Migdal et al, Equation (51)

Percentage Accurate: 99.4% → 99.5%
Time: 12.2s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt k)) (pow (* (* 2.0 PI) n) (/ (- 1.0 k) 2.0))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * pow(((2.0 * ((double) M_PI)) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / Math.sqrt(k)) * Math.pow(((2.0 * Math.PI) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}
def code(k, n):
	return (1.0 / math.sqrt(k)) * math.pow(((2.0 * math.pi) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (Float64(Float64(2.0 * pi) * n) ^ Float64(Float64(1.0 - k) / 2.0)))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (((2.0 * pi) * n) ^ ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * n), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 - k), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt k)) (pow (* (* 2.0 PI) n) (/ (- 1.0 k) 2.0))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * pow(((2.0 * ((double) M_PI)) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return (1.0 / Math.sqrt(k)) * Math.pow(((2.0 * Math.PI) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
}
def code(k, n):
	return (1.0 / math.sqrt(k)) * math.pow(((2.0 * math.pi) * n), ((1.0 - k) / 2.0))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (Float64(Float64(2.0 * pi) * n) ^ Float64(Float64(1.0 - k) / 2.0)))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (1.0 / sqrt(k)) * (((2.0 * pi) * n) ^ ((1.0 - k) / 2.0));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * n), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 - k), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.5% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi\\ \frac{\sqrt{t_0}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {t_0}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* 2.0 n) PI)))
   (/ (sqrt t_0) (* (sqrt k) (pow t_0 (* k 0.5))))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = (2.0 * n) * ((double) M_PI);
	return sqrt(t_0) / (sqrt(k) * pow(t_0, (k * 0.5)));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	double t_0 = (2.0 * n) * Math.PI;
	return Math.sqrt(t_0) / (Math.sqrt(k) * Math.pow(t_0, (k * 0.5)));
}
def code(k, n):
	t_0 = (2.0 * n) * math.pi
	return math.sqrt(t_0) / (math.sqrt(k) * math.pow(t_0, (k * 0.5)))
function code(k, n)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(2.0 * n) * pi)
	return Float64(sqrt(t_0) / Float64(sqrt(k) * (t_0 ^ Float64(k * 0.5))))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	t_0 = (2.0 * n) * pi;
	tmp = sqrt(t_0) / (sqrt(k) * (t_0 ^ (k * 0.5)));
end
code[k_, n_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(2.0 * n), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$0, N[(k * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi\\
\frac{\sqrt{t_0}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {t_0}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. associate-*r*99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. div-sub99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    5. div-inv99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    6. pow-sub99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{0.5}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    7. pow1/299.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    8. associate-/l/99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    9. div-inv99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}} \]
    10. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)}} \]
  3. Applied egg-rr99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \]
    2. associate-*r*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi}}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \]
    4. associate-*r*99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \]
  5. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}}} \]
  6. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \]

Alternative 2: 99.4% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{{k}^{-0.5}}{\sqrt{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (pow k -0.5) (sqrt (pow (* n (* 2.0 PI)) (+ k -1.0)))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow(k, -0.5) / sqrt(pow((n * (2.0 * ((double) M_PI))), (k + -1.0)));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow(k, -0.5) / Math.sqrt(Math.pow((n * (2.0 * Math.PI)), (k + -1.0)));
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.pow(k, -0.5) / math.sqrt(math.pow((n * (2.0 * math.pi)), (k + -1.0)))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64((k ^ -0.5) / sqrt((Float64(n * Float64(2.0 * pi)) ^ Float64(k + -1.0))))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (k ^ -0.5) / sqrt(((n * (2.0 * pi)) ^ (k + -1.0)));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Power[k, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[(n * N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(k + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{{k}^{-0.5}}{\sqrt{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod88.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    4. div-inv88.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    5. *-commutative88.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]
    6. div-inv88.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}}} \]
    7. frac-times88.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}}}} \]
  3. Applied egg-rr88.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]
  4. Simplified88.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num88.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
    2. sqrt-div88.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
    3. metadata-eval88.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr88.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}}}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. pow1/288.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}\right)}^{0.5}}} \]
    2. div-inv88.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \frac{1}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}\right)}}^{0.5}} \]
    3. unpow-prod-down99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}\right)}^{0.5}}} \]
    4. pow1/299.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
    5. pow-sub99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{1}}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
    6. pow199.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
    7. clear-num99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}\right)}}^{0.5}} \]
    8. pow199.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left(\frac{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{1}}}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
    9. pow-div99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\color{blue}{\left({\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(k - 1\right)}\right)}}^{0.5}} \]
    10. *-commutative99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left({\color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}^{\left(k - 1\right)}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
    11. *-commutative99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left({\left(\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k - 1\right)}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
    12. associate-*l*99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left({\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}^{\left(k - 1\right)}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{k} \cdot {\left({\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(k - 1\right)}\right)}^{0.5}}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow1/299.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(k - 1\right)}}}} \]
    2. associate-*r*99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}^{\left(k - 1\right)}}} \]
    3. sub-neg99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(k + \left(-1\right)\right)}}}} \]
    4. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}}} \]
  10. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. inv-pow99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}\right)}^{-1}} \]
    2. unpow-prod-down99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{k}\right)}^{-1} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}\right)}^{-1}} \]
    3. inv-pow99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}\right)}^{-1} \]
    4. pow1/299.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5}}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}\right)}^{-1} \]
    5. pow-flip99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-0.5\right)}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}\right)}^{-1} \]
    6. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto {k}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}\right)}^{-1} \]
    7. associate-*l*99.5%

