Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (32)

Percentage Accurate: 76.2% → 96.6%
Time: 19.9s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (K m n M l)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (cos (- (/ (* K (+ m n)) 2.0) M))
  (exp (- (- (pow (- (/ (+ m n) 2.0) M) 2.0)) (- l (fabs (- m n)))))))
double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	return cos((((K * (m + n)) / 2.0) - M)) * exp((-pow((((m + n) / 2.0) - M), 2.0) - (l - fabs((m - n)))));
}
real(8) function code(k, m, n, m_1, l)
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: n
    real(8), intent (in) :: m_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    code = cos((((k * (m + n)) / 2.0d0) - m_1)) * exp((-((((m + n) / 2.0d0) - m_1) ** 2.0d0) - (l - abs((m - n)))))
end function
public static double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	return Math.cos((((K * (m + n)) / 2.0) - M)) * Math.exp((-Math.pow((((m + n) / 2.0) - M), 2.0) - (l - Math.abs((m - n)))));
}
def code(K, m, n, M, l):
	return math.cos((((K * (m + n)) / 2.0) - M)) * math.exp((-math.pow((((m + n) / 2.0) - M), 2.0) - (l - math.fabs((m - n)))))
function code(K, m, n, M, l)
	return Float64(cos(Float64(Float64(Float64(K * Float64(m + n)) / 2.0) - M)) * exp(Float64(Float64(-(Float64(Float64(Float64(m + n) / 2.0) - M) ^ 2.0)) - Float64(l - abs(Float64(m - n))))))
end
function tmp = code(K, m, n, M, l)
	tmp = cos((((K * (m + n)) / 2.0) - M)) * exp((-((((m + n) / 2.0) - M) ^ 2.0) - (l - abs((m - n)))));
end
code[K_, m_, n_, M_, l_] := N[(N[Cos[N[(N[(N[(K * N[(m + n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] - M), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[((-N[Power[N[(N[(N[(m + n), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] - M), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]) - N[(l - N[Abs[N[(m - n), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 76.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (K m n M l)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (cos (- (/ (* K (+ m n)) 2.0) M))
  (exp (- (- (pow (- (/ (+ m n) 2.0) M) 2.0)) (- l (fabs (- m n)))))))
double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	return cos((((K * (m + n)) / 2.0) - M)) * exp((-pow((((m + n) / 2.0) - M), 2.0) - (l - fabs((m - n)))));
}
real(8) function code(k, m, n, m_1, l)
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: n
    real(8), intent (in) :: m_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    code = cos((((k * (m + n)) / 2.0d0) - m_1)) * exp((-((((m + n) / 2.0d0) - m_1) ** 2.0d0) - (l - abs((m - n)))))
end function
public static double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	return Math.cos((((K * (m + n)) / 2.0) - M)) * Math.exp((-Math.pow((((m + n) / 2.0) - M), 2.0) - (l - Math.abs((m - n)))));
}
def code(K, m, n, M, l):
	return math.cos((((K * (m + n)) / 2.0) - M)) * math.exp((-math.pow((((m + n) / 2.0) - M), 2.0) - (l - math.fabs((m - n)))))
function code(K, m, n, M, l)
	return Float64(cos(Float64(Float64(Float64(K * Float64(m + n)) / 2.0) - M)) * exp(Float64(Float64(-(Float64(Float64(Float64(m + n) / 2.0) - M) ^ 2.0)) - Float64(l - abs(Float64(m - n))))))
end
function tmp = code(K, m, n, M, l)
	tmp = cos((((K * (m + n)) / 2.0) - M)) * exp((-((((m + n) / 2.0) - M) ^ 2.0) - (l - abs((m - n)))));
end
code[K_, m_, n_, M_, l_] := N[(N[Cos[N[(N[(N[(K * N[(m + n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] - M), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[((-N[Power[N[(N[(N[(m + n), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] - M), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]) - N[(l - N[Abs[N[(m - n), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 96.6% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\\ \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left|m - n\right| - \ell\right) - {t_0}^{4} \cdot {t_0}^{2}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (K m n M l)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cbrt (- (* (+ m n) 0.5) M))))
   (* (cos M) (exp (- (- (fabs (- m n)) l) (* (pow t_0 4.0) (pow t_0 2.0)))))))
double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	double t_0 = cbrt((((m + n) * 0.5) - M));
	return cos(M) * exp(((fabs((m - n)) - l) - (pow(t_0, 4.0) * pow(t_0, 2.0))));
}
public static double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	double t_0 = Math.cbrt((((m + n) * 0.5) - M));
	return Math.cos(M) * Math.exp(((Math.abs((m - n)) - l) - (Math.pow(t_0, 4.0) * Math.pow(t_0, 2.0))));
}
function code(K, m, n, M, l)
	t_0 = cbrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(m + n) * 0.5) - M))
	return Float64(cos(M) * exp(Float64(Float64(abs(Float64(m - n)) - l) - Float64((t_0 ^ 4.0) * (t_0 ^ 2.0)))))
end
code[K_, m_, n_, M_, l_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[(N[(N[(m + n), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - M), $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[Cos[M], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[(N[(N[Abs[N[(m - n), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - l), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[t$95$0, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$0, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\\
\cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left|m - n\right| - \ell\right) - {t_0}^{4} \cdot {t_0}^{2}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 69.6%

