Migdal et al, Equation (51)

Percentage Accurate: 99.5% → 99.4%
Time: 16.2s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt k)) (pow (* (* 2.0 PI) n) (/ (- 1.0 k) 2.0))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * pow(((2.0 * ((double) M_PI)) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / Math.sqrt(k)) * Math.pow(((2.0 * Math.PI) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}
def code(k, n):
	return (1.0 / math.sqrt(k)) * math.pow(((2.0 * math.pi) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (Float64(Float64(2.0 * pi) * n) ^ Float64(Float64(1.0 - k) / 2.0)))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (((2.0 * pi) * n) ^ ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * n), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 - k), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt k)) (pow (* (* 2.0 PI) n) (/ (- 1.0 k) 2.0))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * pow(((2.0 * ((double) M_PI)) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / Math.sqrt(k)) * Math.pow(((2.0 * Math.PI) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}
def code(k, n):
	return (1.0 / math.sqrt(k)) * math.pow(((2.0 * math.pi) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (Float64(Float64(2.0 * pi) * n) ^ Float64(Float64(1.0 - k) / 2.0)))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (((2.0 * pi) * n) ^ ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * n), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 - k), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.4% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\\ \frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{t_0}}{{\left({t_0}^{k}\right)}^{0.5}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* PI (* 2.0 n))))
   (/ (* (pow k -0.5) (sqrt t_0)) (pow (pow t_0 k) 0.5))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = ((double) M_PI) * (2.0 * n);
	return (pow(k, -0.5) * sqrt(t_0)) / pow(pow(t_0, k), 0.5);
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = Math.PI * (2.0 * n);
	return (Math.pow(k, -0.5) * Math.sqrt(t_0)) / Math.pow(Math.pow(t_0, k), 0.5);
}
def code(k, n):
	t_0 = math.pi * (2.0 * n)
	return (math.pow(k, -0.5) * math.sqrt(t_0)) / math.pow(math.pow(t_0, k), 0.5)
function code(k, n)
	t_0 = Float64(pi * Float64(2.0 * n))
	return Float64(Float64((k ^ -0.5) * sqrt(t_0)) / ((t_0 ^ k) ^ 0.5))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	t_0 = pi * (2.0 * n);
	tmp = ((k ^ -0.5) * sqrt(t_0)) / ((t_0 ^ k) ^ 0.5);
end
code[k_, n_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(Pi * N[(2.0 * n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Power[k, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Power[t$95$0, k], $MachinePrecision], 0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\\
\frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{t_0}}{{\left({t_0}^{k}\right)}^{0.5}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. div-sub99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \]
    4. pow-sub99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{0.5}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    5. pow1/299.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    6. associate-*r/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    7. pow1/299.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5}}} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    8. pow-flip99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-0.5\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{k}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    10. associate-*r*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n}}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    11. *-commutative99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)} \cdot n}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    12. associate-*l*99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    13. div-inv99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}} \]
    14. metadata-eval99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)}} \]
  3. Applied egg-rr99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}{{\left({\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}\right)}^{0.5}}} \]
  4. Final simplification99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}{{\left({\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}\right)}^{0.5}} \]

Alternative 2: 99.5% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\\ {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \left(\sqrt{t_0} \cdot {t_0}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* PI (* 2.0 n))))
   (* (pow k -0.5) (* (sqrt t_0) (pow t_0 (* k -0.5))))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = ((double) M_PI) * (2.0 * n);
	return pow(k, -0.5) * (sqrt(t_0) * pow(t_0, (k * -0.5)));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = Math.PI * (2.0 * n);
	return Math.pow(k, -0.5) * (Math.sqrt(t_0) * Math.pow(t_0, (k * -0.5)));
}
def code(k, n):
	t_0 = math.pi * (2.0 * n)
	return math.pow(k, -0.5) * (math.sqrt(t_0) * math.pow(t_0, (k * -0.5)))
function code(k, n)
	t_0 = Float64(pi * Float64(2.0 * n))
	return Float64((k ^ -0.5) * Float64(sqrt(t_0) * (t_0 ^ Float64(k * -0.5))))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	t_0 = pi * (2.0 * n);
	tmp = (k ^ -0.5) * (sqrt(t_0) * (t_0 ^ (k * -0.5)));
end
code[k_, n_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(Pi * N[(2.0 * n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[Power[k, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$0, N[(k * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\\
{k}^{-0.5} \cdot \left(\sqrt{t_0} \cdot {t_0}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. div-sub99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \]
    4. sub-neg99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + \left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)\right)}} \]
    5. unpow-prod-up99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{0.5} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    6. pow1/299.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
    7. associate-*r*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
    8. *-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)} \cdot n} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
    9. associate-*l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
    10. associate-*r*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
    11. *-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)} \cdot n\right)}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
    12. associate-*l*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
    13. div-inv99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-\color{blue}{k \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)}\right) \]
    14. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-k \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)}\right) \]
    15. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \left(-0.5\right)\right)}}\right) \]
    16. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot \color{blue}{-0.5}\right)}\right) \]
  3. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u96.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \]
    2. expm1-udef77.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} - 1\right)} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \]
    3. pow1/277.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5}}}\right)} - 1\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \]
    4. pow-flip77.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-0.5\right)}}\right)} - 1\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \]
    5. metadata-eval77.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left({k}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}}\right)} - 1\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \]
  5. Applied egg-rr77.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left({k}^{-0.5}\right)} - 1\right)} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-def96.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left({k}^{-0.5}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \]
    2. expm1-log1p99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{-0.5}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \]
  7. Simplified99.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{-0.5}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \]
  8. Final simplification99.7%

