
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
(t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
(t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) PI)))
(+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
float t_0 = ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
float t_2 = (uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI);
return (((cosf(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sinf(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux) t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0))) t_2 = Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi)) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + Float32(Float32(sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + Float32(t_0 * zi)) end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = ((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux; t_1 = sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0))); t_2 = (uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi); tmp = (((cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t_0 \cdot t_0}\\
t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\
\left(\left(\cos t_2 \cdot t_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t_2 \cdot t_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t_0 \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
(t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
(t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) PI)))
(+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
float t_0 = ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
float t_2 = (uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI);
return (((cosf(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sinf(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux) t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0))) t_2 = Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi)) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + Float32(Float32(sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + Float32(t_0 * zi)) end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = ((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux; t_1 = sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0))); t_2 = (uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi); tmp = (((cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t_0 \cdot t_0}\\
t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\
\left(\left(\cos t_2 \cdot t_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t_2 \cdot t_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t_0 \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* ux (* maxCos (+ ux -1.0))))
(t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
(t_2 (sqrt (* 2.0 PI))))
(+
(+
(* (* (cos (* PI (* uy 2.0))) t_1) xi)
(* (* t_1 (sin (* t_2 (* uy t_2)))) yi))
(* (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos)) zi))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
float t_0 = ux * (maxCos * (ux + -1.0f));
float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
float t_2 = sqrtf((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)));
return (((cosf((((float) M_PI) * (uy * 2.0f))) * t_1) * xi) + ((t_1 * sinf((t_2 * (uy * t_2)))) * yi)) + ((ux * ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos)) * zi);
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = Float32(ux * Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux + Float32(-1.0)))) t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0))) t_2 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi))) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)))) * t_1) * xi) + Float32(Float32(t_1 * sin(Float32(t_2 * Float32(uy * t_2)))) * yi)) + Float32(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos)) * zi)) end
function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = ux * (maxCos * (ux + single(-1.0))); t_1 = sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0))); t_2 = sqrt((single(2.0) * single(pi))); tmp = (((cos((single(pi) * (uy * single(2.0)))) * t_1) * xi) + ((t_1 * sin((t_2 * (uy * t_2)))) * yi)) + ((ux * ((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos)) * zi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t_0 \cdot t_0}\\
t_2 := \sqrt{2 \cdot \pi}\\
\left(\left(\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot t_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(t_1 \cdot \sin \left(t_2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot t_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
expm1-log1p-u98.9%
associate-*r*98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
expm1-log1p98.9%
add-sqr-sqrt98.9%
associate-*r*99.0%
*-commutative99.0%
*-commutative99.0%
Applied egg-rr99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* ux (* maxCos (+ ux -1.0)))) (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0)))))
(+
(* (* ux (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos)) zi)
(+
(* (* (cos (* PI (* uy 2.0))) t_1) xi)
(* yi (* t_1 (sin (cbrt (* (pow (* uy 2.0) 3.0) (pow PI 3.0))))))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
float t_0 = ux * (maxCos * (ux + -1.0f));
float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
return ((ux * ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos)) * zi) + (((cosf((((float) M_PI) * (uy * 2.0f))) * t_1) * xi) + (yi * (t_1 * sinf(cbrtf((powf((uy * 2.0f), 3.0f) * powf(((float) M_PI), 3.0f)))))));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = Float32(ux * Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux + Float32(-1.0)))) t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0))) return Float32(Float32(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos)) * zi) + Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)))) * t_1) * xi) + Float32(yi * Float32(t_1 * sin(cbrt(Float32((Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) ^ Float32(3.0)) * (Float32(pi) ^ Float32(3.0))))))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t_0 \cdot t_0}\\
\left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right) \cdot zi + \left(\left(\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot t_1\right) \cdot xi + yi \cdot \left(t_1 \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt[3]{{\left(uy \cdot 2\right)}^{3} \cdot {\pi}^{3}}\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
add-cbrt-cube98.9%
add-cbrt-cube98.9%
cbrt-unprod99.0%
*-commutative99.0%
pow199.0%
pow199.0%
pow-sqr99.0%
metadata-eval99.0%
*-commutative99.0%
pow199.0%
pow199.0%
pow-sqr99.0%
metadata-eval99.0%
Applied egg-rr99.0%
unpow299.0%
cube-unmult99.0%
*-commutative99.0%
unpow299.0%
cube-mult99.0%
Simplified99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (* ux maxCos) (+ ux -1.0)))
(t_1 (* uy (* 2.0 PI)))
(t_2 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0)))))
(+
(fma (* (cos t_1) t_2) xi (* (sin t_1) (* yi t_2)))
(* zi (* (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
float t_0 = (ux * maxCos) * (ux + -1.0f);
float t_1 = uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI));
float t_2 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
return fmaf((cosf(t_1) * t_2), xi, (sinf(t_1) * (yi * t_2))) + (zi * ((1.0f - ux) * (ux * maxCos)));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = Float32(Float32(ux * maxCos) * Float32(ux + Float32(-1.0))) t_1 = Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi))) t_2 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0))) return Float32(fma(Float32(cos(t_1) * t_2), xi, Float32(sin(t_1) * Float32(yi * t_2))) + Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(ux * maxCos)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\\