    \[\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    2. +-commutative69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{n + m}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    3. fabs-sub69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{n + m}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left|n - m\right|}\right)} \]
    4. +-commutative69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{m + n}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  3. Simplified69.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in K around 0 95.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-M\right)} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. cos-neg95.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  6. Simplified95.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-cube-cbrt95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}}}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    2. cbrt-unprod93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    3. pow-prod-up93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{\left(2 + 2\right)}}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    4. div-inv93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{{\left(\color{blue}{\left(m + n\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} - M\right)}^{\left(2 + 2\right)}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    5. fma-neg93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \frac{1}{2}, -M\right)\right)}}^{\left(2 + 2\right)}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    6. metadata-eval93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \color{blue}{0.5}, -M\right)\right)}^{\left(2 + 2\right)}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    7. metadata-eval93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{4}}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    8. unpow293.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{4}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right) \cdot \left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    9. cbrt-prod93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{4}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{m + n}{2} - M} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{m + n}{2} - M}\right)}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    10. pow293.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{4}} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{m + n}{2} - M}\right)}^{2}}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    11. div-inv93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{4}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{\left(m + n\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    12. fma-neg93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{4}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \frac{1}{2}, -M\right)}}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    13. metadata-eval93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{4}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \color{blue}{0.5}, -M\right)}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr93.7%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{4}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)}\right)}^{2}}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. fma-neg93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}}^{4}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    2. fma-neg93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\sqrt[3]{{\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{4}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  10. Simplified93.7%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{{\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{4}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. pow1/393.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\color{blue}{{\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{4}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    2. sqr-pow93.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{\left(\frac{4}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{\left(\frac{4}{2}\right)}\right)}}^{0.3333333333333333} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    3. unpow-prod-down95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\color{blue}{\left({\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{\left(\frac{4}{2}\right)}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333} \cdot {\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{\left(\frac{4}{2}\right)}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\right)} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    4. metadata-eval95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\left({\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333} \cdot {\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{\left(\frac{4}{2}\right)}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    5. pow295.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\left({\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)\right)}}^{0.3333333333333333} \cdot {\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{\left(\frac{4}{2}\right)}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    6. pow-prod-down48.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\left(\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{0.3333333333333333} \cdot {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\right)} \cdot {\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{\left(\frac{4}{2}\right)}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    7. pow1/348.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\left(\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}} \cdot {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\right) \cdot {\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{\left(\frac{4}{2}\right)}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    8. pow1/395.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}}\right) \cdot {\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{\left(\frac{4}{2}\right)}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    9. unpow295.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\left(\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}} \cdot {\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{\left(\frac{4}{2}\right)}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    10. metadata-eval95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\left({\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    11. pow295.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\left({\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)\right)}}^{0.3333333333333333}\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    12. pow-prod-down48.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\left({\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{0.3333333333333333} \cdot {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\right)}\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    13. pow1/348.7%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\left({\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}} \cdot {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{0.3333333333333333}\right)\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    14. pow1/395.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\left({\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}}\right)\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    15. unpow295.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\left({\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  12. Applied egg-rr95.3%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(-\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{4}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  13. Final simplification95.3%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left|m - n\right| - \ell\right) - {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{4} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M}\right)}^{2}} \]

