(x)) / tan(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x - Math.sin(x)) / Math.tan(x);
}
def code(x): return (x - math.sin(x)) / math.tan(x)
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x - sin(x)) / tan(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - \sin x}{\tan x}
\end{array}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(+
(* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0))
(+
(* -0.0007275132275132275 (pow x 6.0))
(+
(* -0.00023644179894179894 (pow x 8.0))
(* x (sqrt (* (pow x 2.0) 0.027777777777777776)))))))x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * pow(x, 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * pow(x, 8.0)) + (x * sqrt((pow(x, 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776)))));
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (((-0.0007275132275132275d0) * (x ** 6.0d0)) + (((-0.00023644179894179894d0) * (x ** 8.0d0)) + (x * sqrt(((x ** 2.0d0) * 0.027777777777777776d0)))))
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * Math.pow(x, 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * Math.pow(x, 8.0)) + (x * Math.sqrt((Math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776)))));
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * math.pow(x, 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * math.pow(x, 8.0)) + (x * math.sqrt((math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776)))))
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(Float64(-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + Float64(Float64(-0.00023644179894179894 * (x ^ 8.0)) + Float64(x * sqrt(Float64((x ^ 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776)))))) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * (x ^ 8.0)) + (x * sqrt(((x ^ 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776))))); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.0007275132275132275 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.00023644179894179894 * N[Power[x, 8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.027777777777777776), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
-0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4} + \left(-0.0007275132275132275 \cdot {x}^{6} + \left(-0.00023644179894179894 \cdot {x}^{8} + x \cdot \sqrt{{x}^{2} \cdot 0.027777777777777776}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 53.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt99.5%
sqrt-unprod73.3%
*-commutative73.3%
*-commutative73.3%
swap-sqr73.3%
pow-sqr73.3%
metadata-eval73.3%
metadata-eval73.3%
Applied egg-rr73.3%
*-commutative73.3%
sqrt-prod73.4%
metadata-eval73.4%
sqrt-pow199.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
unpow299.7%
associate-*r*99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt48.2%
sqrt-unprod75.7%
*-commutative75.7%
*-commutative75.7%
swap-sqr75.7%
unpow275.7%
metadata-eval75.7%
Applied egg-rr75.7%
Final simplification75.7%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(+
(* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0))
(+
(* -0.0007275132275132275 (pow x 6.0))
(+
(* -0.00023644179894179894 (pow x 8.0))
(* x (* x 0.16666666666666666))))))x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * pow(x, 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * pow(x, 8.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666))));
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (((-0.0007275132275132275d0) * (x ** 6.0d0)) + (((-0.00023644179894179894d0) * (x ** 8.0d0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0))))
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * Math.pow(x, 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * Math.pow(x, 8.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666))));
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * math.pow(x, 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * math.pow(x, 8.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666))))
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(Float64(-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + Float64(Float64(-0.00023644179894179894 * (x ^ 8.0)) + Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666))))) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894 * (x ^ 8.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)))); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.0007275132275132275 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.00023644179894179894 * N[Power[x, 8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
-0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4} + \left(-0.0007275132275132275 \cdot {x}^{6} + \left(-0.00023644179894179894 \cdot {x}^{8} + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 53.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt99.5%
sqrt-unprod73.3%
*-commutative73.3%
*-commutative73.3%
swap-sqr73.3%
pow-sqr73.3%
metadata-eval73.3%
metadata-eval73.3%
Applied egg-rr73.3%
*-commutative73.3%
sqrt-prod73.4%
metadata-eval73.4%
sqrt-pow199.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
unpow299.7%
associate-*r*99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0)) (+ (* -0.0007275132275132275 (pow x 6.0)) (* (pow x 2.0) 0.16666666666666666))))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * pow(x, 6.0)) + (pow(x, 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666));
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (((-0.0007275132275132275d0) * (x ** 6.0d0)) + ((x ** 2.0d0) * 0.16666666666666666d0))
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * Math.pow(x, 6.0)) + (Math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666));
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * math.pow(x, 6.0)) + (math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666))
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(Float64(-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + Float64((x ^ 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666))) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + ((x ^ 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666)); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.0007275132275132275 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
-0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4} + \left(-0.0007275132275132275 \cdot {x}^{6} + {x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 53.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0)) (* x (* (sqrt 0.16666666666666666) (* x (sqrt 0.16666666666666666))))))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (sqrt(0.16666666666666666) * (x * sqrt(0.16666666666666666))));
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (x * (sqrt(0.16666666666666666d0) * (x * sqrt(0.16666666666666666d0))))
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (Math.sqrt(0.16666666666666666) * (x * Math.sqrt(0.16666666666666666))));
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (math.sqrt(0.16666666666666666) * (x * math.sqrt(0.16666666666666666))))
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(x * Float64(sqrt(0.16666666666666666) * Float64(x * sqrt(0.16666666666666666))))) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + (x * (sqrt(0.16666666666666666) * (x * sqrt(0.16666666666666666)))); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[(N[Sqrt[0.16666666666666666], $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * N[Sqrt[0.16666666666666666], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
-0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4} + x \cdot \left(\sqrt{0.16666666666666666} \cdot \left(x \cdot \sqrt{0.16666666666666666}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 53.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
add-sqr-sqrt99.3%
pow299.3%
*-commutative99.3%
sqrt-prod99.4%
unpow299.4%
sqrt-prod48.0%
add-sqr-sqrt99.4%
Applied egg-rr99.4%
unpow299.4%
*-commutative99.4%
associate-*r*99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0)) (* x (* x 0.16666666666666666))))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0))
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666))
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666))) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
-0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4} + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 53.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
add-sqr-sqrt99.3%
pow299.3%
*-commutative99.3%
sqrt-prod99.4%
unpow299.4%
sqrt-prod48.0%
add-sqr-sqrt99.4%
Applied egg-rr99.4%
unpow299.4%
swap-sqr99.5%
rem-square-sqrt99.5%
associate-*r*99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (pow x 2.0) 0.16666666666666666))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return pow(x, 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666;
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x ** 2.0d0) * 0.16666666666666666d0
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666;
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64((x ^ 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x ^ 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666; end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
{x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666
\end{array}
Initial program 53.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- 1.0 (cos x)))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 - cos(x);
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 - cos(x)
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 - Math.cos(x);
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return 1.0 - math.cos(x)
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(1.0 - cos(x)) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 - cos(x); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(1.0 - N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
1 - \cos x
\end{array}
Initial program 53.3%
div-sub53.3%
div-inv46.6%
tan-quot46.6%
associate-/r/46.6%
prod-diff4.7%
Applied egg-rr4.7%
+-commutative4.7%
fma-udef46.6%
associate-+r+46.6%
Simplified53.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 52.4%
Final simplification52.4%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 1.0)
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return 1.0;
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0;
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return 1.0
x = abs(x) function code(x) return 1.0 end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0; end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := 1.0
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
1
\end{array}
Initial program 53.3%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 4.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 4.1%
Final simplification4.1%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x)))
double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.16666666666666666d0 * (x * x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
def code(x): return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)
function code(x) return Float64(0.16666666666666666 * Float64(x * x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x); end
code[x_] := N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023320
(FPCore (x)
:name "ENA, Section 1.4, Exercise 4a"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (<= -1.0 x) (<= x 1.0))
:herbie-target
(* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x))
(/ (- x (sin x)) (tan x)))