t_1 := uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\
t_2 := \sqrt{1 - t_0 \cdot t_0}\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos t_1 \cdot t_2, xi, \sin t_1 \cdot \left(yi \cdot t_2\right)\right) + zi \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (* ux maxCos) (+ ux -1.0))))
(+
(* zi (* (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)))
(fma
(* (cos (* uy (* 2.0 PI))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
xi
(* yi (sin (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
float t_0 = (ux * maxCos) * (ux + -1.0f);
return (zi * ((1.0f - ux) * (ux * maxCos))) + fmaf((cosf((uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI)))) * sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)))), xi, (yi * sinf((2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI))))));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = Float32(Float32(ux * maxCos) * Float32(ux + Float32(-1.0))) return Float32(Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(ux * maxCos))) + fma(Float32(cos(Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0)))), xi, Float32(yi * sin(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi))))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\\
zi \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - t_0 \cdot t_0}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in ux around 0 98.7%
Final simplification98.7%
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* uy (* 2.0 PI))))
(fma
(* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos)
(* ux zi)
(*
(sqrt
(+ 1.0 (* maxCos (* (- 1.0 ux) (* (* ux ux) (* maxCos (+ ux -1.0)))))))
(+ (* xi (cos t_0)) (* yi (sin t_0)))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
float t_0 = uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI));
return fmaf(((1.0f - ux) * maxCos), (ux * zi), (sqrtf((1.0f + (maxCos * ((1.0f - ux) * ((ux * ux) * (maxCos * (ux + -1.0f))))))) * ((xi * cosf(t_0)) + (yi * sinf(t_0)))));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) t_0 = Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi))) return fma(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos), Float32(ux * zi), Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(maxCos * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(Float32(ux * ux) * Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux + Float32(-1.0)))))))) * Float32(Float32(xi * cos(t_0)) + Float32(yi * sin(t_0))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 + maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(xi \cdot \cos t_0 + yi \cdot \sin t_0\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (fma (cos (* uy (* 2.0 PI))) (* xi (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* ux ux) (* maxCos maxCos))))) (+ (* yi (sin (* 2.0 (* uy PI)))) (* maxCos (* ux zi)))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
return fmaf(cosf((uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI)))), (xi * sqrtf((1.0f - ((ux * ux) * (maxCos * maxCos))))), ((yi * sinf((2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI))))) + (maxCos * (ux * zi))));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) return fma(cos(Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))), Float32(xi * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(Float32(ux * ux) * Float32(maxCos * maxCos))))), Float32(Float32(yi * sin(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi))))) + Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * zi)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
associate-+l+98.9%
associate-*l*98.9%
fma-def98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in ux around 0 95.5%
Taylor expanded in ux around 0 95.5%
Final simplification95.5%
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(fma
(* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos)
(* ux zi)
(*
(sqrt
(+ 1.0 (* maxCos (* (- 1.0 ux) (* (* ux ux) (* maxCos (+ ux -1.0)))))))
(+ (* xi (cos (* uy (* 2.0 PI)))) (* 2.0 (* uy (* PI yi)))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
return fmaf(((1.0f - ux) * maxCos), (ux * zi), (sqrtf((1.0f + (maxCos * ((1.0f - ux) * ((ux * ux) * (maxCos * (ux + -1.0f))))))) * ((xi * cosf((uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI))))) + (2.0f * (uy * (((float) M_PI) * yi))))));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) return fma(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos), Float32(ux * zi), Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(maxCos * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(Float32(ux * ux) * Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux + Float32(-1.0)))))))) * Float32(Float32(xi * cos(Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi))))) + Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(pi) * yi)))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 + maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in uy around 0 91.4%
*-commutative91.4%
Simplified91.4%
Final simplification91.4%
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
:precision binary32
(fma
(* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos)
(* ux zi)
(*
(sqrt
(+ 1.0 (* maxCos (* (- 1.0 ux) (* (* ux ux) (* maxCos (+ ux -1.0)))))))
(+ (* xi (cos (* uy (* 2.0 PI)))) (* 2.0 (* PI (* uy yi)))))))
float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
return fmaf(((1.0f - ux) * maxCos), (ux * zi), (sqrtf((1.0f + (maxCos * ((1.0f - ux) * ((ux * ux) * (maxCos * (ux + -1.0f))))))) * ((xi * cosf((uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI))))) + (2.0f * (((float) M_PI) * (uy * yi))))));
}
function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos) return fma(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos), Float32(ux * zi), Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(maxCos * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(Float32(ux * ux) * Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux + Float32(-1.0)))))))) * Float32(Float32(xi * cos(Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi))))) + Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(uy * yi)))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \sqrt{1 + maxCos \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) + 2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy \cdot yi\right)\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in uy around 0 91.4%
*-commutative91.4%
Simplified91.4%
add-cube-cbrt91.2%
pow391.2%
Applied egg-rr91.2%
Taylor expanded in uy around 0 91.4%
associate-*r*91.5%
*-commutative91.5%
*-commutative91.5%
*-commutative91.5%
Simplified91.5%
Final simplification91.5%
herbie shell --seed 2023301
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
:name "UniformSampleCone 2"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (and (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 xi) (<= xi 10000.0)) (and (<= -10000.0 yi) (<= yi 10000.0))) (and (<= -10000.0 zi) (<= zi 10000.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 ux) (<= ux 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 uy) (<= uy 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 maxCos) (<= maxCos 1.0)))
(+ (+ (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) xi) (* (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) yi)) (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))