Alternative 2: 96.5% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) - {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{2}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (K m n M l)
 :precision binary64
 (* (cos M) (exp (- (- (- n m) l) (pow (- (* (+ m n) 0.5) M) 2.0)))))
double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	return cos(M) * exp((((n - m) - l) - pow((((m + n) * 0.5) - M), 2.0)));
}
real(8) function code(k, m, n, m_1, l)
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: n
    real(8), intent (in) :: m_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    code = cos(m_1) * exp((((n - m) - l) - ((((m + n) * 0.5d0) - m_1) ** 2.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	return Math.cos(M) * Math.exp((((n - m) - l) - Math.pow((((m + n) * 0.5) - M), 2.0)));
}
def code(K, m, n, M, l):
	return math.cos(M) * math.exp((((n - m) - l) - math.pow((((m + n) * 0.5) - M), 2.0)))
function code(K, m, n, M, l)
	return Float64(cos(M) * exp(Float64(Float64(Float64(n - m) - l) - (Float64(Float64(Float64(m + n) * 0.5) - M) ^ 2.0))))
end
function tmp = code(K, m, n, M, l)
	tmp = cos(M) * exp((((n - m) - l) - ((((m + n) * 0.5) - M) ^ 2.0)));
end
code[K_, m_, n_, M_, l_] := N[(N[Cos[M], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[(N[(N[(n - m), $MachinePrecision] - l), $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[N[(N[(N[(m + n), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - M), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) - {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{2}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 69.6%

    \[\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    2. +-commutative69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{n + m}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    3. fabs-sub69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{n + m}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left|n - m\right|}\right)} \]
    4. +-commutative69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{m + n}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  3. Simplified69.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in K around 0 95.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-M\right)} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. cos-neg95.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  6. Simplified95.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sub-neg95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) + \left(-\left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)}} \]
    2. distribute-neg-out95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\left({\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)}} \]
    3. div-inv95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\color{blue}{\left(m + n\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} - M\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
    4. fma-neg95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \frac{1}{2}, -M\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
    5. metadata-eval95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \color{blue}{0.5}, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
    6. add-sqr-sqrt50.8%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{n - m} \cdot \sqrt{n - m}}\right|\right)\right)} \]
    7. fabs-sqr50.8%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\sqrt{n - m} \cdot \sqrt{n - m}}\right)\right)} \]
    8. add-sqr-sqrt95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left(n - m\right)}\right)\right)} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr95.2%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. neg-sub095.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{0 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    2. +-commutative95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{0 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right) + {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
    3. associate--r+95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}}} \]
    4. sub-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(0 - \color{blue}{\left(\ell + \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    5. associate--r+95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(0 - \ell\right) - \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right)} - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    6. neg-sub095.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{\left(-\ell\right)} - \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    7. sub-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\color{blue}{\left(n + \left(-m\right)\right)}\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    8. mul-1-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\left(n + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot m}\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    9. +-commutative95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot m + n\right)}\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    10. distribute-neg-in95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\left(--1 \cdot m\right) + \left(-n\right)\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    11. mul-1-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\left(-m\right)}\right) + \left(-n\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    12. remove-double-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(\color{blue}{m} + \left(-n\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    13. sub-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \color{blue}{\left(m - n\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    14. fma-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - {\color{blue}{\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}}^{2}} \]
  10. Simplified95.2%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{2}}} \]
  11. Final simplification95.2%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) - {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{2}} \]

