Asymptote B

Percentage Accurate: 100.0% → 100.0%
Time: 3.7s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0)) (/ x (+ x 1.0))))
double code(double x) {
	return (1.0 / (x - 1.0)) + (x / (x + 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (1.0d0 / (x - 1.0d0)) + (x / (x + 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return (1.0 / (x - 1.0)) + (x / (x + 1.0));
}
def code(x):
	return (1.0 / (x - 1.0)) + (x / (x + 1.0))
function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x - 1.0)) + Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (1.0 / (x - 1.0)) + (x / (x + 1.0));
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0)) (/ x (+ x 1.0))))
double code(double x) {
	return (1.0 / (x - 1.0)) + (x / (x + 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (1.0d0 / (x - 1.0d0)) + (x / (x + 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return (1.0 / (x - 1.0)) + (x / (x + 1.0));
}
def code(x):
	return (1.0 / (x - 1.0)) + (x / (x + 1.0))
function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x - 1.0)) + Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (1.0 / (x - 1.0)) + (x / (x + 1.0));
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + -1} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (/ x (+ 1.0 x)) (/ 1.0 (+ x -1.0))))
double code(double x) {
	return (x / (1.0 + x)) + (1.0 / (x + -1.0));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (x / (1.0d0 + x)) + (1.0d0 / (x + (-1.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return (x / (1.0 + x)) + (1.0 / (x + -1.0));
}
def code(x):
	return (x / (1.0 + x)) + (1.0 / (x + -1.0))
function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(x / Float64(1.0 + x)) + Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + -1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (x / (1.0 + x)) + (1.0 / (x + -1.0));
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x / N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + -1}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[\frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]
  2. Final simplification100.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + -1} \]

Alternative 2: 98.9% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x}{1 + x}\\ \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1\right):\\ \;\;\;\;t_0 + \frac{1}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0 + \left(-1 - x\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ x (+ 1.0 x))))
   (if (or (<= x -1.0) (not (<= x 1.0)))
     (+ t_0 (/ 1.0 x))
     (+ t_0 (- -1.0 x)))))
double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = x / (1.0 + x);
	double tmp;
	if ((x <= -1.0) || !(x <= 1.0)) {
		tmp = t_0 + (1.0 / x);
	} else {
		tmp = t_0 + (-1.0 - x);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = x / (1.0d0 + x)
    if ((x <= (-1.0d0)) .or. (.not. (x <= 1.0d0))) then
        tmp = t_0 + (1.0d0 / x)
    else
        tmp = t_0 + ((-1.0d0) - x)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = x / (1.0 + x);
	double tmp;
	if ((x <= -1.0) || !(x <= 1.0)) {
		tmp = t_0 + (1.0 / x);
	} else {
		tmp = t_0 + (-1.0 - x);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x):
	t_0 = x / (1.0 + x)
	tmp = 0
	if (x <= -1.0) or not (x <= 1.0):
		tmp = t_0 + (1.0 / x)
	else:
		tmp = t_0 + (-1.0 - x)
	return tmp
function code(x)
	t_0 = Float64(x / Float64(1.0 + x))
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((x <= -1.0) || !(x <= 1.0))
		tmp = Float64(t_0 + Float64(1.0 / x));
	else
		tmp = Float64(t_0 + Float64(-1.0 - x));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x)
	t_0 = x / (1.0 + x);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((x <= -1.0) || ~((x <= 1.0)))
		tmp = t_0 + (1.0 / x);
	else
		tmp = t_0 + (-1.0 - x);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(x / N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[x, -1.0], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 1.0]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(t$95$0 + N[(1.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$0 + N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{x}{1 + x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1\right):\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 + \frac{1}{x}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 + \left(-1 - x\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < -1 or 1 < x

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{1}{x - 1}} \]
      2. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} + \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
      3. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}{x - 1} \]
      4. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot -1}{x - 1} \]
      5. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}}{x - 1} \]
      6. associate-*l/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)} \]
      7. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      9. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      10. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      11. associate-/r*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      12. associate-*r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{-1}}} \]
      13. associate-/l*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{x - 1}}}} \]
      14. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}} \]
      15. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      16. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      17. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      18. *-lft-identity100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}} \]
      19. sub-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} \]
      20. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} \]
    3. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + -1}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around inf 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x}} \]

