
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (exp (- (+ x (* y (log y))) z)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return exp(((x + (y * log(y))) - z));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
code = exp(((x + (y * log(y))) - z))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return Math.exp(((x + (y * Math.log(y))) - z));
}
def code(x, y, z): return math.exp(((x + (y * math.log(y))) - z))
function code(x, y, z) return exp(Float64(Float64(x + Float64(y * log(y))) - z)) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z) tmp = exp(((x + (y * log(y))) - z)); end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[Exp[N[(N[(x + N[(y * N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
e^{\left(x + y \cdot \log y\right) - z}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (exp (- (+ x (* y (log y))) z)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return exp(((x + (y * log(y))) - z));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
code = exp(((x + (y * log(y))) - z))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return Math.exp(((x + (y * Math.log(y))) - z));
}
def code(x, y, z): return math.exp(((x + (y * math.log(y))) - z))
function code(x, y, z) return exp(Float64(Float64(x + Float64(y * log(y))) - z)) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z) tmp = exp(((x + (y * log(y))) - z)); end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[Exp[N[(N[(x + N[(y * N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
e^{\left(x + y \cdot \log y\right) - z}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (exp (- (+ x (* y (log y))) z)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return exp(((x + (y * log(y))) - z));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
code = exp(((x + (y * log(y))) - z))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return Math.exp(((x + (y * Math.log(y))) - z));
}
def code(x, y, z): return math.exp(((x + (y * math.log(y))) - z))
function code(x, y, z) return exp(Float64(Float64(x + Float64(y * log(y))) - z)) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z) tmp = exp(((x + (y * log(y))) - z)); end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[Exp[N[(N[(x + N[(y * N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
e^{\left(x + y \cdot \log y\right) - z}
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.12e+36) (exp x) (if (<= x 2.7e+55) (exp (- (* y (log y)) z)) (* (pow y y) (exp x)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.12e+36) {
tmp = exp(x);
} else if (x <= 2.7e+55) {
tmp = exp(((y * log(y)) - z));
} else {
tmp = pow(y, y) * exp(x);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.12d+36)) then
tmp = exp(x)
else if (x <= 2.7d+55) then
tmp = exp(((y * log(y)) - z))
else
tmp = (y ** y) * exp(x)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.12e+36) {
tmp = Math.exp(x);
} else if (x <= 2.7e+55) {
tmp = Math.exp(((y * Math.log(y)) - z));
} else {
tmp = Math.pow(y, y) * Math.exp(x);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.12e+36: tmp = math.exp(x) elif x <= 2.7e+55: tmp = math.exp(((y * math.log(y)) - z)) else: tmp = math.pow(y, y) * math.exp(x) return tmp
function code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.12e+36) tmp = exp(x); elseif (x <= 2.7e+55) tmp = exp(Float64(Float64(y * log(y)) - z)); else tmp = Float64((y ^ y) * exp(x)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.12e+36) tmp = exp(x); elseif (x <= 2.7e+55) tmp = exp(((y * log(y)) - z)); else tmp = (y ^ y) * exp(x); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.12e+36], N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 2.7e+55], N[Exp[N[(N[(y * N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[y, y], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.12 \cdot 10^{+36}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{x}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 2.7 \cdot 10^{+55}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{y \cdot \log y - z}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{y}^{y} \cdot e^{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.11999999999999999e36Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 77.8%
if -1.11999999999999999e36 < x < 2.69999999999999977e55Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.1%
if 2.69999999999999977e55 < x Initial program 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
associate--l+100.0%
exp-sum94.6%
*-commutative94.6%
exp-to-pow94.6%
Simplified94.6%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 94.7%
*-commutative94.7%
Simplified94.7%
Final simplification93.3%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= z -650000000.0) (not (<= z 2.15e+130))) (exp (- z)) (* (pow y y) (exp x))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if ((z <= -650000000.0) || !(z <= 2.15e+130)) {
tmp = exp(-z);
} else {
tmp = pow(y, y) * exp(x);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: tmp
if ((z <= (-650000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. (z <= 2.15d+130))) then
tmp = exp(-z)
else
tmp = (y ** y) * exp(x)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if ((z <= -650000000.0) || !(z <= 2.15e+130)) {
tmp = Math.exp(-z);
} else {
tmp = Math.pow(y, y) * Math.exp(x);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): tmp = 0 if (z <= -650000000.0) or not (z <= 2.15e+130): tmp = math.exp(-z) else: tmp = math.pow(y, y) * math.exp(x) return tmp