Alternative 3: 84.3% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq -5.2 \cdot 10^{+108}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{-0.25 \cdot {m}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) + \left(m \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(M - m \cdot 0.5\right) - n\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (K m n M l)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= m -5.2e+108)
   (* (cos M) (exp (* -0.25 (pow m 2.0))))
   (*
    (cos M)
    (exp (+ (- (- n m) l) (* (- (* m 0.5) M) (- (- M (* m 0.5)) n)))))))
double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= -5.2e+108) {
		tmp = cos(M) * exp((-0.25 * pow(m, 2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = cos(M) * exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(k, m, n, m_1, l)
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: n
    real(8), intent (in) :: m_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m <= (-5.2d+108)) then
        tmp = cos(m_1) * exp(((-0.25d0) * (m ** 2.0d0)))
    else
        tmp = cos(m_1) * exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5d0) - m_1) * ((m_1 - (m * 0.5d0)) - n))))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if (m <= -5.2e+108) {
		tmp = Math.cos(M) * Math.exp((-0.25 * Math.pow(m, 2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.cos(M) * Math.exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(K, m, n, M, l):
	tmp = 0
	if m <= -5.2e+108:
		tmp = math.cos(M) * math.exp((-0.25 * math.pow(m, 2.0)))
	else:
		tmp = math.cos(M) * math.exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))))
	return tmp
function code(K, m, n, M, l)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (m <= -5.2e+108)
		tmp = Float64(cos(M) * exp(Float64(-0.25 * (m ^ 2.0))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(cos(M) * exp(Float64(Float64(Float64(n - m) - l) + Float64(Float64(Float64(m * 0.5) - M) * Float64(Float64(M - Float64(m * 0.5)) - n)))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(K, m, n, M, l)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (m <= -5.2e+108)
		tmp = cos(M) * exp((-0.25 * (m ^ 2.0)));
	else
		tmp = cos(M) * exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[K_, m_, n_, M_, l_] := If[LessEqual[m, -5.2e+108], N[(N[Cos[M], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[(-0.25 * N[Power[m, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Cos[M], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[(N[(N[(n - m), $MachinePrecision] - l), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(m * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - M), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(M - N[(m * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;m \leq -5.2 \cdot 10^{+108}:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{-0.25 \cdot {m}^{2}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) + \left(m \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(M - m \cdot 0.5\right) - n\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if m < -5.2000000000000005e108

    1. Initial program 58.1%

      \[\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*58.1%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
      2. +-commutative58.1%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{n + m}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
      3. fabs-sub58.1%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{n + m}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left|n - m\right|}\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative58.1%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{m + n}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    3. Simplified58.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in K around 0 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-M\right)} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cos-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    6. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in m around inf 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot {m}^{2}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{{m}^{2} \cdot -0.25}} \]
    9. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{{m}^{2} \cdot -0.25}} \]

    if -5.2000000000000005e108 < m

    1. Initial program 71.9%

      \[\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*71.9%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
      2. +-commutative71.9%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{n + m}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
      3. fabs-sub71.9%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{n + m}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left|n - m\right|}\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative71.9%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{m + n}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    3. Simplified71.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in K around 0 94.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-M\right)} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cos-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    6. Simplified94.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) + \left(-\left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-out94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\left({\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)}} \]
      3. div-inv94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\color{blue}{\left(m + n\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} - M\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
      4. fma-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \frac{1}{2}, -M\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
      5. metadata-eval94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \color{blue}{0.5}, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
      6. add-sqr-sqrt42.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{n - m} \cdot \sqrt{n - m}}\right|\right)\right)} \]
      7. fabs-sqr42.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\sqrt{n - m} \cdot \sqrt{n - m}}\right)\right)} \]
      8. add-sqr-sqrt94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left(n - m\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr94.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-sub094.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{0 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      2. +-commutative94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{0 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right) + {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
      3. associate--r+94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}}} \]
      4. sub-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(0 - \color{blue}{\left(\ell + \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      5. associate--r+94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(0 - \ell\right) - \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right)} - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      6. neg-sub094.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{\left(-\ell\right)} - \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      7. sub-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\color{blue}{\left(n + \left(-m\right)\right)}\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      8. mul-1-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\left(n + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot m}\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      9. +-commutative94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot m + n\right)}\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      10. distribute-neg-in94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\left(--1 \cdot m\right) + \left(-n\right)\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      11. mul-1-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\left(-m\right)}\right) + \left(-n\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      12. remove-double-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(\color{blue}{m} + \left(-n\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      13. sub-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \color{blue}{\left(m - n\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      14. fma-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - {\color{blue}{\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}}^{2}} \]
    10. Simplified94.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{2}}} \]
    11. Taylor expanded in n around 0 76.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) + {\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative76.6%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left({\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)}^{2} + n \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)\right)}} \]
      2. unpow276.6%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \left(\color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)} + n \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-rgt-out81.8%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) + n\right)}} \]
    13. Simplified81.8%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) + n\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification84.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;m \leq -5.2 \cdot 10^{+108}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{-0.25 \cdot {m}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) + \left(m \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(M - m \cdot 0.5\right) - n\right)}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 90.6% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;n \leq 6.3 \cdot 10^{+94}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) + \left(m \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(M - m \cdot 0.5\right) - n\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{{n}^{2} \cdot -0.25}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (K m n M l)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= n 6.3e+94)
   (*
    (cos M)
    (exp (+ (- (- n m) l) (* (- (* m 0.5) M) (- (- M (* m 0.5)) n)))))
   (* (cos M) (exp (* (pow n 2.0) -0.25)))))
double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if (n <= 6.3e+94) {
		tmp = cos(M) * exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))));
	} else {
		tmp = cos(M) * exp((pow(n, 2.0) * -0.25));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(k, m, n, m_1, l)
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: n
    real(8), intent (in) :: m_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (n <= 6.3d+94) then
        tmp = cos(m_1) * exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5d0) - m_1) * ((m_1 - (m * 0.5d0)) - n))))
    else
        tmp = cos(m_1) * exp(((n ** 2.0d0) * (-0.25d0)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if (n <= 6.3e+94) {
		tmp = Math.cos(M) * Math.exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.cos(M) * Math.exp((Math.pow(n, 2.0) * -0.25));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(K, m, n, M, l):
	tmp = 0
	if n <= 6.3e+94:
		tmp = math.cos(M) * math.exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))))
	else:
		tmp = math.cos(M) * math.exp((math.pow(n, 2.0) * -0.25))
	return tmp
function code(K, m, n, M, l)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (n <= 6.3e+94)
		tmp = Float64(cos(M) * exp(Float64(Float64(Float64(n - m) - l) + Float64(Float64(Float64(m * 0.5) - M) * Float64(Float64(M - Float64(m * 0.5)) - n)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(cos(M) * exp(Float64((n ^ 2.0) * -0.25)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(K, m, n, M, l)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (n <= 6.3e+94)
		tmp = cos(M) * exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))));
	else
		tmp = cos(M) * exp(((n ^ 2.0) * -0.25));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[K_, m_, n_, M_, l_] := If[LessEqual[n, 6.3e+94], N[(N[Cos[M], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[(N[(N[(n - m), $MachinePrecision] - l), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(m * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - M), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(M - N[(m * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Cos[M], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[(N[Power[n, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * -0.25), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;n \leq 6.3 \cdot 10^{+94}:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) + \left(m \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(M - m \cdot 0.5\right) - n\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{{n}^{2} \cdot -0.25}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if n < 6.3000000000000001e94