    \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \]

Alternative 3: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 10^{-39}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{t_0}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{k}{{t_0}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}\right)}^{-0.5}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* PI (* 2.0 n))))
   (if (<= k 1e-39)
     (/ 1.0 (/ (sqrt k) (sqrt t_0)))
     (pow (/ k (pow t_0 (- 1.0 k))) -0.5))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = ((double) M_PI) * (2.0 * n);
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 1e-39) {
		tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt(k) / sqrt(t_0));
	} else {
		tmp = pow((k / pow(t_0, (1.0 - k))), -0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = Math.PI * (2.0 * n);
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 1e-39) {
		tmp = 1.0 / (Math.sqrt(k) / Math.sqrt(t_0));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.pow((k / Math.pow(t_0, (1.0 - k))), -0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(k, n):
	t_0 = math.pi * (2.0 * n)
	tmp = 0
	if k <= 1e-39:
		tmp = 1.0 / (math.sqrt(k) / math.sqrt(t_0))
	else:
		tmp = math.pow((k / math.pow(t_0, (1.0 - k))), -0.5)
	return tmp
function code(k, n)
	t_0 = Float64(pi * Float64(2.0 * n))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 1e-39)
		tmp = Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(k) / sqrt(t_0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(k / (t_0 ^ Float64(1.0 - k))) ^ -0.5;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(k, n)
	t_0 = pi * (2.0 * n);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (k <= 1e-39)
		tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt(k) / sqrt(t_0));
	else
		tmp = (k / (t_0 ^ (1.0 - k))) ^ -0.5;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[k_, n_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(Pi * N[(2.0 * n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[k, 1e-39], N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Power[N[(k / N[Power[t$95$0, N[(1.0 - k), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;k \leq 10^{-39}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{t_0}}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{k}{{t_0}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}\right)}^{-0.5}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if k < 9.99999999999999929e-40

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-sqr-sqrt98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod75.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]
      3. *-commutative75.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      4. div-inv75.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      5. *-commutative75.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]
      6. div-inv75.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}}} \]
      7. frac-times75.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}}}} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]
    4. Simplified75.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num75.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
      2. sqrt-div76.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
      3. metadata-eval76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
      4. associate-*r*76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
      5. *-commutative76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
      6. *-commutative76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr76.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in k around 0 76.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}} \]
      2. associate-*l*76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
      3. *-commutative76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
    9. Simplified76.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqrt-div99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
      2. *-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
    11. Applied egg-rr99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
      2. associate-*r*99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi}}}} \]
    13. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi}}}} \]