      \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}\right)}^{-1} \]
  12. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}\right)}^{-1}} \]
  13. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow-199.5%

      \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}}} \]
    2. associate-*r/99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot 1}{\sqrt{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}}} \]
    3. *-rgt-identity99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{-0.5}}}{\sqrt{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}} \]
  14. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{-0.5}}{\sqrt{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}}} \]
  15. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{{k}^{-0.5}}{\sqrt{{\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}}} \]

Alternative 3: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {k}^{-0.5} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (* (pow k -0.5) (pow (* 2.0 (* n PI)) (- 0.5 (* k 0.5)))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow(k, -0.5) * pow((2.0 * (n * ((double) M_PI))), (0.5 - (k * 0.5)));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow(k, -0.5) * Math.pow((2.0 * (n * Math.PI)), (0.5 - (k * 0.5)));
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.pow(k, -0.5) * math.pow((2.0 * (n * math.pi)), (0.5 - (k * 0.5)))
function code(k, n)
	return Float64((k ^ -0.5) * (Float64(2.0 * Float64(n * pi)) ^ Float64(0.5 - Float64(k * 0.5))))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (k ^ -0.5) * ((2.0 * (n * pi)) ^ (0.5 - (k * 0.5)));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Power[k, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(2.0 * N[(n * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 - N[(k * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{k}^{-0.5} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. *-lft-identity99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. sqr-pow99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. pow-sqr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    5. associate-*l*99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    6. *-commutative99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2} \cdot 2\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    7. associate-*l/99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2} \cdot 2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    8. associate-/l*99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{\frac{2}{2}}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{\color{blue}{1}}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    10. /-rgt-identity99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    11. div-sub99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    12. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
  3. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. div-inv99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. div-inv99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \color{blue}{k \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. pow1/299.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5}}} \]
    5. pow-flip99.5%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-0.5\right)}} \]
    6. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot {k}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \]
  5. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot {k}^{-0.5}} \]
  6. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto {k}^{-0.5} \cdot {\left(2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \]

Alternative 4: 99.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 7.5 \cdot 10^{-53}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= k 7.5e-53)
   (/ (sqrt (* n (* 2.0 PI))) (sqrt k))
   (sqrt (/ (pow (* (* 2.0 n) PI) (- 1.0 k)) k))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 7.5e-53) {
		tmp = sqrt((n * (2.0 * ((double) M_PI)))) / sqrt(k);
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((pow(((2.0 * n) * ((double) M_PI)), (1.0 - k)) / k));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 7.5e-53) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((n * (2.0 * Math.PI))) / Math.sqrt(k);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((Math.pow(((2.0 * n) * Math.PI), (1.0 - k)) / k));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(k, n):
	tmp = 0
	if k <= 7.5e-53:
		tmp = math.sqrt((n * (2.0 * math.pi))) / math.sqrt(k)
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt((math.pow(((2.0 * n) * math.pi), (1.0 - k)) / k))
	return tmp
function code(k, n)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 7.5e-53)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(n * Float64(2.0 * pi))) / sqrt(k));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(Float64((Float64(Float64(2.0 * n) * pi) ^ Float64(1.0 - k)) / k));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(k, n)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (k <= 7.5e-53)
		tmp = sqrt((n * (2.0 * pi))) / sqrt(k);
	else
		tmp = sqrt(((((2.0 * n) * pi) ^ (1.0 - k)) / k));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[k_, n_] := If[LessEqual[k, 7.5e-53], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(n * N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(N[(2.0 * n), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 - k), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / k), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;k \leq 7.5 \cdot 10^{-53}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if k < 7.5000000000000001e-53

