
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 16 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (* (/ (/ 0.125 s) PI) (/ (exp (/ (- r) s)) r)) (* (/ (/ 0.125 PI) s) (/ (exp (/ (- r) (* s 3.0))) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (((0.125f / s) / ((float) M_PI)) * (expf((-r / s)) / r)) + (((0.125f / ((float) M_PI)) / s) * (expf((-r / (s * 3.0f))) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / s) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) / r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(pi)) / s) * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(s * Float32(3.0)))) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (((single(0.125) / s) / single(pi)) * (exp((-r / s)) / r)) + (((single(0.125) / single(pi)) / s) * (exp((-r / (s * single(3.0)))) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125}{s}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{r} + \frac{\frac{0.125}{\pi}}{s} \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s \cdot 3}}}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
times-frac99.6%
fma-def99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-/r*99.5%
associate-*l*99.6%
/-rgt-identity99.6%
fma-def99.5%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.5%
associate-/r*99.6%
expm1-log1p-u99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
expm1-log1p-u99.6%
associate-/l/99.5%
associate-/r*99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 0.125 (* s PI))))
(+
(* (/ (exp (/ (- r) (* s 3.0))) r) t_0)
(* (/ (exp (/ (- r) s)) r) t_0))))
float code(float s, float r) {
float t_0 = 0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI));
return ((expf((-r / (s * 3.0f))) / r) * t_0) + ((expf((-r / s)) / r) * t_0);
}
function code(s, r) t_0 = Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) return Float32(Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(s * Float32(3.0)))) / r) * t_0) + Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) / r) * t_0)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) t_0 = single(0.125) / (s * single(pi)); tmp = ((exp((-r / (s * single(3.0)))) / r) * t_0) + ((exp((-r / s)) / r) * t_0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi}\\
\frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s \cdot 3}}}{r} \cdot t_0 + \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{r} \cdot t_0
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
times-frac99.6%
fma-def99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-/r*99.5%
associate-*l*99.6%
/-rgt-identity99.6%
fma-def99.5%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (* (/ (/ 0.125 s) PI) (/ (exp (/ (- r) s)) r)) (* (/ (exp (/ (- r) (* s 3.0))) r) (/ 0.125 (* s PI)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (((0.125f / s) / ((float) M_PI)) * (expf((-r / s)) / r)) + ((expf((-r / (s * 3.0f))) / r) * (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / s) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) / r)) + Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(s * Float32(3.0)))) / r) * Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (((single(0.125) / s) / single(pi)) * (exp((-r / s)) / r)) + ((exp((-r / (s * single(3.0)))) / r) * (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125}{s}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{r} + \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s \cdot 3}}}{r} \cdot \frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
times-frac99.6%
fma-def99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-/r*99.5%
associate-*l*99.6%
/-rgt-identity99.6%
fma-def99.5%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.5%
associate-/r*99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (* (/ (/ 0.125 s) PI) (/ (exp (/ (- r) s)) r)) (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (/ (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s))) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (((0.125f / s) / ((float) M_PI)) * (expf((-r / s)) / r)) + ((0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * (expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s))) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / s) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) / r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s))) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (((single(0.125) / s) / single(pi)) * (exp((-r / s)) / r)) + ((single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * (exp((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s))) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125}{s}}{\pi} \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{r} + \frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
times-frac99.6%
fma-def99.6%
associate-*l*99.6%
associate-/r*99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
metadata-eval99.6%
associate-/r*99.5%
associate-*l*99.6%
/-rgt-identity99.6%
fma-def99.5%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 99.5%
associate-/r*99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (+ (/ (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s))) r) (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s))) / r) + (expf((r / -s)) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s))) / r) + Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * ((exp((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s))) / r) + (exp((r / -s)) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}}{r} + \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (+ (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r) (/ (exp (/ r (* s -3.0))) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((r / -s)) / r) + (expf((r / (s * -3.0f))) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r) + Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(-3.0)))) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * ((exp((r / -s)) / r) + (exp((r / (s * single(-3.0)))) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r} + \frac{e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot -3}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
times-frac99.5%
neg-mul-199.5%
frac-2neg99.5%
remove-double-neg99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
distribute-rgt-neg-in99.5%
metadata-eval99.5%
Applied egg-rr99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (log1p (expm1 (* s (* PI r))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / log1pf(expm1f((s * (((float) M_PI) * r))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / log1p(expm1(Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * r))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot r\right)\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.0%
