VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (6)

Percentage Accurate: 76.0% → 98.6%
Time: 13.9s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* PI l) (* (/ 1.0 (* F F)) (tan (* PI l)))))
double code(double F, double l) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((((double) M_PI) * l)));
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	return (Math.PI * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * Math.tan((Math.PI * l)));
}
def code(F, l):
	return (math.pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * math.tan((math.pi * l)))
function code(F, l)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * l) - Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(F * F)) * tan(Float64(pi * l))))
end
function tmp = code(F, l)
	tmp = (pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((pi * l)));
end
code[F_, l_] := N[(N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(1.0 / N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 76.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* PI l) (* (/ 1.0 (* F F)) (tan (* PI l)))))
double code(double F, double l) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((((double) M_PI) * l)));
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	return (Math.PI * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * Math.tan((Math.PI * l)));
}
def code(F, l):
	return (math.pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * math.tan((math.pi * l)))
function code(F, l)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * l) - Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(F * F)) * tan(Float64(pi * l))))
end
function tmp = code(F, l)
	tmp = (pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((pi * l)));
end
code[F_, l_] := N[(N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(1.0 / N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.6% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 40:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, l_m, \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l_m\right)}{-F}}{F}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  l_s
  (if (<= (* PI l_m) 40.0)
    (fma PI l_m (/ (/ (tan (* PI l_m)) (- F)) F))
    (* PI l_m))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 40.0) {
		tmp = fma(((double) M_PI), l_m, ((tan((((double) M_PI) * l_m)) / -F) / F));
	} else {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * l_m;
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(pi * l_m) <= 40.0)
		tmp = fma(pi, l_m, Float64(Float64(tan(Float64(pi * l_m)) / Float64(-F)) / F));
	else
		tmp = Float64(pi * l_m);
	end
	return Float64(l_s * tmp)
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 40.0], N[(Pi * l$95$m + N[(N[(N[Tan[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / (-F)), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 40:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, l_m, \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l_m\right)}{-F}}{F}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 40

    1. Initial program 81.0%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. fma-neg81.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, -\frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right)} \]
      2. distribute-lft-neg-in81.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{F \cdot F}\right) \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}\right) \]
      3. sqr-neg81.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \left(-\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}}\right) \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
      4. distribute-neg-frac81.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
      5. metadata-eval81.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
      6. distribute-lft-neg-out81.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-F \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
      7. neg-mul-181.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(F \cdot \left(-F\right)\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
      8. associate-/r*81.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{-1}}{F \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval81.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{F \cdot \left(-F\right)} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)\right) \]
      10. associate-*l/81.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot \left(-F\right)}}\right) \]
      11. *-lft-identity81.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot \left(-F\right)}\right) \]
      12. associate-/l/88.3%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{-F}}{F}}\right) \]
    3. Simplified88.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{-F}}{F}\right)} \]

    if 40 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

    1. Initial program 65.6%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. sqr-neg65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. *-lft-identity65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified65.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 52.9%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in F around inf 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification91.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq 40:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \ell, \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{-F}}{F}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 2: 74.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-224} \lor \neg \left(\pi \cdot l_m \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-193}\right) \land \left(\pi \cdot l_m \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-169} \lor \neg \left(\pi \cdot l_m \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-66}\right)\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{-l_m}{F}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  l_s
  (if (or (<= (* PI l_m) 2e-224)
          (and (not (<= (* PI l_m) 5e-193))
               (or (<= (* PI l_m) 5e-169) (not (<= (* PI l_m) 5e-66)))))
    (* PI l_m)
    (* (/ PI F) (/ (- l_m) F)))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 2e-224) || (!((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 5e-193) && (((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 5e-169) || !((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 5e-66)))) {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * l_m;
	} else {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) / F) * (-l_m / F);
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (((Math.PI * l_m) <= 2e-224) || (!((Math.PI * l_m) <= 5e-193) && (((Math.PI * l_m) <= 5e-169) || !((Math.PI * l_m) <= 5e-66)))) {
		tmp = Math.PI * l_m;
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.PI / F) * (-l_m / F);
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	tmp = 0
	if ((math.pi * l_m) <= 2e-224) or (not ((math.pi * l_m) <= 5e-193) and (((math.pi * l_m) <= 5e-169) or not ((math.pi * l_m) <= 5e-66))):
		tmp = math.pi * l_m
	else:
		tmp = (math.pi / F) * (-l_m / F)
	return l_s * tmp
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((Float64(pi * l_m) <= 2e-224) || (!(Float64(pi * l_m) <= 5e-193) && ((Float64(pi * l_m) <= 5e-169) || !(Float64(pi * l_m) <= 5e-66))))
		tmp = Float64(pi * l_m);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi / F) * Float64(Float64(-l_m) / F));
	end
	return Float64(l_s * tmp)
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((pi * l_m) <= 2e-224) || (~(((pi * l_m) <= 5e-193)) && (((pi * l_m) <= 5e-169) || ~(((pi * l_m) <= 5e-66)))))
		tmp = pi * l_m;
	else
		tmp = (pi / F) * (-l_m / F);
	end
	tmp_2 = l_s * tmp;
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * If[Or[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 2e-224], And[N[Not[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 5e-193]], $MachinePrecision], Or[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 5e-169], N[Not[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 5e-66]], $MachinePrecision]]]], N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(Pi / F), $MachinePrecision] * N[((-l$95$m) / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-224} \lor \neg \left(\pi \cdot l_m \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-193}\right) \land \left(\pi \cdot l_m \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-169} \lor \neg \left(\pi \cdot l_m \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-66}\right)\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{-l_m}{F}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 2e-224 or 5.0000000000000005e-193 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 5.0000000000000002e-169 or 4.99999999999999962e-66 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

