
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((sinh(x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((sinh(x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((Math.sinh(x) / x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((math.sinh(x) / x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((sinh(x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((sinh(x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((sinh(x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((Math.sinh(x) / x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((math.sinh(x) / x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((sinh(x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= (/ (sinh x) x) 1.002) (fma (* x 0.16666666666666666) x (* -0.005555555555555556 (pow x 4.0))) (- (log (/ x (sinh x))))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if ((sinh(x) / x) <= 1.002) {
tmp = fma((x * 0.16666666666666666), x, (-0.005555555555555556 * pow(x, 4.0)));
} else {
tmp = -log((x / sinh(x)));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(sinh(x) / x) <= 1.002) tmp = fma(Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666), x, Float64(-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0))); else tmp = Float64(-log(Float64(x / sinh(x)))); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision], 1.002], N[(N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision] * x + N[(-0.005555555555555556 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-N[Log[N[(x / N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision])]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sinh x}{x} \leq 1.002:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666, x, -0.005555555555555556 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-\log \left(\frac{x}{\sinh x}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (sinh.f64 x) x) < 1.002Initial program 51.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt99.5%
sqrt-unprod76.5%
*-commutative76.5%
*-commutative76.5%
swap-sqr76.5%
pow-prod-up76.6%
metadata-eval76.6%
metadata-eval76.6%
Applied egg-rr76.6%
*-commutative76.6%
sqrt-prod76.8%
metadata-eval76.8%
sqrt-pow199.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
unpow299.7%
associate-*r*99.8%
Applied egg-rr99.8%
associate-*l*99.7%
unpow299.7%
+-commutative99.7%
unpow299.7%
associate-*l*99.8%
fma-def99.8%
Applied egg-rr99.8%
if 1.002 < (/.f64 (sinh.f64 x) x) Initial program 74.1%
clear-num74.1%
neg-log74.7%
Applied egg-rr74.7%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= (/ (sinh x) x) 1.002) (+ (* -0.005555555555555556 (pow x 4.0)) (* x (* x 0.16666666666666666))) (- (log (/ x (sinh x))))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if ((sinh(x) / x) <= 1.002) {
tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
} else {
tmp = -log((x / sinh(x)));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if ((sinh(x) / x) <= 1.002d0) then
tmp = ((-0.005555555555555556d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0))
else
tmp = -log((x / sinh(x)))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if ((Math.sinh(x) / x) <= 1.002) {
tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
} else {
tmp = -Math.log((x / Math.sinh(x)));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if (math.sinh(x) / x) <= 1.002: tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)) else: tmp = -math.log((x / math.sinh(x))) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(sinh(x) / x) <= 1.002) tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666))); else tmp = Float64(-log(Float64(x / sinh(x)))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if ((sinh(x) / x) <= 1.002) tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)); else tmp = -log((x / sinh(x))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision], 1.002], N[(N[(-0.005555555555555556 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-N[Log[N[(x / N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision])]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sinh x}{x} \leq 1.002:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.005555555555555556 \cdot {x}^{4} + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-\log \left(\frac{x}{\sinh x}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (sinh.f64 x) x) < 1.002Initial program 51.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt99.5%
sqrt-unprod76.5%
*-commutative76.5%
*-commutative76.5%
swap-sqr76.5%
pow-prod-up76.6%
metadata-eval76.6%
metadata-eval76.6%
Applied egg-rr76.6%
*-commutative76.6%
sqrt-prod76.8%
metadata-eval76.8%
sqrt-pow199.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
unpow299.7%
associate-*r*99.8%
Applied egg-rr99.8%
if 1.002 < (/.f64 (sinh.f64 x) x) Initial program 74.1%
clear-num74.1%
neg-log74.7%
Applied egg-rr74.7%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (/ (sinh x) x)))
(if (<= t_0 1.002)
(+ (* -0.005555555555555556 (pow x 4.0)) (* x (* x 0.16666666666666666)))
(log t_0))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = sinh(x) / x;
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 1.002) {
tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
} else {
tmp = log(t_0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = sinh(x) / x
if (t_0 <= 1.002d0) then
tmp = ((-0.005555555555555556d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0))
else
tmp = log(t_0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.sinh(x) / x;
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 1.002) {
tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
} else {
tmp = Math.log(t_0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.sinh(x) / x tmp = 0 if t_0 <= 1.002: tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)) else: tmp = math.log(t_0) return tmp