    if 9.99999999999999929e-40 < k

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
      2. div-sub99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}} \]
      3. metadata-eval99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \]
      4. sub-neg99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + \left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)\right)}} \]
      5. unpow-prod-up99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{0.5} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      6. pow1/299.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
      7. associate-*r*99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
      8. *-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)} \cdot n} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
      10. associate-*r*99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
      11. *-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)} \cdot n\right)}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
      12. associate-*l*99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(-\frac{k}{2}\right)}\right) \]
      13. div-inv99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-\color{blue}{k \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)}\right) \]
      14. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(-k \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)}\right) \]
      15. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \left(-0.5\right)\right)}}\right) \]
      16. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot \color{blue}{-0.5}\right)}\right) \]
    3. Applied egg-rr99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
      2. div-inv99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot -0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    5. Applied egg-rr99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}\right)}^{-0.5}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification99.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 10^{-39}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}\right)}^{-0.5}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {k}^{-0.5} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (* (pow k -0.5) (pow (* PI (* 2.0 n)) (- 0.5 (* k 0.5)))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow(k, -0.5) * pow((((double) M_PI) * (2.0 * n)), (0.5 - (k * 0.5)));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow(k, -0.5) * Math.pow((Math.PI * (2.0 * n)), (0.5 - (k * 0.5)));
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.pow(k, -0.5) * math.pow((math.pi * (2.0 * n)), (0.5 - (k * 0.5)))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64((k ^ -0.5) * (Float64(pi * Float64(2.0 * n)) ^ Float64(0.5 - Float64(k * 0.5))))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (k ^ -0.5) * ((pi * (2.0 * n)) ^ (0.5 - (k * 0.5)));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Power[k, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(Pi * N[(2.0 * n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 - N[(k * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{k}^{-0.5} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. *-lft-identity99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. sqr-pow99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. pow-sqr99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    5. associate-*l*99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    6. *-commutative99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2} \cdot 2\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    7. associate-*l/99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2} \cdot 2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    8. associate-/l*99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{\frac{2}{2}}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{\color{blue}{1}}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    10. /-rgt-identity99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    11. div-sub99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    12. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
  3. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. div-inv99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. associate-*r*99.3%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. *-commutative99.3%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)} \cdot n\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. associate-*l*99.3%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    5. div-inv99.3%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \color{blue}{k \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    6. metadata-eval99.3%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    7. pow1/299.3%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5}}} \]
    8. pow-flip99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-0.5\right)}} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot {k}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \]
  5. Applied egg-rr99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot {k}^{-0.5}} \]
  6. Final simplification99.4%

    \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \]

Alternative 5: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-39}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{{\left(n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= k 5e-39)
   (/ 1.0 (/ (sqrt k) (sqrt (* PI (* 2.0 n)))))
   (sqrt (/ (pow (* n (* PI 2.0)) (- 1.0 k)) k))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 5e-39) {
		tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt(k) / sqrt((((double) M_PI) * (2.0 * n))));
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((pow((n * (((double) M_PI) * 2.0)), (1.0 - k)) / k));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 5e-39) {
		tmp = 1.0 / (Math.sqrt(k) / Math.sqrt((Math.PI * (2.0 * n))));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((Math.pow((n * (Math.PI * 2.0)), (1.0 - k)) / k));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(k, n):
	tmp = 0
	if k <= 5e-39:
		tmp = 1.0 / (math.sqrt(k) / math.sqrt((math.pi * (2.0 * n))))
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt((math.pow((n * (math.pi * 2.0)), (1.0 - k)) / k))
	return tmp
function code(k, n)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 5e-39)
		tmp = Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(k) / sqrt(Float64(pi * Float64(2.0 * n)))));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(Float64((Float64(n * Float64(pi * 2.0)) ^ Float64(1.0 - k)) / k));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(k, n)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (k <= 5e-39)
		tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt(k) / sqrt((pi * (2.0 * n))));
	else
		tmp = sqrt((((n * (pi * 2.0)) ^ (1.0 - k)) / k));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[k_, n_] := If[LessEqual[k, 5e-39], N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(Pi * N[(2.0 * n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(n * N[(Pi * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 - k), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / k), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;k \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-39}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{{\left(n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if k < 4.9999999999999998e-39

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-sqr-sqrt98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod75.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]
      3. *-commutative75.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      4. div-inv75.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      5. *-commutative75.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]
      6. div-inv75.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}}} \]
      7. frac-times75.5%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}}}} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]
    4. Simplified75.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num75.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
      2. sqrt-div76.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
      3. metadata-eval76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
      4. associate-*r*76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
      5. *-commutative76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
      6. *-commutative76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr76.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in k around 0 76.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}} \]
      2. associate-*l*76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
      3. *-commutative76.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
    9. Simplified76.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqrt-div99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
      2. *-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
    11. Applied egg-rr99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
      2. associate-*r*99.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi}}}} \]
    13. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi}}}} \]