    if -1 < x < 1

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{1}{x - 1}} \]
      2. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} + \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
      3. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}{x - 1} \]
      4. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot -1}{x - 1} \]
      5. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}}{x - 1} \]
      6. associate-*l/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)} \]
      7. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      9. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      10. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      11. associate-/r*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      12. associate-*r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{-1}}} \]
      13. associate-/l*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{x - 1}}}} \]
      14. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}} \]
      15. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      16. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      17. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      18. *-lft-identity100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}} \]
      19. sub-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} \]
      20. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} \]
    3. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + -1}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot x - 1\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-neg98.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot x + \left(-1\right)\right)} \]
      2. neg-mul-198.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \left(\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right) \]
      3. metadata-eval98.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \left(\left(-x\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative98.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\left(-1 + \left(-x\right)\right)} \]
      5. unsub-neg98.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\left(-1 - x\right)} \]
    6. Simplified98.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\left(-1 - x\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification98.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{1 + x} + \left(-1 - x\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3: 98.9% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.9:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{1 + x} + \left(-1 - x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x -1.9) 1.0 (if (<= x 1.0) (+ (/ x (+ 1.0 x)) (- -1.0 x)) 1.0)))
double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -1.9) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else if (x <= 1.0) {
		tmp = (x / (1.0 + x)) + (-1.0 - x);
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= (-1.9d0)) then
        tmp = 1.0d0
    else if (x <= 1.0d0) then
        tmp = (x / (1.0d0 + x)) + ((-1.0d0) - x)
    else
        tmp = 1.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -1.9) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else if (x <= 1.0) {
		tmp = (x / (1.0 + x)) + (-1.0 - x);
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= -1.9:
		tmp = 1.0
	elif x <= 1.0:
		tmp = (x / (1.0 + x)) + (-1.0 - x)
	else:
		tmp = 1.0
	return tmp
function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= -1.9)
		tmp = 1.0;
	elseif (x <= 1.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(x / Float64(1.0 + x)) + Float64(-1.0 - x));
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= -1.9)
		tmp = 1.0;
	elseif (x <= 1.0)
		tmp = (x / (1.0 + x)) + (-1.0 - x);
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.9], 1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 1.0], N[(N[(x / N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.9:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x}{1 + x} + \left(-1 - x\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < -1.8999999999999999 or 1 < x

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{1}{x - 1}} \]
      2. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} + \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
      3. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}{x - 1} \]
      4. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot -1}{x - 1} \]
      5. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}}{x - 1} \]
      6. associate-*l/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)} \]
      7. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      9. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      10. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      11. associate-/r*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      12. associate-*r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{-1}}} \]
      13. associate-/l*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{x - 1}}}} \]
      14. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}} \]
      15. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      16. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      17. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      18. *-lft-identity100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}} \]
      19. sub-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} \]
      20. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} \]
    3. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + -1}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around inf 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

    if -1.8999999999999999 < x < 1

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{1}{x - 1}} \]
      2. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} + \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
      3. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}{x - 1} \]
      4. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot -1}{x - 1} \]
      5. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}}{x - 1} \]
      6. associate-*l/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)} \]
      7. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      9. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      10. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      11. associate-/r*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      12. associate-*r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{-1}}} \]
      13. associate-/l*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{x - 1}}}} \]
      14. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}} \]
      15. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      16. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      17. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      18. *-lft-identity100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}} \]
      19. sub-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} \]
      20. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} \]
    3. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + -1}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot x - 1\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-neg98.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot x + \left(-1\right)\right)} \]
      2. neg-mul-198.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \left(\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + \left(-1\right)\right) \]
      3. metadata-eval98.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \left(\left(-x\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative98.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\left(-1 + \left(-x\right)\right)} \]
      5. unsub-neg98.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\left(-1 - x\right)} \]
    6. Simplified98.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\left(-1 - x\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification98.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.9:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{1 + x} + \left(-1 - x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.9:\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{1}{x + -1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x -1.0) 1.0 (if (<= x 1.9) (+ x (/ 1.0 (+ x -1.0))) 1.0)))
double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -1.0) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else if (x <= 1.9) {
		tmp = x + (1.0 / (x + -1.0));
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= (-1.0d0)) then
        tmp = 1.0d0
    else if (x <= 1.9d0) then
        tmp = x + (1.0d0 / (x + (-1.0d0)))
    else
        tmp = 1.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -1.0) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else if (x <= 1.9) {
		tmp = x + (1.0 / (x + -1.0));
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= -1.0:
		tmp = 1.0
	elif x <= 1.9:
		tmp = x + (1.0 / (x + -1.0))
	else:
		tmp = 1.0
	return tmp
function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= -1.0)
		tmp = 1.0;
	elseif (x <= 1.9)
		tmp = Float64(x + Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + -1.0)));
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= -1.0)
		tmp = 1.0;
	elseif (x <= 1.9)
		tmp = x + (1.0 / (x + -1.0));
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.0], 1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 1.9], N[(x + N[(1.0 / N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.9:\\
\;\;\;\;x + \frac{1}{x + -1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < -1 or 1.8999999999999999 < x

