Numeric.SpecFunctions:invIncompleteBetaWorker from math-functions-0.1.5.2, H

Percentage Accurate: 99.8% → 99.9%
Time: 5.1s
Alternatives: 5
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (- (* x x) 3.0) 6.0))
double code(double x) {
	return ((x * x) - 3.0) / 6.0;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = ((x * x) - 3.0d0) / 6.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return ((x * x) - 3.0) / 6.0;
}
def code(x):
	return ((x * x) - 3.0) / 6.0
function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - 3.0) / 6.0)
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = ((x * x) - 3.0) / 6.0;
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - 3.0), $MachinePrecision] / 6.0), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 5 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (- (* x x) 3.0) 6.0))
double code(double x) {
	return ((x * x) - 3.0) / 6.0;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = ((x * x) - 3.0d0) / 6.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return ((x * x) - 3.0) / 6.0;
}
def code(x):
	return ((x * x) - 3.0) / 6.0
function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - 3.0) / 6.0)
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = ((x * x) - 3.0) / 6.0;
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - 3.0), $MachinePrecision] / 6.0), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x \cdot \frac{x}{6} - 0.5 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (* x (/ x 6.0)) 0.5))
double code(double x) {
	return (x * (x / 6.0)) - 0.5;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (x * (x / 6.0d0)) - 0.5d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return (x * (x / 6.0)) - 0.5;
}
def code(x):
	return (x * (x / 6.0)) - 0.5
function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(x * Float64(x / 6.0)) - 0.5)
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (x * (x / 6.0)) - 0.5;
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x * N[(x / 6.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
x \cdot \frac{x}{6} - 0.5
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.9%

    \[\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sqr-neg99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right)} - 3}{6} \]
    2. *-lft-identity99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6}} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6} \]
    4. associate-*r/99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right) \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)}{6}} \]
    5. associate-/l*99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{\frac{6}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}}} \]
    6. associate-/r/99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)} \]
    7. *-commutative99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6}} \]
    8. sqr-neg99.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot x} - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
    9. fma-neg99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right)} \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
    10. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
    11. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{6} \]
    12. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666} \]
  3. Simplified99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666 \]
    2. fma-neg99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x - 3\right)} \cdot 0.16666666666666666 \]
    3. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot x - 3\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{6}} \]
    4. div-inv99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6}} \]
    5. div-sub99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot x}{6} - \frac{3}{6}} \]
    6. div-inv99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{6}} - \frac{3}{6} \]
    7. pow299.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{6} - \frac{3}{6} \]
    8. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto {x}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666} - \frac{3}{6} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto {x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666 - \color{blue}{0.5} \]
  5. Applied egg-rr99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666 - 0.5} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{{x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666} \cdot \sqrt{{x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666}} - 0.5 \]
    2. sqrt-unprod86.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left({x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right) \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)}} - 0.5 \]
    3. swap-sqr85.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({x}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)}} - 0.5 \]
    4. pow-prod-up85.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{{x}^{\left(2 + 2\right)}} \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)} - 0.5 \]
    5. metadata-eval85.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{x}^{\color{blue}{4}} \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)} - 0.5 \]
    6. metadata-eval85.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{x}^{4} \cdot \color{blue}{0.027777777777777776}} - 0.5 \]
  7. Applied egg-rr85.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{{x}^{4} \cdot 0.027777777777777776}} - 0.5 \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sqrt-prod85.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{{x}^{4}} \cdot \sqrt{0.027777777777777776}} - 0.5 \]
    2. metadata-eval85.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{x}^{4}} \cdot \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666} - 0.5 \]
    3. sqrt-pow199.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{\left(\frac{4}{2}\right)}} \cdot 0.16666666666666666 - 0.5 \]
    4. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto {x}^{\color{blue}{2}} \cdot 0.16666666666666666 - 0.5 \]
    5. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto {x}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{6}} - 0.5 \]
    6. div-inv99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2}}{6}} - 0.5 \]
    7. unpow299.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{6} - 0.5 \]
    8. associate-/l*99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{6}{x}}} - 0.5 \]
  9. Applied egg-rr99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{6}{x}}} - 0.5 \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r/99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{6} \cdot x} - 0.5 \]
  11. Simplified99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{6} \cdot x} - 0.5 \]
  12. Final simplification99.9%

    \[\leadsto x \cdot \frac{x}{6} - 0.5 \]

Alternative 2: 74.4% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.7:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot \frac{-x}{-6}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.7) -0.5 (* x (/ (- x) -6.0))))
double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 1.7) {
		tmp = -0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = x * (-x / -6.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= 1.7d0) then
        tmp = -0.5d0
    else
        tmp = x * (-x / (-6.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 1.7) {
		tmp = -0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = x * (-x / -6.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= 1.7:
		tmp = -0.5
	else:
		tmp = x * (-x / -6.0)
	return tmp
function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= 1.7)
		tmp = -0.5;
	else
		tmp = Float64(x * Float64(Float64(-x) / -6.0));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= 1.7)
		tmp = -0.5;
	else
		tmp = x * (-x / -6.0);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.7], -0.5, N[(x * N[((-x) / -6.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.7:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.5\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \frac{-x}{-6}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < 1.69999999999999996

