
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((sinh(x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((sinh(x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((Math.sinh(x) / x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((math.sinh(x) / x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((sinh(x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 5 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
double code(double x) {
return log((sinh(x) / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = log((sinh(x) / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.log((Math.sinh(x) / x));
}
def code(x): return math.log((math.sinh(x) / x))
function code(x) return log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((sinh(x) / x)); end
code[x_] := N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(-
(* (* x x) (- -0.16666666666666666))
(+
(* -0.0003527336860670194 (pow x 6.0))
(+
(* 2.6455026455026456e-5 (pow x 8.0))
(* 0.005555555555555556 (pow x 4.0))))))
double code(double x) {
return ((x * x) * -(-0.16666666666666666)) - ((-0.0003527336860670194 * pow(x, 6.0)) + ((2.6455026455026456e-5 * pow(x, 8.0)) + (0.005555555555555556 * pow(x, 4.0))));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((x * x) * -(-0.16666666666666666d0)) - (((-0.0003527336860670194d0) * (x ** 6.0d0)) + ((2.6455026455026456d-5 * (x ** 8.0d0)) + (0.005555555555555556d0 * (x ** 4.0d0))))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return ((x * x) * -(-0.16666666666666666)) - ((-0.0003527336860670194 * Math.pow(x, 6.0)) + ((2.6455026455026456e-5 * Math.pow(x, 8.0)) + (0.005555555555555556 * Math.pow(x, 4.0))));
}
def code(x): return ((x * x) * -(-0.16666666666666666)) - ((-0.0003527336860670194 * math.pow(x, 6.0)) + ((2.6455026455026456e-5 * math.pow(x, 8.0)) + (0.005555555555555556 * math.pow(x, 4.0))))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) * Float64(-(-0.16666666666666666))) - Float64(Float64(-0.0003527336860670194 * (x ^ 6.0)) + Float64(Float64(2.6455026455026456e-5 * (x ^ 8.0)) + Float64(0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = ((x * x) * -(-0.16666666666666666)) - ((-0.0003527336860670194 * (x ^ 6.0)) + ((2.6455026455026456e-5 * (x ^ 8.0)) + (0.005555555555555556 * (x ^ 4.0)))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * (--0.16666666666666666)), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(-0.0003527336860670194 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(2.6455026455026456e-5 * N[Power[x, 8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(--0.16666666666666666\right) - \left(-0.0003527336860670194 \cdot {x}^{6} + \left(2.6455026455026456 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot {x}^{8} + 0.005555555555555556 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 50.0%
clear-num50.0%
log-rec50.1%
Applied egg-rr50.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.5%
pow297.5%
*-commutative97.5%
associate-*r*97.5%
add-sqr-sqrt44.5%
sqrt-unprod48.6%
associate-*r*48.6%
*-commutative48.6%
associate-*r*48.6%
*-commutative48.6%
swap-sqr48.6%
metadata-eval48.6%
metadata-eval48.6%
swap-sqr48.6%
sqrt-unprod48.2%
add-sqr-sqrt48.2%
expm1-log1p-u48.2%
expm1-udef48.8%
Applied egg-rr49.5%
+-commutative49.5%
associate--l+97.5%
metadata-eval97.5%
Simplified97.5%
Final simplification97.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (* (pow x 4.0) -0.005555555555555556) (+ (* (pow x 8.0) -2.6455026455026456e-5) (+ (* (pow x 6.0) 0.0003527336860670194) (* (* x x) 0.16666666666666666)))))
double code(double x) {
return (pow(x, 4.0) * -0.005555555555555556) + ((pow(x, 8.0) * -2.6455026455026456e-5) + ((pow(x, 6.0) * 0.0003527336860670194) + ((x * x) * 0.16666666666666666)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((x ** 4.0d0) * (-0.005555555555555556d0)) + (((x ** 8.0d0) * (-2.6455026455026456d-5)) + (((x ** 6.0d0) * 0.0003527336860670194d0) + ((x * x) * 0.16666666666666666d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (Math.pow(x, 4.0) * -0.005555555555555556) + ((Math.pow(x, 8.0) * -2.6455026455026456e-5) + ((Math.pow(x, 6.0) * 0.0003527336860670194) + ((x * x) * 0.16666666666666666)));
}
def code(x): return (math.pow(x, 4.0) * -0.005555555555555556) + ((math.pow(x, 8.0) * -2.6455026455026456e-5) + ((math.pow(x, 6.0) * 0.0003527336860670194) + ((x * x) * 0.16666666666666666)))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64((x ^ 4.0) * -0.005555555555555556) + Float64(Float64((x ^ 8.0) * -2.6455026455026456e-5) + Float64(Float64((x ^ 6.0) * 0.0003527336860670194) + Float64(Float64(x * x) * 0.16666666666666666)))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = ((x ^ 4.0) * -0.005555555555555556) + (((x ^ 8.0) * -2.6455026455026456e-5) + (((x ^ 6.0) * 0.0003527336860670194) + ((x * x) * 0.16666666666666666))); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * -0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Power[x, 8.0], $MachinePrecision] * -2.6455026455026456e-5), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision] * 0.0003527336860670194), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{x}^{4} \cdot -0.005555555555555556 + \left({x}^{8} \cdot -2.6455026455026456 \cdot 10^{-5} + \left({x}^{6} \cdot 0.0003527336860670194 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 50.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.5%