    1. Initial program 99.1%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-sqr-sqrt98.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod73.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]
      3. *-commutative73.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      4. div-inv73.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      5. *-commutative73.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]
      6. div-inv73.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}}} \]
      7. frac-times73.7%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}}}} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr73.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]
    4. Simplified74.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. pow-sub74.1%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{1}}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}}{k}} \]
      2. pow174.1%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}{k}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr74.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}}{k}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in k around 0 74.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/74.1%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}{k}}} \]
      2. *-commutative74.1%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{k}} \]
      3. sqrt-div99.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
      4. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
      5. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
      6. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot 2}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
      7. associate-*r*99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
      8. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
      9. associate-*l*99.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    9. Applied egg-rr99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]

    if 7.5000000000000001e-53 < k

    1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. add-sqr-sqrt99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]
      2. sqrt-unprod99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]
      3. *-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      4. div-inv99.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      5. *-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]
      6. div-inv99.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}}} \]
      7. frac-times99.6%

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}}}} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]
    4. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 7.5 \cdot 10^{-53}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (pow (* 2.0 (* n PI)) (- 0.5 (/ k 2.0))) (sqrt k)))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow((2.0 * (n * ((double) M_PI))), (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / sqrt(k);
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow((2.0 * (n * Math.PI)), (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / Math.sqrt(k);
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.pow((2.0 * (n * math.pi)), (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / math.sqrt(k)
function code(k, n)
	return Float64((Float64(2.0 * Float64(n * pi)) ^ Float64(0.5 - Float64(k / 2.0))) / sqrt(k))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = ((2.0 * (n * pi)) ^ (0.5 - (k / 2.0))) / sqrt(k);
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Power[N[(2.0 * N[(n * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 - N[(k / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. *-lft-identity99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. sqr-pow99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. pow-sqr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    5. associate-*l*99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    6. *-commutative99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2} \cdot 2\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    7. associate-*l/99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2} \cdot 2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    8. associate-/l*99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{\frac{2}{2}}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{\color{blue}{1}}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    10. /-rgt-identity99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    11. div-sub99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    12. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
  3. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
  4. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

Alternative 6: 49.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (/ (sqrt (* n (* 2.0 PI))) (sqrt k)))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return sqrt((n * (2.0 * ((double) M_PI)))) / sqrt(k);
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.sqrt((n * (2.0 * Math.PI))) / Math.sqrt(k);
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.sqrt((n * (2.0 * math.pi))) / math.sqrt(k)
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(sqrt(Float64(n * Float64(2.0 * pi))) / sqrt(k))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = sqrt((n * (2.0 * pi))) / sqrt(k);
end
code[k_, n_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(n * N[(2.0 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod88.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    4. div-inv88.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    5. *-commutative88.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]
    6. div-inv88.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}}} \]
    7. frac-times88.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}}}} \]
  3. Applied egg-rr88.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]
  4. Simplified88.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. pow-sub88.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{1}}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}}{k}} \]
    2. pow188.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}{k}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr88.8%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}}{k}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in k around 0 40.1%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/40.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \pi\right)}{k}}} \]
    2. *-commutative40.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{k}} \]
    3. sqrt-div50.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    4. *-commutative50.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    5. *-commutative50.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    6. *-commutative50.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot n\right)} \cdot 2}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    7. associate-*r*50.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(n \cdot 2\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    8. *-commutative50.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    9. associate-*l*50.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
  9. Applied egg-rr50.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
  10. Final simplification50.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]