log1p-expm1-u12.7%
*-commutative12.7%
associate-*l*12.7%
Applied egg-rr12.7%
Final simplification12.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* s (log1p (expm1 (* PI r))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (s * log1pf(expm1f((((float) M_PI) * r))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(s * log1p(expm1(Float32(Float32(pi) * r))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{s \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\pi \cdot r\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.0%
expm1-log1p-u10.0%
expm1-udef8.3%
*-commutative8.3%
associate-*l*8.3%
Applied egg-rr8.3%
expm1-def10.0%
expm1-log1p10.0%
Simplified10.0%
log1p-expm1-u45.9%
Applied egg-rr45.9%
Final simplification45.9%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (+ (/ (exp (/ r (- s))) r) (/ (+ (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s)) 1.0) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((r / -s)) / r) + (((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s)) + 1.0f) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) / r) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s)) + Float32(1.0)) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * ((exp((r / -s)) / r) + (((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s)) + single(1.0)) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r} + \frac{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s} + 1}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 11.5%
Final simplification11.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (+ (/ (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s))) r) (/ (- 1.0 (/ r s)) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s))) / r) + ((1.0f - (r / s)) / r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s))) / r) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(r / s)) / r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * ((exp((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s))) / r) + ((single(1.0) - (r / s)) / r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}}{r} + \frac{1 - \frac{r}{s}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.8%
mul-1-neg10.8%
unsub-neg10.8%
Simplified10.8%
Final simplification10.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ -0.125 r) (/ (+ -1.0 (/ -1.0 (exp (/ r s)))) (* s PI))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (-0.125f / r) * ((-1.0f + (-1.0f / expf((r / s)))) / (s * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.125) / r) * Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(-1.0) / exp(Float32(r / s)))) / Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(-0.125) / r) * ((single(-1.0) + (single(-1.0) / exp((r / s)))) / (s * single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-0.125}{r} \cdot \frac{-1 + \frac{-1}{e^{\frac{r}{s}}}}{s \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.6%
mul-1-neg10.6%
Simplified10.6%
Taylor expanded in r around -inf 10.6%
associate-*r/10.6%
times-frac10.7%
sub-neg10.7%
metadata-eval10.7%
+-commutative10.7%
neg-mul-110.7%
rec-exp10.7%
associate-*r/10.7%
metadata-eval10.7%
Simplified10.7%
Final simplification10.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* 0.125 (/ (+ (exp (/ (- r) s)) 1.0) (* r (* s PI)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f * ((expf((-r / s)) + 1.0f) / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) + Float32(1.0)) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) * ((exp((-r / s)) + single(1.0)) / (r * (s * single(pi)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.125 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} + 1}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.6%
mul-1-neg10.6%
Simplified10.6%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 10.6%
Final simplification10.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 s) (/ (+ (exp (/ (- r) s)) 1.0) (* PI r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / s) * ((expf((-r / s)) + 1.0f) / (((float) M_PI) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / s) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) + Float32(1.0)) / Float32(Float32(pi) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / s) * ((exp((-r / s)) + single(1.0)) / (single(pi) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s} \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} + 1}{\pi \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.6%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 10.6%
associate-*r/10.6%
*-commutative10.6%
associate-*l*10.6%
times-frac10.6%
associate-*r/10.6%
mul-1-neg10.6%
Simplified10.6%
Final simplification10.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.125 (/ (* PI (* s r)) (+ (exp (/ (- r) s)) 1.0))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.125f / ((((float) M_PI) * (s * r)) / (expf((-r / s)) + 1.0f));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(s * r)) / Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) + Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.125) / ((single(pi) * (s * r)) / (exp((-r / s)) + single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(s \cdot r\right)}{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} + 1}}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.6%
Taylor expanded in r around inf 10.6%
associate-*r/10.6%
*-commutative10.6%
associate-*l*10.6%
times-frac10.6%
associate-*r/10.6%
mul-1-neg10.6%
Simplified10.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 10.6%
associate-*r/10.6%
*-commutative10.6%
associate-*r*10.6%
associate-/l*10.6%
associate-*r*10.6%
*-commutative10.6%
associate-*r*10.6%
*-commutative10.6%
mul-1-neg10.6%
distribute-neg-frac10.6%
Simplified10.6%
Final simplification10.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* r (* s PI))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (r * (s * single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.0%
Final simplification10.0%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* s (* PI r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (s * (((float) M_PI) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (s * (single(pi) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot r\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Simplified99.2%
Taylor expanded in r around 0 10.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.0%
expm1-log1p-u10.0%
expm1-udef8.3%
*-commutative8.3%
associate-*l*8.3%
Applied egg-rr8.3%
expm1-def10.0%
expm1-log1p10.0%
Simplified10.0%
Final simplification10.0%
herbie shell --seed 2023318
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))