function code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0 if ((z <= -650000000.0) || !(z <= 2.15e+130)) tmp = exp(Float64(-z)); else tmp = Float64((y ^ y) * exp(x)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0; if ((z <= -650000000.0) || ~((z <= 2.15e+130))) tmp = exp(-z); else tmp = (y ^ y) * exp(x); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[Or[LessEqual[z, -650000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[z, 2.15e+130]], $MachinePrecision]], N[Exp[(-z)], $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[y, y], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;z \leq -650000000 \lor \neg \left(z \leq 2.15 \cdot 10^{+130}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;e^{-z}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{y}^{y} \cdot e^{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if z < -6.5e8 or 2.14999999999999992e130 < z Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around inf 85.6%
neg-mul-185.6%
Simplified85.6%
if -6.5e8 < z < 2.14999999999999992e130Initial program 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
associate--l+100.0%
exp-sum80.0%
*-commutative80.0%
exp-to-pow80.0%
Simplified80.0%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 80.0%
*-commutative80.0%
Simplified80.0%
Final simplification82.1%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -2.45e+35) (exp x) (if (<= x 2.15e-215) (/ (pow y y) (exp z)) (* (pow y y) (exp x)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -2.45e+35) {
tmp = exp(x);
} else if (x <= 2.15e-215) {
tmp = pow(y, y) / exp(z);
} else {
tmp = pow(y, y) * exp(x);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-2.45d+35)) then
tmp = exp(x)
else if (x <= 2.15d-215) then
tmp = (y ** y) / exp(z)
else
tmp = (y ** y) * exp(x)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -2.45e+35) {
tmp = Math.exp(x);
} else if (x <= 2.15e-215) {
tmp = Math.pow(y, y) / Math.exp(z);
} else {
tmp = Math.pow(y, y) * Math.exp(x);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): tmp = 0 if x <= -2.45e+35: tmp = math.exp(x) elif x <= 2.15e-215: tmp = math.pow(y, y) / math.exp(z) else: tmp = math.pow(y, y) * math.exp(x) return tmp
function code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -2.45e+35) tmp = exp(x); elseif (x <= 2.15e-215) tmp = Float64((y ^ y) / exp(z)); else tmp = Float64((y ^ y) * exp(x)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -2.45e+35) tmp = exp(x); elseif (x <= 2.15e-215) tmp = (y ^ y) / exp(z); else tmp = (y ^ y) * exp(x); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[x, -2.45e+35], N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 2.15e-215], N[(N[Power[y, y], $MachinePrecision] / N[Exp[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[y, y], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -2.45 \cdot 10^{+35}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{x}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 2.15 \cdot 10^{-215}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{{y}^{y}}{e^{z}}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{y}^{y} \cdot e^{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -2.45000000000000013e35Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 77.8%
if -2.45000000000000013e35 < x < 2.15000000000000012e-215Initial program 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
associate--l+100.0%
exp-sum89.2%
*-commutative89.2%
exp-to-pow89.2%
Simplified89.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 93.4%
*-commutative93.4%
exp-to-pow93.4%
*-commutative93.4%
exp-sum99.8%
sub-neg99.8%
exp-diff93.4%
*-commutative93.4%
exp-to-pow93.4%
Simplified93.4%
if 2.15000000000000012e-215 < x Initial program 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
associate--l+100.0%
exp-sum87.1%
*-commutative87.1%
exp-to-pow87.1%
Simplified87.1%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 87.4%
*-commutative87.4%
Simplified87.4%
Final simplification87.2%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (if (<= y 2.9e-19) (* (pow y y) (exp (- x z))) (exp (- (* y (log y)) z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (y <= 2.9e-19) {
tmp = pow(y, y) * exp((x - z));
} else {
tmp = exp(((y * log(y)) - z));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: tmp
if (y <= 2.9d-19) then
tmp = (y ** y) * exp((x - z))
else
tmp = exp(((y * log(y)) - z))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if (y <= 2.9e-19) {
tmp = Math.pow(y, y) * Math.exp((x - z));
} else {
tmp = Math.exp(((y * Math.log(y)) - z));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): tmp = 0 if y <= 2.9e-19: tmp = math.pow(y, y) * math.exp((x - z)) else: tmp = math.exp(((y * math.log(y)) - z)) return tmp
function code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0 if (y <= 2.9e-19) tmp = Float64((y ^ y) * exp(Float64(x - z))); else tmp = exp(Float64(Float64(y * log(y)) - z)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0; if (y <= 2.9e-19) tmp = (y ^ y) * exp((x - z)); else tmp = exp(((y * log(y)) - z)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[y, 2.9e-19], N[(N[Power[y, y], $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[(x - z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Exp[N[(N[(y * N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\
\;\;\;\;{y}^{y} \cdot e^{x - z}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{y \cdot \log y - z}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if y < 2.9e-19Initial program 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
associate--l+100.0%
exp-sum100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
exp-to-pow100.0%
Simplified100.0%
if 2.9e-19 < y Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 88.8%
Final simplification93.5%
(FPCore (x y z)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (exp (- z))))
(if (<= y 5.6e-208)
(exp x)
(if (<= y 6.2e-122)
t_0
(if (<= y 1.9e-32) (exp x) (if (<= y 126.0) t_0 (pow y y)))))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double t_0 = exp(-z);
double tmp;
if (y <= 5.6e-208) {
tmp = exp(x);
} else if (y <= 6.2e-122) {
tmp = t_0;
} else if (y <= 1.9e-32) {
tmp = exp(x);
} else if (y <= 126.0) {
tmp = t_0;
} else {
tmp = pow(y, y);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = exp(-z)
if (y <= 5.6d-208) then
tmp = exp(x)
else if (y <= 6.2d-122) then
tmp = t_0
