Trigonometry B

Percentage Accurate: 99.5% → 99.5%

Time: 9.9s

Alternatives: 7

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan x \cdot \tan x\\ \frac{1 - t_0}{1 + t_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (tan x) (tan x)))) (/ (- 1.0 t_0) (+ 1.0 t_0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = tan(x) * tan(x);
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = tan(x) * tan(x)
    code = (1.0d0 - t_0) / (1.0d0 + t_0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.tan(x) * Math.tan(x);
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
}

Python

def code(x):
	t_0 = math.tan(x) * math.tan(x)
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0)

Julia

function code(x)
	t_0 = Float64(tan(x) * tan(x))
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - t_0) / Float64(1.0 + t_0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = tan(x) * tan(x);
	tmp = (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Initial Program: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan x \cdot \tan x\\ \frac{1 - t_0}{1 + t_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (tan x) (tan x)))) (/ (- 1.0 t_0) (+ 1.0 t_0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = tan(x) * tan(x);
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = tan(x) * tan(x)
    code = (1.0d0 - t_0) / (1.0d0 + t_0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.tan(x) * Math.tan(x);
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
}

Python

def code(x):
	t_0 = math.tan(x) * math.tan(x)
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0)

Julia

function code(x)
	t_0 = Float64(tan(x) * tan(x))
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - t_0) / Float64(1.0 + t_0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = tan(x) * tan(x);
	tmp = (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Alternative 1: 99.5% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (fma (tan x) (- (tan x)) 1.0) (+ 1.0 (pow (tan x) 2.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return fma(tan(x), -tan(x), 1.0) / (1.0 + pow(tan(x), 2.0));
}

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(fma(tan(x), Float64(-tan(x)), 1.0) / Float64(1.0 + (tan(x) ^ 2.0)))
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]) + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.4%

   \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   2. +-commutative 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) + 1}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   3. distribute-rgt-neg-in 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan x\right)} + 1}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   4. fma-def 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

3. Applied egg-rr 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-log-exp 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

   2. *-un-lft-identity 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \log \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

   3. log-prod 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(\log 1 + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)}} \]

   4. metadata-eval 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(\color{blue}{0} + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)} \]

   5. add-log-exp 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)} \]

   6. pow2 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}\right)} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(0 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-lft-identity 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

7. Simplified 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

8. Final simplification 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]

Alternative 2: 59.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\tan x}^{2}\\ \frac{-1 - t_0}{t_0 + -1} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (pow (tan x) 2.0))) (/ (- -1.0 t_0) (+ t_0 -1.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = pow(tan(x), 2.0);
	return (-1.0 - t_0) / (t_0 + -1.0);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = tan(x) ** 2.0d0
    code = ((-1.0d0) - t_0) / (t_0 + (-1.0d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.pow(Math.tan(x), 2.0);
	return (-1.0 - t_0) / (t_0 + -1.0);
}

Python

def code(x):
	t_0 = math.pow(math.tan(x), 2.0)
	return (-1.0 - t_0) / (t_0 + -1.0)

Julia

function code(x)
	t_0 = tan(x) ^ 2.0
	return Float64(Float64(-1.0 - t_0) / Float64(t_0 + -1.0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = tan(x) ^ 2.0;
	tmp = (-1.0 - t_0) / (t_0 + -1.0);
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(-1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$0 + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.4%

   \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   2. +-commutative 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) + 1}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   3. distribute-rgt-neg-in 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan x\right)} + 1}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   4. fma-def 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

3. Applied egg-rr 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 59.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{1 + {\tan x}^{2}}{{\tan x}^{2} + -1}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. distribute-neg-frac 59.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}{{\tan x}^{2} + -1}} \]

   2. distribute-neg-in 59.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right) + \left(-{\tan x}^{2}\right)}}{{\tan x}^{2} + -1} \]

   3. metadata-eval 59.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1} + \left(-{\tan x}^{2}\right)}{{\tan x}^{2} + -1} \]