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right)} - 3}{6} \]
      2. *-lft-identity99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6}} \]
      3. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6} \]
      4. associate-*r/99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right) \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)}{6}} \]
      5. associate-/l*99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{\frac{6}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}}} \]
      6. associate-/r/99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)} \]
      7. *-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6}} \]
      8. sqr-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot x} - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
      9. fma-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right)} \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
      10. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
      11. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{6} \]
      12. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666} \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 62.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5} \]

    if 1.69999999999999996 < x

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg99.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right)} - 3}{6} \]
      2. *-lft-identity99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6}} \]
      3. metadata-eval99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6} \]
      4. associate-*r/99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right) \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)}{6}} \]
      5. associate-/l*99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{\frac{6}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}}} \]
      6. associate-/r/99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)} \]
      7. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6}} \]
      8. sqr-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot x} - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
      9. fma-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right)} \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
      10. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
      11. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{6} \]
      12. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666} \]
    3. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666 \]
      2. fma-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x - 3\right)} \cdot 0.16666666666666666 \]
      3. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot x - 3\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{6}} \]
      4. div-inv99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6}} \]
      5. clear-num99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{6}{x \cdot x - 3}}} \]
      6. fma-neg99.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{6}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right)}}} \]
      7. metadata-eval99.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right)}} \]
    5. Applied egg-rr99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right)}}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in x around inf 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-sqr-sqrt99.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}}}} \]
      2. sqrt-div99.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{{x}^{2}}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}}} \]
      3. unpow299.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}}} \]
      4. sqrt-prod99.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}}} \]
      5. add-sqr-sqrt99.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\color{blue}{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}}} \]
      6. sqrt-div98.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{x} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{{x}^{2}}}}} \]
      7. unpow298.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{x} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}}} \]
      8. sqrt-prod98.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{x} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{6}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}}} \]
      9. add-sqr-sqrt98.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{x} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{6}}{\color{blue}{x}}} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{x} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{6}}{x}}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/98.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{x} \cdot \sqrt{6}}{x}}} \]
      2. associate-*l/98.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{6} \cdot \sqrt{6}}{x}}}{x}} \]
      3. rem-square-sqrt99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{6}}{x}}{x}} \]
    10. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{6}{x}}{x}}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{6}{x}}} \]
      2. frac-2neg99.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{-6}{-x}}} \]
      3. associate-/r/99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{-6} \cdot \left(-x\right)} \]
      4. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{-6}} \cdot \left(-x\right) \]
    12. Applied egg-rr99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{-6} \cdot \left(-x\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification71.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.7:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot \frac{-x}{-6}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3: 74.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.7:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x 1.7) -0.5 (* x (* x 0.16666666666666666))))
double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 1.7) {
		tmp = -0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = x * (x * 0.16666666666666666);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= 1.7d0) then
        tmp = -0.5d0
    else
        tmp = x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 1.7) {
		tmp = -0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = x * (x * 0.16666666666666666);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= 1.7:
		tmp = -0.5
	else:
		tmp = x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)
	return tmp
function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= 1.7)
		tmp = -0.5;
	else
		tmp = Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= 1.7)
		tmp = -0.5;
	else
		tmp = x * (x * 0.16666666666666666);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.7], -0.5, N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.7:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.5\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < 1.69999999999999996

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right)} - 3}{6} \]
      2. *-lft-identity99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6}} \]
      3. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6} \]
      4. associate-*r/99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right) \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)}{6}} \]
      5. associate-/l*99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{\frac{6}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}}} \]
      6. associate-/r/99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)} \]
      7. *-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6}} \]
      8. sqr-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot x} - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
      9. fma-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right)} \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
      10. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
      11. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{6} \]
      12. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666} \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 62.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5} \]