function code(x) t_0 = Float64(sinh(x) / x) tmp = 0.0 if (t_0 <= 1.002) tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666))); else tmp = log(t_0); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) t_0 = sinh(x) / x; tmp = 0.0; if (t_0 <= 1.002) tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)); else tmp = log(t_0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1.002], N[(N[(-0.005555555555555556 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\sinh x}{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq 1.002:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.005555555555555556 \cdot {x}^{4} + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log t_0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (sinh.f64 x) x) < 1.002Initial program 51.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt99.5%
sqrt-unprod76.5%
*-commutative76.5%
*-commutative76.5%
swap-sqr76.5%
pow-prod-up76.6%
metadata-eval76.6%
metadata-eval76.6%
Applied egg-rr76.6%
*-commutative76.6%
sqrt-prod76.8%
metadata-eval76.8%
sqrt-pow199.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
unpow299.7%
associate-*r*99.8%
Applied egg-rr99.8%
if 1.002 < (/.f64 (sinh.f64 x) x) Initial program 74.1%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (* -0.005555555555555556 (pow x 4.0)) (* x (* x 0.16666666666666666))))
double code(double x) {
return (-0.005555555555555556 * pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((-0.005555555555555556d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (-0.005555555555555556 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
}
def code(x): return (-0.005555555555555556 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(-0.005555555555555556 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-0.005555555555555556 \cdot {x}^{4} + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.1%
add-sqr-sqrt96.9%
sqrt-unprod74.7%
*-commutative74.7%
*-commutative74.7%
swap-sqr74.6%
pow-prod-up74.7%
metadata-eval74.7%
metadata-eval74.7%
Applied egg-rr74.7%
*-commutative74.7%
sqrt-prod74.9%
metadata-eval74.9%
sqrt-pow197.1%
metadata-eval97.1%
unpow297.1%
associate-*r*97.2%
Applied egg-rr97.2%
Final simplification97.2%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.0003527336860670194 (pow x 6.0)))
double code(double x) {
return 0.0003527336860670194 * pow(x, 6.0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.0003527336860670194d0 * (x ** 6.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.0003527336860670194 * Math.pow(x, 6.0);
}
def code(x): return 0.0003527336860670194 * math.pow(x, 6.0)
function code(x) return Float64(0.0003527336860670194 * (x ^ 6.0)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.0003527336860670194 * (x ^ 6.0); end
code[x_] := N[(0.0003527336860670194 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.0003527336860670194 \cdot {x}^{6}
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 49.4%
Final simplification49.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.16666666666666666 (pow x 2.0)))
double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * pow(x, 2.0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.16666666666666666d0 * (x ** 2.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * Math.pow(x, 2.0);
}
def code(x): return 0.16666666666666666 * math.pow(x, 2.0)
function code(x) return Float64(0.16666666666666666 * (x ^ 2.0)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.16666666666666666 * (x ^ 2.0); end
code[x_] := N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.16666666666666666 \cdot {x}^{2}
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.6%
Final simplification96.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 0.0)
double code(double x) {
return 0.0;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.0;
}
def code(x): return 0.0
function code(x) return 0.0 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.0; end
code[x_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 52.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 48.7%
Final simplification48.7%
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(if (< (fabs x) 0.085)
(*
(* x x)
(fma
(fma
(fma -2.6455026455026456e-5 (* x x) 0.0003527336860670194)
(* x x)
-0.005555555555555556)
(* x x)
0.16666666666666666))
(log (/ (sinh x) x))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (fabs(x) < 0.085) {
tmp = (x * x) * fma(fma(fma(-2.6455026455026456e-5, (x * x), 0.0003527336860670194), (x * x), -0.005555555555555556), (x * x), 0.16666666666666666);
} else {
tmp = log((sinh(x) / x));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (abs(x) < 0.085) tmp = Float64(Float64(x * x) * fma(fma(fma(-2.6455026455026456e-5, Float64(x * x), 0.0003527336860670194), Float64(x * x), -0.005555555555555556), Float64(x * x), 0.16666666666666666)); else tmp = log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[Less[N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision], 0.085], N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(-2.6455026455026456e-5 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.0003527336860670194), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + -0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left|x\right| < 0.085:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.6455026455026456 \cdot 10^{-5}, x \cdot x, 0.0003527336860670194\right), x \cdot x, -0.005555555555555556\right), x \cdot x, 0.16666666666666666\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023315
(FPCore (x)
:name "bug500, discussion (missed optimization)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (< (fabs x) 0.085) (* (* x x) (fma (fma (fma -2.6455026455026456e-5 (* x x) 0.0003527336860670194) (* x x) -0.005555555555555556) (* x x) 0.16666666666666666)) (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
(log (/ (sinh x) x)))