else if (y <= 1.9d-32) then
tmp = exp(x)
else if (y <= 126.0d0) then
tmp = t_0
else
tmp = y ** y
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double t_0 = Math.exp(-z);
double tmp;
if (y <= 5.6e-208) {
tmp = Math.exp(x);
} else if (y <= 6.2e-122) {
tmp = t_0;
} else if (y <= 1.9e-32) {
tmp = Math.exp(x);
} else if (y <= 126.0) {
tmp = t_0;
} else {
tmp = Math.pow(y, y);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): t_0 = math.exp(-z) tmp = 0 if y <= 5.6e-208: tmp = math.exp(x) elif y <= 6.2e-122: tmp = t_0 elif y <= 1.9e-32: tmp = math.exp(x) elif y <= 126.0: tmp = t_0 else: tmp = math.pow(y, y) return tmp
function code(x, y, z) t_0 = exp(Float64(-z)) tmp = 0.0 if (y <= 5.6e-208) tmp = exp(x); elseif (y <= 6.2e-122) tmp = t_0; elseif (y <= 1.9e-32) tmp = exp(x); elseif (y <= 126.0) tmp = t_0; else tmp = y ^ y; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) t_0 = exp(-z); tmp = 0.0; if (y <= 5.6e-208) tmp = exp(x); elseif (y <= 6.2e-122) tmp = t_0; elseif (y <= 1.9e-32) tmp = exp(x); elseif (y <= 126.0) tmp = t_0; else tmp = y ^ y; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Exp[(-z)], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y, 5.6e-208], N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[y, 6.2e-122], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[y, 1.9e-32], N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[y, 126.0], t$95$0, N[Power[y, y], $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{-z}\\
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq 5.6 \cdot 10^{-208}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{x}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-122}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{-32}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{x}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 126:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{y}^{y}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if y < 5.60000000000000003e-208 or 6.1999999999999997e-122 < y < 1.90000000000000004e-32Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 87.2%
if 5.60000000000000003e-208 < y < 6.1999999999999997e-122 or 1.90000000000000004e-32 < y < 126Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around inf 88.2%
neg-mul-188.2%
Simplified88.2%
if 126 < y Initial program 100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
associate--l+100.0%
exp-sum65.5%
*-commutative65.5%
exp-to-pow65.5%
Simplified65.5%
Taylor expanded in z around 0 67.7%
*-commutative67.7%
Simplified67.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 82.0%
Final simplification84.5%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -4.6e+35) (not (<= x 5.9e+16))) (exp x) (exp (- z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -4.6e+35) || !(x <= 5.9e+16)) {
tmp = exp(x);
} else {
tmp = exp(-z);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-4.6d+35)) .or. (.not. (x <= 5.9d+16))) then
tmp = exp(x)
else
tmp = exp(-z)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -4.6e+35) || !(x <= 5.9e+16)) {
tmp = Math.exp(x);
} else {
tmp = Math.exp(-z);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z): tmp = 0 if (x <= -4.6e+35) or not (x <= 5.9e+16): tmp = math.exp(x) else: tmp = math.exp(-z) return tmp
function code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -4.6e+35) || !(x <= 5.9e+16)) tmp = exp(x); else tmp = exp(Float64(-z)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -4.6e+35) || ~((x <= 5.9e+16))) tmp = exp(x); else tmp = exp(-z); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -4.6e+35], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 5.9e+16]], $MachinePrecision]], N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision], N[Exp[(-z)], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -4.6 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 5.9 \cdot 10^{+16}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;e^{x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{-z}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -4.5999999999999996e35 or 5.9e16 < x Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 84.1%
if -4.5999999999999996e35 < x < 5.9e16Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in z around inf 62.7%
neg-mul-162.7%
Simplified62.7%
Final simplification71.5%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (exp x))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return exp(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
code = exp(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return Math.exp(x);
}
def code(x, y, z): return math.exp(x)
function code(x, y, z) return exp(x) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z) tmp = exp(x); end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
e^{x}
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 49.6%
Final simplification49.6%
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (exp (+ (- x z) (* (log y) y))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return exp(((x - z) + (log(y) * y)));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
code = exp(((x - z) + (log(y) * y)))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
return Math.exp(((x - z) + (Math.log(y) * y)));
}
def code(x, y, z): return math.exp(((x - z) + (math.log(y) * y)))
function code(x, y, z) return exp(Float64(Float64(x - z) + Float64(log(y) * y))) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z) tmp = exp(((x - z) + (log(y) * y))); end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[Exp[N[(N[(x - z), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
e^{\left(x - z\right) + \log y \cdot y}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023318
(FPCore (x y z)
:name "Statistics.Distribution.Poisson.Internal:probability from math-functions-0.1.5.2"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(exp (+ (- x z) (* (log y) y)))
(exp (- (+ x (* y (log y))) z)))