    1. Initial program 73.9%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg73.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/74.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. sqr-neg74.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. *-lft-identity74.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified74.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 68.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in F around inf 78.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]

    if 2e-224 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 5.0000000000000005e-193 or 5.0000000000000002e-169 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 4.99999999999999962e-66

    1. Initial program 93.2%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg93.2%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/93.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. sqr-neg93.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. *-lft-identity93.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified93.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 93.3%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in F around 0 57.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \pi}{{F}^{2}}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg57.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\ell \cdot \pi}{{F}^{2}}} \]
    7. Simplified57.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\ell \cdot \pi}{{F}^{2}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative57.3%

        \[\leadsto -\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell}}{{F}^{2}} \]
      2. unpow257.3%

        \[\leadsto -\frac{\pi \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      3. times-frac63.6%

        \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]
    9. Applied egg-rr63.6%

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification76.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-224} \lor \neg \left(\pi \cdot \ell \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-193}\right) \land \left(\pi \cdot \ell \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-169} \lor \neg \left(\pi \cdot \ell \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-66}\right)\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{-\ell}{F}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3: 98.6% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 40:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m - \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l_m\right)}{F}}{F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  l_s
  (if (<= (* PI l_m) 40.0)
    (- (* PI l_m) (/ (/ (tan (* PI l_m)) F) F))
    (* PI l_m))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 40.0) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l_m) - ((tan((((double) M_PI) * l_m)) / F) / F);
	} else {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * l_m;
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((Math.PI * l_m) <= 40.0) {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l_m) - ((Math.tan((Math.PI * l_m)) / F) / F);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.PI * l_m;
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	tmp = 0
	if (math.pi * l_m) <= 40.0:
		tmp = (math.pi * l_m) - ((math.tan((math.pi * l_m)) / F) / F)
	else:
		tmp = math.pi * l_m
	return l_s * tmp
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(pi * l_m) <= 40.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(tan(Float64(pi * l_m)) / F) / F));
	else
		tmp = Float64(pi * l_m);
	end
	return Float64(l_s * tmp)
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((pi * l_m) <= 40.0)
		tmp = (pi * l_m) - ((tan((pi * l_m)) / F) / F);
	else
		tmp = pi * l_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = l_s * tmp;
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 40.0], N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[Tan[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 40:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m - \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot l_m\right)}{F}}{F}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 40

    1. Initial program 81.0%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
      2. *-un-lft-identity81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
      3. associate-/r*88.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr88.3%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]

    if 40 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

    1. Initial program 65.6%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. sqr-neg65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. *-lft-identity65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified65.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 52.9%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in F around inf 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification91.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq 40:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 98.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 40:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m - \frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{l_m}{F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  l_s
  (if (<= (* PI l_m) 40.0) (- (* PI l_m) (* (/ PI F) (/ l_m F))) (* PI l_m))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 40.0) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l_m) - ((((double) M_PI) / F) * (l_m / F));
	} else {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * l_m;
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((Math.PI * l_m) <= 40.0) {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l_m) - ((Math.PI / F) * (l_m / F));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.PI * l_m;
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	tmp = 0
	if (math.pi * l_m) <= 40.0:
		tmp = (math.pi * l_m) - ((math.pi / F) * (l_m / F))
	else:
		tmp = math.pi * l_m
	return l_s * tmp
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(pi * l_m) <= 40.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(pi / F) * Float64(l_m / F)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(pi * l_m);
	end
	return Float64(l_s * tmp)
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((pi * l_m) <= 40.0)
		tmp = (pi * l_m) - ((pi / F) * (l_m / F));
	else
		tmp = pi * l_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = l_s * tmp;
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 40.0], N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(Pi / F), $MachinePrecision] * N[(l$95$m / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 40:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m - \frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{l_m}{F}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 40