   4. unsub-neg 59.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1 - {\tan x}^{2}}}{{\tan x}^{2} + -1} \]

   5. +-commutative 59.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1 - {\tan x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{-1 + {\tan x}^{2}}} \]

7. Simplified 59.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 - {\tan x}^{2}}{-1 + {\tan x}^{2}}} \]

8. Final simplification 59.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{-1 - {\tan x}^{2}}{{\tan x}^{2} + -1} \]

Alternative 3: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\tan x}^{2}\\ \frac{1 - t_0}{1 + t_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (pow (tan x) 2.0))) (/ (- 1.0 t_0) (+ 1.0 t_0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = pow(tan(x), 2.0);
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = tan(x) ** 2.0d0
    code = (1.0d0 - t_0) / (1.0d0 + t_0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.pow(Math.tan(x), 2.0);
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
}

Python

def code(x):
	t_0 = math.pow(math.tan(x), 2.0)
	return (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0)

Julia

function code(x)
	t_0 = tan(x) ^ 2.0
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - t_0) / Float64(1.0 + t_0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = tan(x) ^ 2.0;
	tmp = (1.0 - t_0) / (1.0 + t_0);
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.4%

   \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   2. +-commutative 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) + 1}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   3. distribute-rgt-neg-in 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan x\right)} + 1}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   4. fma-def 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

3. Applied egg-rr 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-log-exp 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

   2. *-un-lft-identity 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \log \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

   3. log-prod 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(\log 1 + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)}} \]

   4. metadata-eval 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(\color{blue}{0} + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)} \]

   5. add-log-exp 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)} \]

   6. pow2 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}\right)} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(0 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-lft-identity 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

7. Simplified 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. fma-udef 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan x\right) + 1}}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]

   2. distribute-rgt-neg-in 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)} + 1}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]

   3. +-commutative 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]

   4. sub-neg 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]

   5. pow2 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]

9. Applied egg-rr 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - {\tan x}^{2}}}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]

10. Final simplification 99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - {\tan x}^{2}}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]

Alternative 4: 57.5% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\tan x}^{2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\tan x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{1 + t_0}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{-1 - t_0}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (pow (tan x) 2.0)))
   (if (<= (tan x) 1.0) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 t_0)) (/ 1.0 (- -1.0 t_0)))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = pow(tan(x), 2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (tan(x) <= 1.0) {
		tmp = 1.0 / (1.0 + t_0);
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0 / (-1.0 - t_0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = tan(x) ** 2.0d0
    if (tan(x) <= 1.0d0) then
        tmp = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + t_0)
    else
        tmp = 1.0d0 / ((-1.0d0) - t_0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.pow(Math.tan(x), 2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (Math.tan(x) <= 1.0) {
		tmp = 1.0 / (1.0 + t_0);
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0 / (-1.0 - t_0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x):
	t_0 = math.pow(math.tan(x), 2.0)
	tmp = 0
	if math.tan(x) <= 1.0:
		tmp = 1.0 / (1.0 + t_0)
	else:
		tmp = 1.0 / (-1.0 - t_0)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x)
	t_0 = tan(x) ^ 2.0
	tmp = 0.0
	if (tan(x) <= 1.0)
		tmp = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + t_0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(1.0 / Float64(-1.0 - t_0));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x)
	t_0 = tan(x) ^ 2.0;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (tan(x) <= 1.0)
		tmp = 1.0 / (1.0 + t_0);
	else
		tmp = 1.0 / (-1.0 - t_0);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 1.0], N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / N[(-1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (tan.f64 x) < 1

   1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 99.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

      2. +-commutative 99.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) + 1}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

      3. distribute-rgt-neg-in 99.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan x\right)} + 1}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

      4. fma-def 99.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   3. Applied egg-rr 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. add-log-exp 99.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

      2. *-un-lft-identity 99.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \log \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

      3. log-prod 99.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(\log 1 + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)}} \]