Alternative 7: 39.3% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(k \cdot \frac{0.5}{n \cdot \pi}\right)}^{-0.5} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (pow (* k (/ 0.5 (* n PI))) -0.5))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return pow((k * (0.5 / (n * ((double) M_PI)))), -0.5);
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.pow((k * (0.5 / (n * Math.PI))), -0.5);
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.pow((k * (0.5 / (n * math.pi))), -0.5)
function code(k, n)
	return Float64(k * Float64(0.5 / Float64(n * pi))) ^ -0.5
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = (k * (0.5 / (n * pi))) ^ -0.5;
end
code[k_, n_] := N[Power[N[(k * N[(0.5 / N[(n * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{\left(k \cdot \frac{0.5}{n \cdot \pi}\right)}^{-0.5}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l/99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. *-lft-identity99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. sqr-pow99.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. pow-sqr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    5. associate-*l*99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    6. *-commutative99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{2} \cdot 2\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    7. associate-*l/99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2} \cdot 2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    8. associate-/l*99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{\frac{2}{2}}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    9. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{\frac{1 - k}{2}}{\color{blue}{1}}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    10. /-rgt-identity99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    11. div-sub99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    12. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \]
  3. Simplified99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. div-inv99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \frac{k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}} \]
    2. div-inv99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - \color{blue}{k \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    3. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \]
    4. pow1/299.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{k}^{0.5}}} \]
    5. pow-flip99.5%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-0.5\right)}} \]
    6. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot {k}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \]
  5. Applied egg-rr99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot {k}^{-0.5}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right)} \cdot {k}^{-0.5} \]
    2. add-sqr-sqrt99.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}}\right)} \]
    3. add-sqr-sqrt99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}}\right) \]
    4. *-commutative99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \left(\sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}}\right) \]
    5. associate-*r*99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \left(\sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}}\right) \]
    6. *-commutative99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \left(\sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}}\right) \]
    7. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} - k \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \left(\sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}}\right) \]
    8. metadata-eval99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2} - k \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(\sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}}\right) \]
    9. div-inv99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \color{blue}{\frac{k}{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(\sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}}\right) \]
    10. div-sub99.4%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}}\right) \]
    11. sqrt-pow199.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{-0.5}}\right) \]
    12. sqrt-unprod99.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{{k}^{-0.5} \cdot {k}^{-0.5}}} \]
    13. pow-prod-up99.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{k}^{\left(-0.5 + -0.5\right)}}} \]
    14. metadata-eval99.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{{k}^{\color{blue}{-1}}} \]
    15. inv-pow99.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{k}}} \]
    16. sqrt-prod88.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{k}}} \]
  7. Applied egg-rr88.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(k \cdot {\left(n \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{\left(k - 1\right)}\right)}^{-0.5}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*88.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(k \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}^{\left(k - 1\right)}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
    2. sub-neg88.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(k \cdot {\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(k + \left(-1\right)\right)}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
    3. metadata-eval88.9%

      \[\leadsto {\left(k \cdot {\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
  9. Simplified88.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(k \cdot {\left(\left(n \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)}^{\left(k + -1\right)}\right)}^{-0.5}} \]
  10. Taylor expanded in k around 0 40.3%

    \[\leadsto {\left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{n \cdot \pi}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
  11. Final simplification40.3%

    \[\leadsto {\left(k \cdot \frac{0.5}{n \cdot \pi}\right)}^{-0.5} \]

Alternative 8: 38.6% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (k n) :precision binary64 (sqrt (* 2.0 (* n (/ PI k)))))
double code(double k, double n) {
	return sqrt((2.0 * (n * (((double) M_PI) / k))));
}
public static double code(double k, double n) {
	return Math.sqrt((2.0 * (n * (Math.PI / k))));
}
def code(k, n):
	return math.sqrt((2.0 * (n * (math.pi / k))))
function code(k, n)
	return sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(n * Float64(pi / k))))
end
function tmp = code(k, n)
	tmp = sqrt((2.0 * (n * (pi / k))));
end
code[k_, n_] := N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(n * N[(Pi / k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. add-sqr-sqrt99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}} \]
    2. sqrt-unprod88.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative88.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    4. div-inv88.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
    5. *-commutative88.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{k}}\right)}} \]
    6. div-inv88.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k}}}} \]
    7. frac-times88.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot n\right)}^{\left(\frac{1 - k}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{k} \cdot \sqrt{k}}}} \]
  3. Applied egg-rr88.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left({\left(2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(0.5 - k \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}^{2}}{k}}} \]
  4. Simplified88.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{\left(1 - k\right)}}{k}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. pow-sub88.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{1}}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}}{k}} \]
    2. pow188.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}{k}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr88.8%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)}{{\left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot n\right)\right)}^{k}}}}{k}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in k around 0 40.1%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-log1p-u38.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-udef36.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}\right)} - 1} \]
    3. associate-/l*36.9%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}}\right)} - 1 \]
  9. Applied egg-rr36.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right)} - 1} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. expm1-def38.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}\right)\right)} \]
    2. expm1-log1p40.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \frac{n}{\frac{k}{\pi}}}} \]
    3. associate-/l*40.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{n \cdot \pi}{k}}} \]
    4. associate-*r/40.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}} \]
  11. Simplified40.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)}} \]
  12. Final simplification40.1%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(n \cdot \frac{\pi}{k}\right)} \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023309 
(FPCore (k n)
  :name "Migdal et al, Equation (51)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt k)) (pow (* (* 2.0 PI) n) (/ (- 1.0 k) 2.0))))