    1. Initial program 70.9%

      \[\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*70.9%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
      2. +-commutative70.9%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{n + m}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
      3. fabs-sub70.9%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{n + m}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left|n - m\right|}\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative70.9%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{m + n}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    3. Simplified70.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in K around 0 94.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-M\right)} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cos-neg94.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    6. Simplified94.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-neg94.4%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) + \left(-\left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-out94.4%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\left({\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)}} \]
      3. div-inv94.4%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\color{blue}{\left(m + n\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} - M\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
      4. fma-neg94.4%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \frac{1}{2}, -M\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
      5. metadata-eval94.4%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \color{blue}{0.5}, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
      6. add-sqr-sqrt42.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{n - m} \cdot \sqrt{n - m}}\right|\right)\right)} \]
      7. fabs-sqr42.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\sqrt{n - m} \cdot \sqrt{n - m}}\right)\right)} \]
      8. add-sqr-sqrt94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left(n - m\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr94.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-sub094.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{0 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      2. +-commutative94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{0 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right) + {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
      3. associate--r+94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}}} \]
      4. sub-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(0 - \color{blue}{\left(\ell + \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      5. associate--r+94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(0 - \ell\right) - \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right)} - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      6. neg-sub094.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{\left(-\ell\right)} - \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      7. sub-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\color{blue}{\left(n + \left(-m\right)\right)}\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      8. mul-1-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\left(n + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot m}\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      9. +-commutative94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot m + n\right)}\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      10. distribute-neg-in94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\left(--1 \cdot m\right) + \left(-n\right)\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      11. mul-1-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\left(-m\right)}\right) + \left(-n\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      12. remove-double-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(\color{blue}{m} + \left(-n\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      13. sub-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \color{blue}{\left(m - n\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      14. fma-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - {\color{blue}{\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}}^{2}} \]
    10. Simplified94.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{2}}} \]
    11. Taylor expanded in n around 0 82.9%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) + {\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative82.9%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left({\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)}^{2} + n \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)\right)}} \]
      2. unpow282.9%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \left(\color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)} + n \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-rgt-out87.1%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) + n\right)}} \]
    13. Simplified87.1%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) + n\right)}} \]