    if 4.9999999999999998e-39 < k

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-sqr-sqrt99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]
      3. *-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      4. div-inv99.3%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      5. *-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]
      6. div-inv99.3%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}}} \]
      7. frac-times99.3%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}}}} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]
    4. Simplified99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification99.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-39}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{{\left(n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (pow (* 2.0 (* PI n)) (- 0.5 (/ k 2.0))) (sqrt k)))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow((2.0 * (((double) M_PI) * n)), (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / sqrt(k);
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow((2.0 * (Math.PI * n)), (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / Math.sqrt(k);
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.pow((2.0 * (math.pi * n)), (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / math.sqrt(k)
function code(k, n)
	return Float64((Float64(2.0 * Float64(pi * n)) ^ Float64(0.5 - Float64(k / 2.0))) / sqrt(k))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = ((2.0 * (pi * n)) ^ (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / sqrt(k);
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Power[N[(2.0 * N[(Pi * n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 - N[(k / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. *-lft-identity99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. sqr-pow99.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. pow-sqr99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    5. associate-*l*99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    6. *-commutative99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2} \cdot 2\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    7. associate-*l/99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2} \cdot 2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    8. associate-/l*99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{\frac{2}{2}}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{\color{blue}{1}}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    10. /-rgt-identity99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    11. div-sub99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    12. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
  3. Simplified99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
  4. Final simplification99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

Alternative 7: 48.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{0.5}{\pi}}{n}}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* (sqrt k) (sqrt (/ (/ 0.5 PI) n)))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return 1.0 / (sqrt(k) * sqrt(((0.5 / ((double) M_PI)) / n)));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return 1.0 / (Math.sqrt(k) * Math.sqrt(((0.5 / Math.PI) / n)));
}
def code(k, n):
	return 1.0 / (math.sqrt(k) * math.sqrt(((0.5 / math.pi) / n)))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(k) * sqrt(Float64(Float64(0.5 / pi) / n))))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt(k) * sqrt(((0.5 / pi) / n)));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(0.5 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / n), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{0.5}{\pi}}{n}}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod89.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    4. div-inv89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    5. *-commutative89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]
    6. div-inv89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}}} \]
    7. frac-times89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}}}} \]
  3. Applied egg-rr89.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]
  4. Simplified89.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num89.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
    2. sqrt-div89.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
    3. metadata-eval89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    4. associate-*r*89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    5. *-commutative89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    6. *-commutative89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr89.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in k around 0 40.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}} \]
    2. associate-*l*40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
    3. *-commutative40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  9. Simplified40.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. pow1/240.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{0.5}}} \]
    2. div-inv40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \frac{1}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}}^{0.5}} \]
    3. unpow-prod-down50.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{0.5}}} \]
    4. pow1/250.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
    5. *-commutative50.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
  11. Applied egg-rr50.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{0.5}}} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow1/250.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
    2. *-commutative50.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right) \cdot n}}}} \]
    3. associate-/r*50.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\pi \cdot 2}}{n}}}} \]
    4. *-commutative50.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \pi}}}{n}}} \]
    5. associate-/r*50.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\pi}}}{n}}} \]
    6. metadata-eval50.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\pi}}{n}}} \]
  13. Simplified50.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{0.5}{\pi}}{n}}}} \]
  14. Final simplification50.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{0.5}{\pi}}{n}}} \]

Alternative 8: 48.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (/ (sqrt k) (sqrt (* PI (* 2.0 n))))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return 1.0 / (sqrt(k) / sqrt((((double) M_PI) * (2.0 * n))));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return 1.0 / (Math.sqrt(k) / Math.sqrt((Math.PI * (2.0 * n))));
}
def code(k, n):
	return 1.0 / (math.sqrt(k) / math.sqrt((math.pi * (2.0 * n))))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(k) / sqrt(Float64(pi * Float64(2.0 * n)))))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = 1.0 / (sqrt(k) / sqrt((pi * (2.0 * n))));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(Pi * N[(2.0 * n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod89.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    4. div-inv89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    5. *-commutative89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]
    6. div-inv89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}}} \]
    7. frac-times89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}}}} \]
  3. Applied egg-rr89.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]
  4. Simplified89.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num89.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
    2. sqrt-div89.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
    3. metadata-eval89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    4. associate-*r*89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    5. *-commutative89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    6. *-commutative89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr89.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in k around 0 40.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}} \]
    2. associate-*l*40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
    3. *-commutative40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  9. Simplified40.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sqrt-div50.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
    2. *-commutative50.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
  11. Applied egg-rr50.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative50.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
    2. associate-*r*50.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi}}}} \]
  13. Simplified50.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi}}}} \]
  14. Final simplification50.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}} \]