      4. metadata-eval 99.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(\color{blue}{0} + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)} \]

      5. add-log-exp 99.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)} \]

      6. pow2 99.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}\right)} \]

   5. Applied egg-rr 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(0 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-lft-identity 99.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

   7. Simplified 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in x around 0 64.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]

   if 1 < (tan.f64 x)

   1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 99.3%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

      2. +-commutative 99.3%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) + 1}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

      3. distribute-rgt-neg-in 99.3%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan x\right)} + 1}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

      4. fma-def 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   3. Applied egg-rr 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. add-log-exp 96.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

      2. *-un-lft-identity 96.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \log \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

      3. log-prod 96.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(\log 1 + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)}} \]

      4. metadata-eval 96.5%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(\color{blue}{0} + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)} \]

      5. add-log-exp 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)} \]

      6. pow2 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}\right)} \]

   5. Applied egg-rr 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(0 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-lft-identity 99.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

   7. Simplified 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in x around 0 1.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

      1. add-sqr-sqrt 1.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\tan x}^{2}}}} \]

      2. sqrt-unprod 1.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}}} \]

      3. distribute-rgt-in 1.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right) + {\tan x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}}} \]

      4. *-un-lft-identity 1.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)} + {\tan x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]

      5. pow2 1.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(1 + \color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right) + {\tan x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]

      6. metadata-eval 1.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\left(--1\right)} + \tan x \cdot \tan x\right) + {\tan x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]

      7. sqr-neg 1.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(\left(--1\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\tan x\right) \cdot \left(-\tan x\right)}\right) + {\tan x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]

      8. distribute-lft-neg-out 1.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(\left(--1\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan x\right)\right)}\right) + {\tan x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]

      9. distribute-rgt-neg-in 1.6%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(\left(--1\right) + \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}\right)\right) + {\tan x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]

      10. pow2 1.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(\left(--1\right) + \left(-\left(-\color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}\right)\right)\right) + {\tan x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]

      11. distribute-neg-in 1.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-\left(-1 + \left(-{\tan x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} + {\tan x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]

      12. sub-neg 1.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(-\color{blue}{\left(-1 - {\tan x}^{2}\right)}\right) + {\tan x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]

      13. neg-mul-1 1.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(-1 - {\tan x}^{2}\right)} + {\tan x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]

      14. +-commutative 1.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{-1 \cdot \left(-1 - {\tan x}^{2}\right) + {\tan x}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\tan x}^{2} + 1\right)}}} \]

      15. distribute-rgt-out 1.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{-1 \cdot \left(-1 - {\tan x}^{2}\right) + \color{blue}{\left({\tan x}^{2} \cdot {\tan x}^{2} + 1 \cdot {\tan x}^{2}\right)}}} \]

      16. pow2 1.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{-1 \cdot \left(-1 - {\tan x}^{2}\right) + \left({\tan x}^{2} \cdot {\tan x}^{2} + 1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}\right)}} \]

      17. *-un-lft-identity 1.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{-1 \cdot \left(-1 - {\tan x}^{2}\right) + \left({\tan x}^{2} \cdot {\tan x}^{2} + \color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

   10. Applied egg-rr 17.4%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1 - {\tan x}^{2}}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 58.2%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\tan x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{-1 - {\tan x}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 55.6% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (pow (tan x) 2.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return 1.0 / (1.0 + pow(tan(x), 2.0));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + (tan(x) ** 2.0d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.pow(Math.tan(x), 2.0));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return 1.0 / (1.0 + math.pow(math.tan(x), 2.0))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + (tan(x) ^ 2.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 1.0 / (1.0 + (tan(x) ^ 2.0));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.4%

   \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   2. +-commutative 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) + 1}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   3. distribute-rgt-neg-in 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan x\right)} + 1}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   4. fma-def 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

3. Applied egg-rr 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-log-exp 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

   2. *-un-lft-identity 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \log \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

   3. log-prod 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(\log 1 + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)}} \]