    if 6.3000000000000001e94 < n

    1. Initial program 62.5%

      \[\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*62.5%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
      2. +-commutative62.5%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{n + m}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
      3. fabs-sub62.5%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{n + m}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left|n - m\right|}\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative62.5%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{m + n}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    3. Simplified62.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in K around 0 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-M\right)} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cos-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    6. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in n around inf 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot {n}^{2}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{{n}^{2} \cdot -0.25}} \]
    9. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{{n}^{2} \cdot -0.25}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification89.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;n \leq 6.3 \cdot 10^{+94}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) + \left(m \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(M - m \cdot 0.5\right) - n\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{{n}^{2} \cdot -0.25}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 85.0% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;M \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+14}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) + \left(m \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(M - m \cdot 0.5\right) - n\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{-{M}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (K m n M l)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= M 2e+14)
   (*
    (cos M)
    (exp (+ (- (- n m) l) (* (- (* m 0.5) M) (- (- M (* m 0.5)) n)))))
   (* (cos M) (exp (- (pow M 2.0))))))
double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if (M <= 2e+14) {
		tmp = cos(M) * exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))));
	} else {
		tmp = cos(M) * exp(-pow(M, 2.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(k, m, n, m_1, l)
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: n
    real(8), intent (in) :: m_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (m_1 <= 2d+14) then
        tmp = cos(m_1) * exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5d0) - m_1) * ((m_1 - (m * 0.5d0)) - n))))
    else
        tmp = cos(m_1) * exp(-(m_1 ** 2.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if (M <= 2e+14) {
		tmp = Math.cos(M) * Math.exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.cos(M) * Math.exp(-Math.pow(M, 2.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(K, m, n, M, l):
	tmp = 0
	if M <= 2e+14:
		tmp = math.cos(M) * math.exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))))
	else:
		tmp = math.cos(M) * math.exp(-math.pow(M, 2.0))
	return tmp
function code(K, m, n, M, l)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (M <= 2e+14)
		tmp = Float64(cos(M) * exp(Float64(Float64(Float64(n - m) - l) + Float64(Float64(Float64(m * 0.5) - M) * Float64(Float64(M - Float64(m * 0.5)) - n)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(cos(M) * exp(Float64(-(M ^ 2.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(K, m, n, M, l)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (M <= 2e+14)
		tmp = cos(M) * exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))));
	else
		tmp = cos(M) * exp(-(M ^ 2.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[K_, m_, n_, M_, l_] := If[LessEqual[M, 2e+14], N[(N[Cos[M], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[(N[(N[(n - m), $MachinePrecision] - l), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(m * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - M), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(M - N[(m * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Cos[M], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[(-N[Power[M, 2.0], $MachinePrecision])], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;M \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+14}:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) + \left(m \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(M - m \cdot 0.5\right) - n\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{-{M}^{2}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if M < 2e14

    1. Initial program 71.3%

      \[\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*71.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
      2. +-commutative71.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{n + m}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
      3. fabs-sub71.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{n + m}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left|n - m\right|}\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative71.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{m + n}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    3. Simplified71.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in K around 0 94.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-M\right)} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cos-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    6. Simplified94.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) + \left(-\left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)}} \]
      2. distribute-neg-out94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\left({\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)}} \]
      3. div-inv94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\color{blue}{\left(m + n\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} - M\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
      4. fma-neg94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \frac{1}{2}, -M\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
      5. metadata-eval94.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \color{blue}{0.5}, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
      6. add-sqr-sqrt52.4%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{n - m} \cdot \sqrt{n - m}}\right|\right)\right)} \]
      7. fabs-sqr52.4%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\sqrt{n - m} \cdot \sqrt{n - m}}\right)\right)} \]
      8. add-sqr-sqrt94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left(n - m\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr94.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-sub094.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{0 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      2. +-commutative94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{0 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right) + {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
      3. associate--r+94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}}} \]
      4. sub-neg94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(0 - \color{blue}{\left(\ell + \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      5. associate--r+94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(0 - \ell\right) - \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right)} - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      6. neg-sub094.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{\left(-\ell\right)} - \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      7. sub-neg94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\color{blue}{\left(n + \left(-m\right)\right)}\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      8. mul-1-neg94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\left(n + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot m}\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      9. +-commutative94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot m + n\right)}\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      10. distribute-neg-in94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\left(--1 \cdot m\right) + \left(-n\right)\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      11. mul-1-neg94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\left(-m\right)}\right) + \left(-n\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      12. remove-double-neg94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(\color{blue}{m} + \left(-n\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      13. sub-neg94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \color{blue}{\left(m - n\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      14. fma-neg94.2%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - {\color{blue}{\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}}^{2}} \]
    10. Simplified94.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{2}}} \]
    11. Taylor expanded in n around 0 76.0%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) + {\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative76.0%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left({\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)}^{2} + n \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)\right)}} \]
      2. unpow276.0%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \left(\color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)} + n \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)\right)} \]
      3. distribute-rgt-out80.3%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) + n\right)}} \]
    13. Simplified80.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) + n\right)}} \]