Alternative 9: 37.5% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{k}{\pi}}{n}\right)}^{-0.5} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (pow (* 0.5 (/ (/ k PI) n)) -0.5))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow((0.5 * ((k / ((double) M_PI)) / n)), -0.5);
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow((0.5 * ((k / Math.PI) / n)), -0.5);
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.pow((0.5 * ((k / math.pi) / n)), -0.5)
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(0.5 * Float64(Float64(k / pi) / n)) ^ -0.5
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (0.5 * ((k / pi) / n)) ^ -0.5;
end
code[k_, n_] := N[Power[N[(0.5 * N[(N[(k / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{k}{\pi}}{n}\right)}^{-0.5}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod89.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    4. div-inv89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    5. *-commutative89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]
    6. div-inv89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}}} \]
    7. frac-times89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}}}} \]
  3. Applied egg-rr89.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]
  4. Simplified89.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num89.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
    2. sqrt-div89.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
    3. metadata-eval89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    4. associate-*r*89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    5. *-commutative89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    6. *-commutative89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr89.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in k around 0 40.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}} \]
    2. associate-*l*40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
    3. *-commutative40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  9. Simplified40.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u39.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-udef39.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}\right)} - 1} \]
    3. pow1/239.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{0.5}}}\right)} - 1 \]
    4. pow-flip39.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{\left(-0.5\right)}}\right)} - 1 \]
    5. *-commutative39.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}\right)}^{\left(-0.5\right)}\right)} - 1 \]
    6. metadata-eval39.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}}\right)} - 1 \]
  11. Applied egg-rr39.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{-0.5}\right)} - 1} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-def39.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{-0.5}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-log1p40.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{-0.5}} \]
    3. *-lft-identity40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot k}}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
    4. associate-*r*40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{1 \cdot k}{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
    5. *-commutative40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{1 \cdot k}{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot 2}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
    6. *-commutative40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{1 \cdot k}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
    7. times-frac40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{k}{\pi \cdot n}\right)}}^{-0.5} \]
    8. metadata-eval40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\color{blue}{0.5} \cdot \frac{k}{\pi \cdot n}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
    9. associate-/r*40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\pi}}{n}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
  13. Simplified40.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{k}{\pi}}{n}\right)}^{-0.5}} \]
  14. Final simplification40.9%

    \[\leadsto {\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{k}{\pi}}{n}\right)}^{-0.5} \]

Alternative 10: 37.5% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\frac{k}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}\right)}^{-0.5} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (pow (/ k (* PI (* 2.0 n))) -0.5))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow((k / (((double) M_PI) * (2.0 * n))), -0.5);
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow((k / (Math.PI * (2.0 * n))), -0.5);
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.pow((k / (math.pi * (2.0 * n))), -0.5)
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(k / Float64(pi * Float64(2.0 * n))) ^ -0.5
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (k / (pi * (2.0 * n))) ^ -0.5;
end
code[k_, n_] := N[Power[N[(k / N[(Pi * N[(2.0 * n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{\left(\frac{k}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}\right)}^{-0.5}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod89.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    4. div-inv89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    5. *-commutative89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]
    6. div-inv89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}}} \]
    7. frac-times89.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}}}} \]
  3. Applied egg-rr89.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]
  4. Simplified89.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num89.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
    2. sqrt-div89.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
    3. metadata-eval89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    4. associate-*r*89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    5. *-commutative89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
    6. *-commutative89.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr89.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in k around 0 40.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}} \]
    2. associate-*l*40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}}} \]
    3. *-commutative40.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  9. Simplified40.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u39.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-udef39.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}\right)} - 1} \]
    3. pow1/239.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{0.5}}}\right)} - 1 \]
    4. pow-flip39.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{\left(-0.5\right)}}\right)} - 1 \]
    5. *-commutative39.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}}\right)}^{\left(-0.5\right)}\right)} - 1 \]
    6. metadata-eval39.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}}\right)} - 1 \]
  11. Applied egg-rr39.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{-0.5}\right)} - 1} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-def39.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{-0.5}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-log1p40.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{n \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)}\right)}^{-0.5}} \]
    3. associate-*r*40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
    4. *-commutative40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot 2}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
    5. *-commutative40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{k}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
    6. *-commutative40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{k}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
    7. associate-*r*40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
    8. *-commutative40.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \pi}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
  13. Simplified40.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi}\right)}^{-0.5}} \]
  14. Final simplification40.9%

    \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{k}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}\right)}^{-0.5} \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023314 
(FPCore (k n)
  :name "Migdal et al, Equation (51)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt k)) (pow (* (* 2.0 PI) n) (/ (- 1.0 k) 2.0))))