    1. Initial program 81.0%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg81.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. sqr-neg81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. *-lft-identity81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified81.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 79.4%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative79.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell}}{F \cdot F} \]
      2. times-frac85.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr85.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}} \]

    if 40 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

    1. Initial program 65.6%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. sqr-neg65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. *-lft-identity65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified65.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 52.9%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in F around inf 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification90.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq 40:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\pi}{F} \cdot \frac{\ell}{F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 98.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 40:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m - \frac{l_m \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}}{F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  l_s
  (if (<= (* PI l_m) 40.0) (- (* PI l_m) (/ (* l_m (/ PI F)) F)) (* PI l_m))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 40.0) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l_m) - ((l_m * (((double) M_PI) / F)) / F);
	} else {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * l_m;
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((Math.PI * l_m) <= 40.0) {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l_m) - ((l_m * (Math.PI / F)) / F);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.PI * l_m;
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	tmp = 0
	if (math.pi * l_m) <= 40.0:
		tmp = (math.pi * l_m) - ((l_m * (math.pi / F)) / F)
	else:
		tmp = math.pi * l_m
	return l_s * tmp
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(pi * l_m) <= 40.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) - Float64(Float64(l_m * Float64(pi / F)) / F));
	else
		tmp = Float64(pi * l_m);
	end
	return Float64(l_s * tmp)
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((pi * l_m) <= 40.0)
		tmp = (pi * l_m) - ((l_m * (pi / F)) / F);
	else
		tmp = pi * l_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = l_s * tmp;
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 40.0], N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(l$95$m * N[(Pi / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 40:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m - \frac{l_m \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}}{F}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 40

    1. Initial program 81.0%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
      2. *-un-lft-identity81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
      3. associate-/r*88.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr88.3%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 85.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\ell \cdot \pi}{F}}}{F} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/85.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}}}{F} \]
    6. Simplified85.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}}}{F} \]

    if 40 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

    1. Initial program 65.6%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. sqr-neg65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. *-lft-identity65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified65.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 52.9%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in F around inf 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification90.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq 40:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\ell \cdot \frac{\pi}{F}}{F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6: 92.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 40:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \left(l_m - l_m \cdot {F}^{-2}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  l_s
  (if (<= (* PI l_m) 40.0) (* PI (- l_m (* l_m (pow F -2.0)))) (* PI l_m))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 40.0) {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * (l_m - (l_m * pow(F, -2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * l_m;
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((Math.PI * l_m) <= 40.0) {
		tmp = Math.PI * (l_m - (l_m * Math.pow(F, -2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.PI * l_m;
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	tmp = 0
	if (math.pi * l_m) <= 40.0:
		tmp = math.pi * (l_m - (l_m * math.pow(F, -2.0)))
	else:
		tmp = math.pi * l_m
	return l_s * tmp
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(pi * l_m) <= 40.0)
		tmp = Float64(pi * Float64(l_m - Float64(l_m * (F ^ -2.0))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(pi * l_m);
	end
	return Float64(l_s * tmp)
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((pi * l_m) <= 40.0)
		tmp = pi * (l_m - (l_m * (F ^ -2.0)));
	else
		tmp = pi * l_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = l_s * tmp;
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 40.0], N[(Pi * N[(l$95$m - N[(l$95$m * N[Power[F, -2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 40:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \left(l_m - l_m \cdot {F}^{-2}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 40

    1. Initial program 81.0%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg81.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. sqr-neg81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. *-lft-identity81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified81.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 79.4%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. div-inv78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{1}{F \cdot F}} \]
      2. *-commutative78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \]
      3. pow278.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{F}^{2}}} \]
      4. pow-flip78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{F}^{\left(-2\right)}} \]
      5. metadata-eval78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot {F}^{\color{blue}{-2}} \]
      6. cancel-sign-sub-inv78.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell + \left(-\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot {F}^{-2}} \]
      7. distribute-lft-neg-in78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell + \color{blue}{\left(-\left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot {F}^{-2}\right)} \]
      8. distribute-rgt-neg-in78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell + \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(-{F}^{-2}\right)} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr78.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell + \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(-{F}^{-2}\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-rgt-neg-out78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell + \color{blue}{\left(-\left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot {F}^{-2}\right)} \]
      2. associate-*r*78.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell + \left(-\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(\ell \cdot {F}^{-2}\right)}\right) \]
      3. sub-neg78.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \pi \cdot \left(\ell \cdot {F}^{-2}\right)} \]
      4. distribute-lft-out--78.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(\ell - \ell \cdot {F}^{-2}\right)} \]
    8. Simplified78.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(\ell - \ell \cdot {F}^{-2}\right)} \]