    if 2e14 < M

    1. Initial program 61.4%

      \[\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*61.4%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
      2. +-commutative61.4%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{n + m}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
      3. fabs-sub61.4%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{n + m}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left|n - m\right|}\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative61.4%

        \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{m + n}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    3. Simplified61.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in K around 0 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-M\right)} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cos-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    6. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in M around inf 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot {M}^{2}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-{M}^{2}}} \]
    9. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-{M}^{2}}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification83.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;M \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+14}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) + \left(m \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(M - m \cdot 0.5\right) - n\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos M \cdot e^{-{M}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6: 82.9% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) + \left(m \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(M - m \cdot 0.5\right) - n\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (K m n M l)
 :precision binary64
 (* (cos M) (exp (+ (- (- n m) l) (* (- (* m 0.5) M) (- (- M (* m 0.5)) n))))))
double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	return cos(M) * exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))));
}
real(8) function code(k, m, n, m_1, l)
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: n
    real(8), intent (in) :: m_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    code = cos(m_1) * exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5d0) - m_1) * ((m_1 - (m * 0.5d0)) - n))))
end function
public static double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	return Math.cos(M) * Math.exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))));
}
def code(K, m, n, M, l):
	return math.cos(M) * math.exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))))
function code(K, m, n, M, l)
	return Float64(cos(M) * exp(Float64(Float64(Float64(n - m) - l) + Float64(Float64(Float64(m * 0.5) - M) * Float64(Float64(M - Float64(m * 0.5)) - n)))))
end
function tmp = code(K, m, n, M, l)
	tmp = cos(M) * exp((((n - m) - l) + (((m * 0.5) - M) * ((M - (m * 0.5)) - n))));
end
code[K_, m_, n_, M_, l_] := N[(N[Cos[M], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[(N[(N[(n - m), $MachinePrecision] - l), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(m * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - M), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(M - N[(m * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) + \left(m \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(M - m \cdot 0.5\right) - n\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 69.6%

    \[\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    2. +-commutative69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{n + m}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    3. fabs-sub69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{n + m}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left|n - m\right|}\right)} \]
    4. +-commutative69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{m + n}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  3. Simplified69.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in K around 0 95.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-M\right)} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. cos-neg95.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  6. Simplified95.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sub-neg95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) + \left(-\left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)}} \]
    2. distribute-neg-out95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\left({\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)}} \]
    3. div-inv95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\color{blue}{\left(m + n\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} - M\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
    4. fma-neg95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \frac{1}{2}, -M\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
    5. metadata-eval95.3%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, \color{blue}{0.5}, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)\right)} \]
    6. add-sqr-sqrt50.8%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{n - m} \cdot \sqrt{n - m}}\right|\right)\right)} \]
    7. fabs-sqr50.8%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\sqrt{n - m} \cdot \sqrt{n - m}}\right)\right)} \]
    8. add-sqr-sqrt95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left(n - m\right)}\right)\right)} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr95.2%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. neg-sub095.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{0 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    2. +-commutative95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{0 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right) + {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
    3. associate--r+95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(\ell - \left(n - m\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}}} \]
    4. sub-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(0 - \color{blue}{\left(\ell + \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    5. associate--r+95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(0 - \ell\right) - \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right)} - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    6. neg-sub095.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\color{blue}{\left(-\ell\right)} - \left(-\left(n - m\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    7. sub-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\color{blue}{\left(n + \left(-m\right)\right)}\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    8. mul-1-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\left(n + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot m}\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    9. +-commutative95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot m + n\right)}\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    10. distribute-neg-in95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\left(--1 \cdot m\right) + \left(-n\right)\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    11. mul-1-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\left(-m\right)}\right) + \left(-n\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    12. remove-double-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(\color{blue}{m} + \left(-n\right)\right)\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    13. sub-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \color{blue}{\left(m - n\right)}\right) - {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(m + n, 0.5, -M\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
    14. fma-neg95.2%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - {\color{blue}{\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}}^{2}} \]
  10. Simplified95.2%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - {\left(\left(m + n\right) \cdot 0.5 - M\right)}^{2}}} \]
  11. Taylor expanded in n around 0 77.0%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) + {\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutative77.0%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left({\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)}^{2} + n \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)\right)}} \]
    2. unpow277.0%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \left(\color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)} + n \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right)\right)} \]
    3. distribute-rgt-out82.9%

