
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt (- 1.0 x))))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt((1.0 - x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) - sqrt((1.0d0 - x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - Math.sqrt((1.0 - x));
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - math.sqrt((1.0 - x))
function code(x) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) - sqrt(Float64(1.0 - x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt((1.0 - x)); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt (- 1.0 x))))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt((1.0 - x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) - sqrt((1.0d0 - x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - Math.sqrt((1.0 - x));
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - math.sqrt((1.0 - x))
function code(x) return Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) - sqrt(Float64(1.0 - x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt((1.0 - x)); end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x x) (+ (sqrt (+ x 1.0)) (sqrt (- 1.0 x)))))
double code(double x) {
return (x + x) / (sqrt((x + 1.0)) + sqrt((1.0 - x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x + x) / (sqrt((x + 1.0d0)) + sqrt((1.0d0 - x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x + x) / (Math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) + Math.sqrt((1.0 - x)));
}
def code(x): return (x + x) / (math.sqrt((x + 1.0)) + math.sqrt((1.0 - x)))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x + x) / Float64(sqrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) + sqrt(Float64(1.0 - x)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x + x) / (sqrt((x + 1.0)) + sqrt((1.0 - x))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x + x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x + x}{\sqrt{x + 1} + \sqrt{1 - x}}
\end{array}
Initial program 8.6%
flip--8.6%
div-inv8.6%
add-sqr-sqrt8.6%
add-sqr-sqrt8.6%
associate--r-21.3%
add-exp-log21.3%
log1p-udef21.3%
expm1-udef100.0%
expm1-log1p-u100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
associate-*r/100.0%
*-rgt-identity100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (* x 0.5) (+ 2.0 (* x (* x 0.25)))))
double code(double x) {
return (x * 0.5) * (2.0 + (x * (x * 0.25)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x * 0.5d0) * (2.0d0 + (x * (x * 0.25d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x * 0.5) * (2.0 + (x * (x * 0.25)));
}
def code(x): return (x * 0.5) * (2.0 + (x * (x * 0.25)))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x * 0.5) * Float64(2.0 + Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.25)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x * 0.5) * (2.0 + (x * (x * 0.25))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(2.0 + N[(x * N[(x * 0.25), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(x \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(2 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.25\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 8.6%
flip--8.6%
div-inv8.6%
add-sqr-sqrt8.6%
add-sqr-sqrt8.6%
associate--r-21.3%
add-exp-log21.3%
log1p-udef21.3%
expm1-udef100.0%
expm1-log1p-u100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
associate-*r/100.0%
*-rgt-identity100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.9%
Simplified99.9%
flip-+99.9%
associate-/r/99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
swap-sqr99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
pow299.9%
pow299.9%
pow-prod-up99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
*-commutative99.9%
cancel-sign-sub-inv99.9%
metadata-eval99.9%
Applied egg-rr99.9%
associate-*r*99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.8%
*-commutative99.8%
Simplified99.8%
Final simplification99.8%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x x) (+ 2.0 (* (* x x) -0.25))))
double code(double x) {
return (x + x) / (2.0 + ((x * x) * -0.25));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x + x) / (2.0d0 + ((x * x) * (-0.25d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x + x) / (2.0 + ((x * x) * -0.25));
}
def code(x): return (x + x) / (2.0 + ((x * x) * -0.25))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x + x) / Float64(2.0 + Float64(Float64(x * x) * -0.25))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x + x) / (2.0 + ((x * x) * -0.25)); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x + x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 + N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * -0.25), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x + x}{2 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot -0.25}
\end{array}
Initial program 8.6%
flip--8.6%
div-inv8.6%
add-sqr-sqrt8.6%
add-sqr-sqrt8.6%
associate--r-21.3%
add-exp-log21.3%
log1p-udef21.3%
expm1-udef100.0%
expm1-log1p-u100.0%
Applied egg-rr100.0%
associate-*r/100.0%
*-rgt-identity100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Final simplification99.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 x)
double code(double x) {
return x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x;
}
def code(x): return x
function code(x) return x end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x; end
code[x_] := x
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x
\end{array}
Initial program 8.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.2%
Final simplification99.2%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (* 2.0 x) (+ (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt (- 1.0 x)))))
double code(double x) {
return (2.0 * x) / (sqrt((1.0 + x)) + sqrt((1.0 - x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (2.0d0 * x) / (sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) + sqrt((1.0d0 - x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (2.0 * x) / (Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) + Math.sqrt((1.0 - x)));
}
def code(x): return (2.0 * x) / (math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) + math.sqrt((1.0 - x)))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(2.0 * x) / Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) + sqrt(Float64(1.0 - x)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (2.0 * x) / (sqrt((1.0 + x)) + sqrt((1.0 - x))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{2 \cdot x}{\sqrt{1 + x} + \sqrt{1 - x}}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023293
(FPCore (x)
:name "bug333 (missed optimization)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (<= -1.0 x) (<= x 1.0))
:herbie-target
(/ (* 2.0 x) (+ (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt (- 1.0 x))))
(- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt (- 1.0 x))))