    if 40 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

    1. Initial program 65.6%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. sqr-neg65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. *-lft-identity65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified65.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 52.9%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in F around inf 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification85.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq 40:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \left(\ell - \ell \cdot {F}^{-2}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 7: 92.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 40:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\pi \cdot l_m\right) \cdot \left(1 - {F}^{-2}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  l_s
  (if (<= (* PI l_m) 40.0) (* (* PI l_m) (- 1.0 (pow F -2.0))) (* PI l_m))))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((((double) M_PI) * l_m) <= 40.0) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l_m) * (1.0 - pow(F, -2.0));
	} else {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * l_m;
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((Math.PI * l_m) <= 40.0) {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l_m) * (1.0 - Math.pow(F, -2.0));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.PI * l_m;
	}
	return l_s * tmp;
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	tmp = 0
	if (math.pi * l_m) <= 40.0:
		tmp = (math.pi * l_m) * (1.0 - math.pow(F, -2.0))
	else:
		tmp = math.pi * l_m
	return l_s * tmp
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(pi * l_m) <= 40.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l_m) * Float64(1.0 - (F ^ -2.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(pi * l_m);
	end
	return Float64(l_s * tmp)
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((pi * l_m) <= 40.0)
		tmp = (pi * l_m) * (1.0 - (F ^ -2.0));
	else
		tmp = pi * l_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = l_s * tmp;
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 40.0], N[(N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[Power[F, -2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot l_m \leq 40:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\pi \cdot l_m\right) \cdot \left(1 - {F}^{-2}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot l_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 40

    1. Initial program 81.0%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg81.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. sqr-neg81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. *-lft-identity81.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified81.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 79.4%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. div-inv78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{1}{F \cdot F}} \]
      2. *-commutative78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \]
      3. pow278.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{F}^{2}}} \]
      4. pow-flip78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{F}^{\left(-2\right)}} \]
      5. metadata-eval78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot {F}^{\color{blue}{-2}} \]
      6. cancel-sign-sub-inv78.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell + \left(-\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot {F}^{-2}} \]
      7. distribute-lft-neg-in78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell + \color{blue}{\left(-\left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot {F}^{-2}\right)} \]
      8. distribute-rgt-neg-in78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell + \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(-{F}^{-2}\right)} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr78.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell + \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(-{F}^{-2}\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative78.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell + \color{blue}{\left(-{F}^{-2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \]
      2. cancel-sign-sub-inv78.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - {F}^{-2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \]
      3. *-lft-identity78.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} - {F}^{-2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      4. distribute-rgt-out--78.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(1 - {F}^{-2}\right)} \]
      5. *-commutative78.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \left(1 - {F}^{-2}\right) \]
    8. Simplified78.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(1 - {F}^{-2}\right)} \]

    if 40 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

    1. Initial program 65.6%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. sqr-neg65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
      4. *-lft-identity65.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
    3. Simplified65.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 52.9%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in F around inf 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification85.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq 40:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(1 - {F}^{-2}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 8: 73.8% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right) \\ l_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l_m\right) \end{array} \]
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
l_s = (copysign.f64 1 l)
(FPCore (l_s F l_m) :precision binary64 (* l_s (* PI l_m)))
l_m = fabs(l);
l_s = copysign(1.0, l);
double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * (((double) M_PI) * l_m);
}
l_m = Math.abs(l);
l_s = Math.copySign(1.0, l);
public static double code(double l_s, double F, double l_m) {
	return l_s * (Math.PI * l_m);
}
l_m = math.fabs(l)
l_s = math.copysign(1.0, l)
def code(l_s, F, l_m):
	return l_s * (math.pi * l_m)
l_m = abs(l)
l_s = copysign(1.0, l)
function code(l_s, F, l_m)
	return Float64(l_s * Float64(pi * l_m))
end
l_m = abs(l);
l_s = sign(l) * abs(1.0);
function tmp = code(l_s, F, l_m)
	tmp = l_s * (pi * l_m);
end
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
l_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[l]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[l$95$s_, F_, l$95$m_] := N[(l$95$s * N[(Pi * l$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
l_m = \left|\ell\right|
\\
l_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, \ell\right)

\\
l_s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot l_m\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 76.1%

    \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sqr-neg76.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. associate-*l/76.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
    3. sqr-neg76.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. *-lft-identity76.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
  3. Simplified76.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 71.0%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi}}{F \cdot F} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in F around inf 73.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]
  6. Final simplification73.2%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023319 
(FPCore (F l)
  :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (6)"
  :precision binary64
  (- (* PI l) (* (/ 1.0 (* F F)) (tan (* PI l)))))