      \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) + n\right)}} \]
  13. Simplified82.9%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(-\ell\right) - \left(m - n\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(0.5 \cdot m - M\right) + n\right)}} \]
  14. Final simplification82.9%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{\left(\left(n - m\right) - \ell\right) + \left(m \cdot 0.5 - M\right) \cdot \left(\left(M - m \cdot 0.5\right) - n\right)} \]

Alternative 7: 35.9% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos M \cdot e^{-\ell} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (K m n M l) :precision binary64 (* (cos M) (exp (- l))))
double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	return cos(M) * exp(-l);
}
real(8) function code(k, m, n, m_1, l)
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: n
    real(8), intent (in) :: m_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    code = cos(m_1) * exp(-l)
end function
public static double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	return Math.cos(M) * Math.exp(-l);
}
def code(K, m, n, M, l):
	return math.cos(M) * math.exp(-l)
function code(K, m, n, M, l)
	return Float64(cos(M) * exp(Float64(-l)))
end
function tmp = code(K, m, n, M, l)
	tmp = cos(M) * exp(-l);
end
code[K_, m_, n_, M_, l_] := N[(N[Cos[M], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[(-l)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\cos M \cdot e^{-\ell}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 69.6%

    \[\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    2. +-commutative69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{n + m}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    3. fabs-sub69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{n + m}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left|n - m\right|}\right)} \]
    4. +-commutative69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{m + n}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  3. Simplified69.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in l around inf 28.6%

    \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \ell}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-neg28.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\ell}} \]
  6. Simplified28.6%

    \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\ell}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in K around 0 35.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-M\right) \cdot e^{-\ell}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. cos-neg35.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \cdot e^{-\ell} \]
  9. Simplified35.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M \cdot e^{-\ell}} \]
  10. Final simplification35.4%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \cdot e^{-\ell} \]

Alternative 8: 6.8% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos M \end{array} \]
(FPCore (K m n M l) :precision binary64 (cos M))
double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	return cos(M);
}
real(8) function code(k, m, n, m_1, l)
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: n
    real(8), intent (in) :: m_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    code = cos(m_1)
end function
public static double code(double K, double m, double n, double M, double l) {
	return Math.cos(M);
}
def code(K, m, n, M, l):
	return math.cos(M)
function code(K, m, n, M, l)
	return cos(M)
end
function tmp = code(K, m, n, M, l)
	tmp = cos(M);
end
code[K_, m_, n_, M_, l_] := N[Cos[M], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\cos M
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 69.6%

    \[\cos \left(\frac{K \cdot \left(m + n\right)}{2} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    2. +-commutative69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{n + m}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|m - n\right|\right)} \]
    3. fabs-sub69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{n + m}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\left|n - m\right|}\right)} \]
    4. +-commutative69.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{m + n}}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)} \]
  3. Simplified69.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\left(-{\left(\frac{m + n}{2} - M\right)}^{2}\right) - \left(\ell - \left|n - m\right|\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in l around inf 28.6%

    \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \ell}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-neg28.6%

      \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\ell}} \]
  6. Simplified28.6%

    \[\leadsto \cos \left(\frac{K}{\frac{2}{m + n}} - M\right) \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-\ell}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in l around 0 6.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \left(K \cdot \left(m + n\right)\right) - M\right)} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in K around 0 6.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(-M\right)} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. cos-neg6.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \]
  10. Simplified6.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos M} \]
  11. Final simplification6.9%

    \[\leadsto \cos M \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023319 
(FPCore (K m n M l)
  :name "Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (32)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (cos (- (/ (* K (+ m n)) 2.0) M)) (exp (- (- (pow (- (/ (+ m n) 2.0) M) 2.0)) (- l (fabs (- m n)))))))