
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((sinh(x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((sinh(x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((Math.sinh(x) / x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((math.sinh(x) / x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((sinh(x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((sinh(x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((sinh(x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((Math.sinh(x) / x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((math.sinh(x) / x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((sinh(x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)
\end{array}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (/ (sinh x) x)))
(if (<= t_0 1.000005)
(+
(* -0.005555555555555556 (pow x 4.0))
(* x (sqrt (* (pow x 2.0) 0.027777777777777776))))
(log t_0))))x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = sinh(x) / x;
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 1.000005) {
tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * sqrt((pow(x, 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776)));
} else {
tmp = log(t_0);
}
return tmp;
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = sinh(x) / x
if (t_0 <= 1.000005d0) then
tmp = ((-0.005555555555555556d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (x * sqrt(((x ** 2.0d0) * 0.027777777777777776d0)))
else
tmp = log(t_0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.sinh(x) / x;
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 1.000005) {
tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * Math.sqrt((Math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776)));
} else {
tmp = Math.log(t_0);
}
return tmp;
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): t_0 = math.sinh(x) / x tmp = 0 if t_0 <= 1.000005: tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * math.sqrt((math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776))) else: tmp = math.log(t_0) return tmp
x = abs(x) function code(x) t_0 = Float64(sinh(x) / x) tmp = 0.0 if (t_0 <= 1.000005) tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(x * sqrt(Float64((x ^ 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776)))); else tmp = log(t_0); end return tmp end
x = abs(x) function tmp_2 = code(x) t_0 = sinh(x) / x; tmp = 0.0; if (t_0 <= 1.000005) tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)) + (x * sqrt(((x ^ 2.0) * 0.027777777777777776))); else tmp = log(t_0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1.000005], N[(N[(-0.005555555555555556 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.027777777777777776), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\sinh x}{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq 1.000005:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.005555555555555556 \cdot {x}^{4} + x \cdot \sqrt{{x}^{2} \cdot 0.027777777777777776}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log t_0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (sinh.f64 x) x) < 1.00000500000000003Initial program 56.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt99.6%
sqrt-unprod78.6%
*-commutative78.6%
*-commutative78.6%
swap-sqr78.6%
pow-prod-up78.7%
metadata-eval78.7%
metadata-eval78.7%
Applied egg-rr78.7%
*-commutative78.7%
sqrt-prod78.7%
metadata-eval78.7%
sqrt-pow199.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
unpow299.7%
associate-*r*99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt50.6%
sqrt-unprod77.0%
swap-sqr77.0%
metadata-eval77.0%
pow277.0%
Applied egg-rr77.0%
*-commutative77.0%
Simplified77.0%
if 1.00000500000000003 < (/.f64 (sinh.f64 x) x) Initial program 57.1%
Final simplification75.9%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (/ (sinh x) x)))
(if (<= t_0 1.000005)
(fma (* x 0.16666666666666666) x (* -0.005555555555555556 (pow x 4.0)))
(log t_0))))x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = sinh(x) / x;
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 1.000005) {
tmp = fma((x * 0.16666666666666666), x, (-0.005555555555555556 * pow(x, 4.0)));
} else {
tmp = log(t_0);
}
return tmp;
}
x = abs(x) function code(x) t_0 = Float64(sinh(x) / x) tmp = 0.0 if (t_0 <= 1.000005) tmp = fma(Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666), x, Float64(-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0))); else tmp = log(t_0); end return tmp end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1.000005], N[(N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision] * x + N[(-0.005555555555555556 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\sinh x}{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq 1.000005:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666, x, -0.005555555555555556 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log t_0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (sinh.f64 x) x) < 1.00000500000000003Initial program 56.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt99.6%
sqrt-unprod78.6%
*-commutative78.6%
*-commutative78.6%
swap-sqr78.6%
pow-prod-up78.7%
metadata-eval78.7%
metadata-eval78.7%
Applied egg-rr78.7%
*-commutative78.7%
sqrt-prod78.7%
metadata-eval78.7%
sqrt-pow199.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
unpow299.7%
associate-*r*99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
fma-def99.8%
Applied egg-rr99.8%
if 1.00000500000000003 < (/.f64 (sinh.f64 x) x) Initial program 57.1%
Final simplification97.4%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (/ (sinh x) x)))
(if (<= t_0 1.000005)
(+ (* -0.005555555555555556 (pow x 4.0)) (* x (* x 0.16666666666666666)))
(log t_0))))x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = sinh(x) / x;
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 1.000005) {
tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
} else {
tmp = log(t_0);
}
return tmp;
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = sinh(x) / x
if (t_0 <= 1.000005d0) then
tmp = ((-0.005555555555555556d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0))
else
tmp = log(t_0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.sinh(x) / x;
double tmp;
if (t_0 <= 1.000005) {
tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
} else {
tmp = Math.log(t_0);
}
return tmp;
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): t_0 = math.sinh(x) / x tmp = 0 if t_0 <= 1.000005: tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)) else: tmp = math.log(t_0) return tmp
x = abs(x) function code(x) t_0 = Float64(sinh(x) / x) tmp = 0.0 if (t_0 <= 1.000005) tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666))); else tmp = log(t_0); end return tmp end
x = abs(x) function tmp_2 = code(x) t_0 = sinh(x) / x; tmp = 0.0; if (t_0 <= 1.000005) tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)); else tmp = log(t_0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1.000005], N[(N[(-0.005555555555555556 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\sinh x}{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq 1.000005:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.005555555555555556 \cdot {x}^{4} + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log t_0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (sinh.f64 x) x) < 1.00000500000000003Initial program 56.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt99.6%
sqrt-unprod78.6%
*-commutative78.6%
*-commutative78.6%
swap-sqr78.6%
pow-prod-up78.7%
metadata-eval78.7%
metadata-eval78.7%
Applied egg-rr78.7%
*-commutative78.7%
sqrt-prod78.7%
metadata-eval78.7%
sqrt-pow199.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
unpow299.7%
associate-*r*99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
if 1.00000500000000003 < (/.f64 (sinh.f64 x) x) Initial program 57.1%
Final simplification97.4%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (* -0.005555555555555556 (pow x 4.0)) (* x (* x 0.16666666666666666))))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return (-0.005555555555555556 * pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((-0.005555555555555556d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0))
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return (-0.005555555555555556 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return (-0.005555555555555556 * math.pow(x, 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666))
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(Float64(-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)) + Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666))) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = (-0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[(-0.005555555555555556 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
-0.005555555555555556 \cdot {x}^{4} + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 56.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.9%
add-sqr-sqrt94.9%
sqrt-unprod75.0%
*-commutative75.0%
*-commutative75.0%
swap-sqr75.0%
pow-prod-up75.1%
metadata-eval75.1%
metadata-eval75.1%
Applied egg-rr75.1%
*-commutative75.1%
sqrt-prod75.1%
metadata-eval75.1%
sqrt-pow194.9%
metadata-eval94.9%
unpow294.9%
associate-*r*95.0%
Applied egg-rr95.0%
Final simplification95.0%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (pow x 2.0) 0.16666666666666666))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return pow(x, 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666;
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x ** 2.0d0) * 0.16666666666666666d0
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666;
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return math.pow(x, 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64((x ^ 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x ^ 2.0) * 0.16666666666666666; end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
{x}^{2} \cdot 0.16666666666666666
\end{array}
Initial program 56.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 95.0%
Final simplification95.0%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 0.0)
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return 0.0;
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.0d0
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.0;
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return 0.0
x = abs(x) function code(x) return 0.0 end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.0; end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := 0.0
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
0
\end{array}
Initial program 56.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 52.5%
Final simplification52.5%
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(if (< (fabs x) 0.085)
(*
(* x x)
(fma
(fma
(fma -2.6455026455026456e-5 (* x x) 0.0003527336860670194)
(* x x)
-0.005555555555555556)
(* x x)
0.16666666666666666))
(log (/ (sinh x) x))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (fabs(x) < 0.085) {
tmp = (x * x) * fma(fma(fma(-2.6455026455026456e-5, (x * x), 0.0003527336860670194), (x * x), -0.005555555555555556), (x * x), 0.16666666666666666);
} else {
tmp = log((sinh(x) / x));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (abs(x) < 0.085) tmp = Float64(Float64(x * x) * fma(fma(fma(-2.6455026455026456e-5, Float64(x * x), 0.0003527336860670194), Float64(x * x), -0.005555555555555556), Float64(x * x), 0.16666666666666666)); else tmp = log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[Less[N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision], 0.085], N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(-2.6455026455026456e-5 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.0003527336860670194), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + -0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left|x\right| < 0.085:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.6455026455026456 \cdot 10^{-5}, x \cdot x, 0.0003527336860670194\right), x \cdot x, -0.005555555555555556\right), x \cdot x, 0.16666666666666666\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023306
(FPCore (x)
:name "bug500, discussion (missed optimization)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (< (fabs x) 0.085) (* (* x x) (fma (fma (fma -2.6455026455026456e-5 (* x x) 0.0003527336860670194) (* x x) -0.005555555555555556) (* x x) 0.16666666666666666)) (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
(log (/ (sinh x) x)))