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{1}{x - 1}} \]
      2. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} + \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
      3. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}{x - 1} \]
      4. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot -1}{x - 1} \]
      5. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}}{x - 1} \]
      6. associate-*l/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)} \]
      7. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      9. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      10. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      11. associate-/r*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      12. associate-*r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{-1}}} \]
      13. associate-/l*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{x - 1}}}} \]
      14. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}} \]
      15. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      16. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      17. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      18. *-lft-identity100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}} \]
      19. sub-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} \]
      20. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} \]
    3. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + -1}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around inf 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

    if -1 < x < 1.8999999999999999

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{1}{x - 1}} \]
      2. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} + \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
      3. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}{x - 1} \]
      4. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot -1}{x - 1} \]
      5. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}}{x - 1} \]
      6. associate-*l/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)} \]
      7. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      9. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      10. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      11. associate-/r*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      12. associate-*r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{-1}}} \]
      13. associate-/l*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{x - 1}}}} \]
      14. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}} \]
      15. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      16. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      17. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      18. *-lft-identity100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}} \]
      19. sub-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} \]
      20. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} \]
    3. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + -1}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} + \frac{1}{x + -1} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification98.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.9:\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{1}{x + -1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 98.8% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.0) 1.0 (if (<= x 1.0) -1.0 1.0)))
double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -1.0) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else if (x <= 1.0) {
		tmp = -1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= (-1.0d0)) then
        tmp = 1.0d0
    else if (x <= 1.0d0) then
        tmp = -1.0d0
    else
        tmp = 1.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -1.0) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else if (x <= 1.0) {
		tmp = -1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= -1.0:
		tmp = 1.0
	elif x <= 1.0:
		tmp = -1.0
	else:
		tmp = 1.0
	return tmp
function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= -1.0)
		tmp = 1.0;
	elseif (x <= 1.0)
		tmp = -1.0;
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= -1.0)
		tmp = 1.0;
	elseif (x <= 1.0)
		tmp = -1.0;
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.0], 1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 1.0], -1.0, 1.0]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < -1 or 1 < x

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{1}{x - 1}} \]
      2. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} + \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
      3. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}{x - 1} \]
      4. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot -1}{x - 1} \]
      5. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}}{x - 1} \]
      6. associate-*l/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)} \]
      7. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      9. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      10. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      11. associate-/r*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      12. associate-*r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{-1}}} \]
      13. associate-/l*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{x - 1}}}} \]
      14. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}} \]
      15. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      16. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      17. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      18. *-lft-identity100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}} \]
      19. sub-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} \]
      20. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} \]
    3. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + -1}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around inf 99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

    if -1 < x < 1

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{1}{x - 1}} \]
      2. +-commutative100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} + \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
      3. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}{x - 1} \]
      4. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot -1}{x - 1} \]
      5. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}}{x - 1} \]
      6. associate-*l/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)} \]
      7. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      8. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      9. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      10. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
      11. associate-/r*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
      12. associate-*r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{-1}}} \]
      13. associate-/l*100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{x - 1}}}} \]
      14. associate-/r/100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}} \]
      15. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      16. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      17. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
      18. *-lft-identity100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}} \]
      19. sub-neg100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} \]
      20. metadata-eval100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} \]
    3. Simplified100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + -1}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification98.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6: 50.5% accurate, 11.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -1 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 -1.0)
double code(double x) {
	return -1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = -1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return -1.0;
}
def code(x):
	return -1.0
function code(x)
	return -1.0
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = -1.0;
end
code[x_] := -1.0
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-1
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[\frac{1}{x - 1} + \frac{x}{x + 1} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutative100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{1}{x - 1}} \]
    2. +-commutative100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} + \frac{1}{x - 1} \]
    3. metadata-eval100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}{x - 1} \]
    4. metadata-eval100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot -1}{x - 1} \]
    5. metadata-eval100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}}{x - 1} \]
    6. associate-*l/100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x - 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)} \]
    7. associate-/r/100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
    8. metadata-eval100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
    9. metadata-eval100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
    10. metadata-eval100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}}{\frac{x - 1}{-1}} \]
    11. associate-/r*100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \frac{x - 1}{-1}}} \]
    12. associate-*r/100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{-1}}} \]
    13. associate-/l*100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{x - 1}}}} \]
    14. associate-/r/100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}} \]
    15. metadata-eval100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{-1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
    16. metadata-eval100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-1}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
    17. metadata-eval100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]
    18. *-lft-identity100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x - 1}} \]
    19. sub-neg100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} \]
    20. metadata-eval100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} \]
  3. Simplified100.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 + x} + \frac{1}{x + -1}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 47.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
  5. Final simplification47.0%

    \[\leadsto -1 \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023308 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Asymptote B"
  :precision binary64
  (+ (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0)) (/ x (+ x 1.0))))