pow297.5%
add-cbrt-cube64.7%
pow1/363.6%
pow363.6%
*-commutative63.6%
unpow-prod-down63.6%
pow-prod-down63.6%
pow-prod-up63.6%
metadata-eval63.6%
metadata-eval63.6%
Applied egg-rr63.6%
unpow1/364.7%
Simplified64.7%
cbrt-prod64.8%
metadata-eval64.8%
metadata-eval64.8%
add-cbrt-cube64.8%
metadata-eval64.8%
pow-prod-up64.7%
pow-prod-down64.7%
pow364.7%
add-cbrt-cube97.5%
Applied egg-rr97.5%
Final simplification97.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x (sqrt (* (* x x) 0.027777777777777776))))
double code(double x) {
return x * sqrt(((x * x) * 0.027777777777777776));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x * sqrt(((x * x) * 0.027777777777777776d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x * Math.sqrt(((x * x) * 0.027777777777777776));
}
def code(x): return x * math.sqrt(((x * x) * 0.027777777777777776))
function code(x) return Float64(x * sqrt(Float64(Float64(x * x) * 0.027777777777777776))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x * sqrt(((x * x) * 0.027777777777777776)); end
code[x_] := N[(x * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * 0.027777777777777776), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \sqrt{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot 0.027777777777777776}
\end{array}
Initial program 50.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 49.8%
*-commutative49.8%
fma-def49.8%
unpow249.8%
Simplified49.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.2%
unpow297.2%
*-commutative97.2%
associate-*l*97.3%
Simplified97.3%
add-sqr-sqrt45.4%
sqrt-unprod73.5%
swap-sqr73.6%
metadata-eval73.6%
Applied egg-rr73.6%
Final simplification73.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (* x x) 0.16666666666666666))
double code(double x) {
return (x * x) * 0.16666666666666666;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x * x) * 0.16666666666666666d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x * x) * 0.16666666666666666;
}
def code(x): return (x * x) * 0.16666666666666666
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x * x) * 0.16666666666666666) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x * x) * 0.16666666666666666; end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot 0.16666666666666666
\end{array}
Initial program 50.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.2%
unpow297.2%
Simplified97.2%
Final simplification97.2%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x (* x 0.16666666666666666)))
double code(double x) {
return x * (x * 0.16666666666666666);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return x * (x * 0.16666666666666666);
}
def code(x): return x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)
function code(x) return Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = x * (x * 0.16666666666666666); end
code[x_] := N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 50.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 49.8%
*-commutative49.8%
fma-def49.8%
unpow249.8%
Simplified49.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.2%
unpow297.2%
*-commutative97.2%
associate-*l*97.3%
Simplified97.3%
Final simplification97.3%
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(if (< (fabs x) 0.085)
(*
(* x x)
(fma
(fma
(fma -2.6455026455026456e-5 (* x x) 0.0003527336860670194)
(* x x)
-0.005555555555555556)
(* x x)
0.16666666666666666))
(log (/ (sinh x) x))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (fabs(x) < 0.085) {
tmp = (x * x) * fma(fma(fma(-2.6455026455026456e-5, (x * x), 0.0003527336860670194), (x * x), -0.005555555555555556), (x * x), 0.16666666666666666);
} else {
tmp = log((sinh(x) / x));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (abs(x) < 0.085) tmp = Float64(Float64(x * x) * fma(fma(fma(-2.6455026455026456e-5, Float64(x * x), 0.0003527336860670194), Float64(x * x), -0.005555555555555556), Float64(x * x), 0.16666666666666666)); else tmp = log(Float64(sinh(x) / x)); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[Less[N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision], 0.085], N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(-2.6455026455026456e-5 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.0003527336860670194), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + -0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[N[(N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left|x\right| < 0.085:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.6455026455026456 \cdot 10^{-5}, x \cdot x, 0.0003527336860670194\right), x \cdot x, -0.005555555555555556\right), x \cdot x, 0.16666666666666666\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023293
(FPCore (x)
:name "bug500, discussion (missed optimization)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (< (fabs x) 0.085) (* (* x x) (fma (fma (fma -2.6455026455026456e-5 (* x x) 0.0003527336860670194) (* x x) -0.005555555555555556) (* x x) 0.16666666666666666)) (log (/ (sinh x) x)))
(log (/ (sinh x) x)))