    if 1.69999999999999996 < x

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg99.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right)} - 3}{6} \]
      2. *-lft-identity99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6}} \]
      3. metadata-eval99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6} \]
      4. associate-*r/99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right) \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)}{6}} \]
      5. associate-/l*99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{\frac{6}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}}} \]
      6. associate-/r/99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)} \]
      7. *-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6}} \]
      8. sqr-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot x} - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
      9. fma-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right)} \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
      10. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
      11. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{6} \]
      12. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666} \]
    3. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666 \]
      2. fma-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x - 3\right)} \cdot 0.16666666666666666 \]
      3. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot x - 3\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{6}} \]
      4. div-inv99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6}} \]
      5. clear-num99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{6}{x \cdot x - 3}}} \]
      6. fma-neg99.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{6}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right)}}} \]
      7. metadata-eval99.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right)}} \]
    5. Applied egg-rr99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right)}}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in x around inf 99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-sqr-sqrt99.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}}}} \]
      2. sqrt-div99.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{{x}^{2}}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}}} \]
      3. unpow299.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}}} \]
      4. sqrt-prod99.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}}} \]
      5. add-sqr-sqrt99.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\color{blue}{x}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{6}{{x}^{2}}}} \]
      6. sqrt-div98.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{x} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{{x}^{2}}}}} \]
      7. unpow298.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{x} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}}} \]
      8. sqrt-prod98.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{x} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{6}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}}} \]
      9. add-sqr-sqrt98.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{x} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{6}}{\color{blue}{x}}} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr98.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{x} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{6}}{x}}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/98.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{x} \cdot \sqrt{6}}{x}}} \]
      2. associate-*l/98.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{6} \cdot \sqrt{6}}{x}}}{x}} \]
      3. rem-square-sqrt99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{6}}{x}}{x}} \]
    10. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{6}{x}}{x}}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l/99.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{6}{x \cdot x}}} \]
      2. associate-/r/99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)} \]
      3. metadata-eval99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) \]
      4. associate-*l*99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot x\right) \cdot x} \]
    12. Applied egg-rr99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot x\right) \cdot x} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification71.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.7:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 99.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right) - 0.5 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (* x (* x 0.16666666666666666)) 0.5))
double code(double x) {
	return (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)) - 0.5;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0)) - 0.5d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)) - 0.5;
}
def code(x):
	return (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)) - 0.5
function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666)) - 0.5)
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)) - 0.5;
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right) - 0.5
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.9%

    \[\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sqr-neg99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right)} - 3}{6} \]
    2. *-lft-identity99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6}} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6} \]
    4. associate-*r/99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right) \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)}{6}} \]
    5. associate-/l*99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{\frac{6}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}}} \]
    6. associate-/r/99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)} \]
    7. *-commutative99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6}} \]
    8. sqr-neg99.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot x} - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
    9. fma-neg99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right)} \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
    10. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
    11. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{6} \]
    12. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666} \]
  3. Simplified99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666 \]
    2. fma-neg99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x - 3\right)} \cdot 0.16666666666666666 \]
    3. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot x - 3\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{6}} \]
    4. div-inv99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6}} \]
    5. div-sub99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot x}{6} - \frac{3}{6}} \]
    6. div-inv99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{6}} - \frac{3}{6} \]
    7. pow299.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{6} - \frac{3}{6} \]
    8. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto {x}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666} - \frac{3}{6} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto {x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666 - \color{blue}{0.5} \]
  5. Applied egg-rr99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666 - 0.5} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{{x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666} \cdot \sqrt{{x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666}} - 0.5 \]
    2. sqrt-unprod86.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left({x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right) \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)}} - 0.5 \]
    3. swap-sqr85.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({x}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)}} - 0.5 \]
    4. pow-prod-up85.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{{x}^{\left(2 + 2\right)}} \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)} - 0.5 \]
    5. metadata-eval85.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{x}^{\color{blue}{4}} \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)} - 0.5 \]
    6. metadata-eval85.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{x}^{4} \cdot \color{blue}{0.027777777777777776}} - 0.5 \]
  7. Applied egg-rr85.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{{x}^{4} \cdot 0.027777777777777776}} - 0.5 \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sqrt-prod85.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{{x}^{4}} \cdot \sqrt{0.027777777777777776}} - 0.5 \]
    2. metadata-eval85.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{x}^{4}} \cdot \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666} - 0.5 \]
    3. sqrt-pow199.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{\left(\frac{4}{2}\right)}} \cdot 0.16666666666666666 - 0.5 \]
    4. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto {x}^{\color{blue}{2}} \cdot 0.16666666666666666 - 0.5 \]
    5. *-commutative99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666 \cdot {x}^{2}} - 0.5 \]
    6. unpow299.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)} - 0.5 \]
    7. associate-*r*99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot x\right) \cdot x} - 0.5 \]
  9. Applied egg-rr99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot x\right) \cdot x} - 0.5 \]
  10. Final simplification99.9%

    \[\leadsto x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right) - 0.5 \]

Alternative 5: 49.8% accurate, 7.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -0.5 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 -0.5)
double code(double x) {
	return -0.5;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = -0.5d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return -0.5;
}
def code(x):
	return -0.5
function code(x)
	return -0.5
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = -0.5;
end
code[x_] := -0.5
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-0.5
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.9%

    \[\frac{x \cdot x - 3}{6} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sqr-neg99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right)} - 3}{6} \]
    2. *-lft-identity99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6}} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}{6} \]
    4. associate-*r/99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1 \cdot -1\right) \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)}{6}} \]
    5. associate-/l*99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{\frac{6}{\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3}}} \]
    6. associate-/r/99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \cdot \left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right)} \]
    7. *-commutative99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-x\right) \cdot \left(-x\right) - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6}} \]
    8. sqr-neg99.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot x} - 3\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
    9. fma-neg99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right)} \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
    10. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{-3}\right) \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot -1}{6} \]
    11. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{6} \]
    12. metadata-eval99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.16666666666666666} \]
  3. Simplified99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -3\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 46.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5} \]
  5. Final simplification46.8%

    \[\leadsto -0.5 \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023318 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Numeric.SpecFunctions:invIncompleteBetaWorker from math-functions-0.1.5.2, H"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (- (* x x) 3.0) 6.0))