   4. metadata-eval 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(\color{blue}{0} + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)} \]

   5. add-log-exp 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)} \]

   6. pow2 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}\right)} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(0 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-lft-identity 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

7. Simplified 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in x around 0 56.0%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]

9. Final simplification 56.0%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]

Alternative 6: 58.8% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{1 - {\tan x}^{2}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (- 1.0 (pow (tan x) 2.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return 1.0 / (1.0 - pow(tan(x), 2.0));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 - (tan(x) ** 2.0d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return 1.0 / (1.0 - Math.pow(Math.tan(x), 2.0));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return 1.0 / (1.0 - math.pow(math.tan(x), 2.0))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 - (tan(x) ^ 2.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 1.0 / (1.0 - (tan(x) ^ 2.0));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.4%

   \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   2. +-commutative 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) + 1}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   3. distribute-rgt-neg-in 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan x\right)} + 1}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   4. fma-def 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

3. Applied egg-rr 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-log-exp 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

   2. *-un-lft-identity 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \log \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

   3. log-prod 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(\log 1 + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)}} \]

   4. metadata-eval 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(\color{blue}{0} + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)} \]

   5. add-log-exp 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)} \]

   6. pow2 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}\right)} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(0 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-lft-identity 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

7. Simplified 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in x around 0 56.0%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{1 + {\tan x}^{2}} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-commutative 56.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2} + 1}} \]

   2. pow2 56.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \tan x} + 1} \]

   3. fma-def 56.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, \tan x, 1\right)}} \]

   4. add-sqr-sqrt 26.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, \color{blue}{\sqrt{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt{\tan x}}, 1\right)} \]

   5. sqrt-prod 57.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, \color{blue}{\sqrt{\tan x \cdot \tan x}}, 1\right)} \]

   6. sqr-neg 57.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x\right) \cdot \left(-\tan x\right)}}, 1\right)} \]

   7. sqrt-unprod 31.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, \color{blue}{\sqrt{-\tan x} \cdot \sqrt{-\tan x}}, 1\right)} \]

   8. add-sqr-sqrt 59.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, \color{blue}{-\tan x}, 1\right)} \]

   9. fma-udef 59.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan x\right) + 1}} \]

   10. distribute-rgt-neg-in 59.0%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)} + 1} \]

   11. pow2 59.0%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(-\color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}\right) + 1} \]

   12. +-commutative 59.0%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-{\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]

   13. sub-neg 59.0%

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\tan x}^{2}}} \]

10. Applied egg-rr 59.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\tan x}^{2}}} \]

11. Final simplification 59.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 - {\tan x}^{2}} \]

Alternative 7: 55.3% accurate, 411.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 1.0)

C

double code(double x) {
	return 1.0;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 1.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return 1.0;
}

Python

def code(x):
	return 1.0

Julia

function code(x)
	return 1.0
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 1.0;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := 1.0

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.4%

   \[\frac{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan x}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   2. +-commutative 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \tan x\right) + 1}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   3. distribute-rgt-neg-in 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan x\right)} + 1}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

   4. fma-def 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]

3. Applied egg-rr 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}}{1 + \tan x \cdot \tan x} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-log-exp 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

   2. *-un-lft-identity 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \log \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)}} \]

   3. log-prod 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(\log 1 + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)}} \]

   4. metadata-eval 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(\color{blue}{0} + \log \left(e^{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)\right)} \]

   5. add-log-exp 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \tan x}\right)} \]

   6. pow2 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \left(0 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}\right)} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(0 + {\tan x}^{2}\right)}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-lft-identity 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

7. Simplified 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, -\tan x, 1\right)}{1 + \color{blue}{{\tan x}^{2}}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in x around 0 55.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

9. Final simplification 55.6%

   \[\leadsto 1 \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023319 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Trigonometry B"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (- 1.0 (* (tan x) (tan x))) (+ 1.0 (* (tan x) (tan x)))))