
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (exp (- x)))) (/ (- (exp x) t_0) (+ (exp x) t_0))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = exp(-x);
return (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = exp(-x)
code = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.exp(-x);
return (Math.exp(x) - t_0) / (Math.exp(x) + t_0);
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.exp(-x) return (math.exp(x) - t_0) / (math.exp(x) + t_0)
function code(x) t_0 = exp(Float64(-x)) return Float64(Float64(exp(x) - t_0) / Float64(exp(x) + t_0)) end
function tmp = code(x) t_0 = exp(-x); tmp = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0); end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{-x}\\
\frac{e^{x} - t_0}{e^{x} + t_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (exp (- x)))) (/ (- (exp x) t_0) (+ (exp x) t_0))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = exp(-x);
return (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
t_0 = exp(-x)
code = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.exp(-x);
return (Math.exp(x) - t_0) / (Math.exp(x) + t_0);
}
def code(x): t_0 = math.exp(-x) return (math.exp(x) - t_0) / (math.exp(x) + t_0)
function code(x) t_0 = exp(Float64(-x)) return Float64(Float64(exp(x) - t_0) / Float64(exp(x) + t_0)) end
function tmp = code(x) t_0 = exp(-x); tmp = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0); end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{-x}\\
\frac{e^{x} - t_0}{e^{x} + t_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (exp (- x))) (t_1 (/ (- (exp x) t_0) (+ (exp x) t_0))))
(if (<= t_1 -0.05)
t_1
(/
(+ (* 0.3333333333333333 (pow x 3.0)) (* x 2.0))
(+ 2.0 (fma x x (* 0.08333333333333333 (pow x 4.0))))))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = exp(-x);
double t_1 = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0);
double tmp;
if (t_1 <= -0.05) {
tmp = t_1;
} else {
tmp = ((0.3333333333333333 * pow(x, 3.0)) + (x * 2.0)) / (2.0 + fma(x, x, (0.08333333333333333 * pow(x, 4.0))));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x) t_0 = exp(Float64(-x)) t_1 = Float64(Float64(exp(x) - t_0) / Float64(exp(x) + t_0)) tmp = 0.0 if (t_1 <= -0.05) tmp = t_1; else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0)) + Float64(x * 2.0)) / Float64(2.0 + fma(x, x, Float64(0.08333333333333333 * (x ^ 4.0))))); end return tmp end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -0.05], t$95$1, N[(N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 + N[(x * x + N[(0.08333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{-x}\\
t_1 := \frac{e^{x} - t_0}{e^{x} + t_0}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_1 \leq -0.05:\\
\;\;\;\;t_1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3} + x \cdot 2}{2 + \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (-.f64 (exp.f64 x) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 x))) (+.f64 (exp.f64 x) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 x)))) < -0.050000000000000003Initial program 99.3%
if -0.050000000000000003 < (/.f64 (-.f64 (exp.f64 x) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 x))) (+.f64 (exp.f64 x) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 x)))) Initial program 7.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.5%
+-commutative96.5%
unpow296.5%
fma-def96.5%
Applied egg-rr96.5%
Final simplification96.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (* 0.3333333333333333 (pow x 3.0)) (* x 2.0)) (+ 2.0 (fma x x (* 0.08333333333333333 (pow x 4.0))))))
double code(double x) {
return ((0.3333333333333333 * pow(x, 3.0)) + (x * 2.0)) / (2.0 + fma(x, x, (0.08333333333333333 * pow(x, 4.0))));
}
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0)) + Float64(x * 2.0)) / Float64(2.0 + fma(x, x, Float64(0.08333333333333333 * (x ^ 4.0))))) end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 + N[(x * x + N[(0.08333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3} + x \cdot 2}{2 + \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 10.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.5%
+-commutative94.5%
unpow294.5%
fma-def94.5%
Applied egg-rr94.5%
Final simplification94.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (* 0.3333333333333333 (pow x 3.0)) (* x 2.0)) (fma x x 2.0)))
double code(double x) {
return ((0.3333333333333333 * pow(x, 3.0)) + (x * 2.0)) / fma(x, x, 2.0);
}
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0)) + Float64(x * 2.0)) / fma(x, x, 2.0)) end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x * x + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3} + x \cdot 2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 2\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 10.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.5%
+-commutative93.8%
unpow293.8%
fma-def93.8%
Simplified94.5%
Final simplification94.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ x (+ (* (pow x 3.0) -0.3333333333333333) (* 0.13333333333333333 (pow x 5.0)))))
double code(double x) {
return x + ((pow(x, 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333) + (0.13333333333333333 * pow(x, 5.0)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x + (((x ** 3.0d0) * (-0.3333333333333333d0)) + (0.13333333333333333d0 * (x ** 5.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x + ((Math.pow(x, 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333) + (0.13333333333333333 * Math.pow(x, 5.0)));
}
def code(x): return x + ((math.pow(x, 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333) + (0.13333333333333333 * math.pow(x, 5.0)))
function code(x) return Float64(x + Float64(Float64((x ^ 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333) + Float64(0.13333333333333333 * (x ^ 5.0)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x + (((x ^ 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333) + (0.13333333333333333 * (x ^ 5.0))); end
code[x_] := N[(x + N[(N[(N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.13333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x + \left({x}^{3} \cdot -0.3333333333333333 + 0.13333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{5}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 10.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.3%
Final simplification94.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (* x 2.0) (fma x x 2.0)))
double code(double x) {
return (x * 2.0) / fma(x, x, 2.0);
}
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x * 2.0) / fma(x, x, 2.0)) end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x * x + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x \cdot 2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, 2\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 10.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 93.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 93.8%
+-commutative93.8%
unpow293.8%
fma-def93.8%
Simplified93.8%
Final simplification93.8%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ x (* (pow x 3.0) -0.3333333333333333)))
double code(double x) {
return x + (pow(x, 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x + ((x ** 3.0d0) * (-0.3333333333333333d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x + (Math.pow(x, 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333);
}
def code(x): return x + (math.pow(x, 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333)
function code(x) return Float64(x + Float64((x ^ 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x + ((x ^ 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333); end
code[x_] := N[(x + N[(N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x + {x}^{3} \cdot -0.3333333333333333
\end{array}
Initial program 10.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 93.8%
*-commutative93.8%
Simplified93.8%
Final simplification93.8%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 1.5)
double code(double x) {
return 1.5;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.5d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.5;
}
def code(x): return 1.5
function code(x) return 1.5 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.5; end
code[x_] := 1.5
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1.5
\end{array}
Initial program 10.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.3%
Applied egg-rr4.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 4.1%
Final simplification4.1%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 x)
double code(double x) {
return x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x;
}
def code(x): return x
function code(x) return x end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x; end
code[x_] := x
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x
\end{array}
Initial program 10.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 93.7%
Final simplification93.7%
herbie shell --seed 2023311
(FPCore (x)
:name "Hyperbolic tangent"
:precision binary64
(/ (- (exp x) (exp (- x))) (+ (exp x) (exp (- x)))))