VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (6)

Percentage Accurate: 76.6% → 99.4%
Time: 13.1s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* PI l) (* (/ 1.0 (* F F)) (tan (* PI l)))))
double code(double F, double l) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((((double) M_PI) * l)));
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	return (Math.PI * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * Math.tan((Math.PI * l)));
}
def code(F, l):
	return (math.pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * math.tan((math.pi * l)))
function code(F, l)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * l) - Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(F * F)) * tan(Float64(pi * l))))
end
function tmp = code(F, l)
	tmp = (pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((pi * l)));
end
code[F_, l_] := N[(N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(1.0 / N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 76.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* PI l) (* (/ 1.0 (* F F)) (tan (* PI l)))))
double code(double F, double l) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((((double) M_PI) * l)));
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	return (Math.PI * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * Math.tan((Math.PI * l)));
}
def code(F, l):
	return (math.pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * math.tan((math.pi * l)))
function code(F, l)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * l) - Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(F * F)) * tan(Float64(pi * l))))
end
function tmp = code(F, l)
	tmp = (pi * l) - ((1.0 / (F * F)) * tan((pi * l)));
end
code[F_, l_] := N[(N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(1.0 / N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+16} \lor \neg \left(\pi \cdot \ell \leq 1000000000000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= (* PI l) -2e+16) (not (<= (* PI l) 1000000000000.0)))
   (* PI l)
   (- (* PI l) (/ (/ (tan (* PI l)) F) F))))
double code(double F, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if (((((double) M_PI) * l) <= -2e+16) || !((((double) M_PI) * l) <= 1000000000000.0)) {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * l;
	} else {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l) - ((tan((((double) M_PI) * l)) / F) / F);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if (((Math.PI * l) <= -2e+16) || !((Math.PI * l) <= 1000000000000.0)) {
		tmp = Math.PI * l;
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l) - ((Math.tan((Math.PI * l)) / F) / F);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(F, l):
	tmp = 0
	if ((math.pi * l) <= -2e+16) or not ((math.pi * l) <= 1000000000000.0):
		tmp = math.pi * l
	else:
		tmp = (math.pi * l) - ((math.tan((math.pi * l)) / F) / F)
	return tmp
function code(F, l)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((Float64(pi * l) <= -2e+16) || !(Float64(pi * l) <= 1000000000000.0))
		tmp = Float64(pi * l);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l) - Float64(Float64(tan(Float64(pi * l)) / F) / F));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(F, l)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((pi * l) <= -2e+16) || ~(((pi * l) <= 1000000000000.0)))
		tmp = pi * l;
	else
		tmp = (pi * l) - ((tan((pi * l)) / F) / F);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[F_, l_] := If[Or[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision], -2e+16], N[Not[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision], 1000000000000.0]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[Tan[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+16} \lor \neg \left(\pi \cdot \ell \leq 1000000000000\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < -2e16 or 1e12 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

    1. Initial program 64.7%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg64.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/64.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. *-lft-identity64.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \]
      4. sqr-neg64.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
    3. Simplified64.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 45.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{{F}^{2}}\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow245.4%

        \[\leadsto \ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}}\right) \]
    6. Simplified45.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{F \cdot F}\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in F around inf 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]

    if -2e16 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 1e12

    1. Initial program 91.3%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/91.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
      2. *-un-lft-identity91.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F} \]
      3. associate-/r*99.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr99.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification99.3%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+16} \lor \neg \left(\pi \cdot \ell \leq 1000000000000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 2: 97.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq -500000000000 \lor \neg \left(\pi \cdot \ell \leq 10^{-26}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \left(\ell - \frac{\frac{\ell}{F}}{F}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= (* PI l) -500000000000.0) (not (<= (* PI l) 1e-26)))
   (* PI l)
   (* PI (- l (/ (/ l F) F)))))
double code(double F, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if (((((double) M_PI) * l) <= -500000000000.0) || !((((double) M_PI) * l) <= 1e-26)) {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * l;
	} else {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * (l - ((l / F) / F));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if (((Math.PI * l) <= -500000000000.0) || !((Math.PI * l) <= 1e-26)) {
		tmp = Math.PI * l;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.PI * (l - ((l / F) / F));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(F, l):
	tmp = 0
	if ((math.pi * l) <= -500000000000.0) or not ((math.pi * l) <= 1e-26):
		tmp = math.pi * l
	else:
		tmp = math.pi * (l - ((l / F) / F))
	return tmp
function code(F, l)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((Float64(pi * l) <= -500000000000.0) || !(Float64(pi * l) <= 1e-26))
		tmp = Float64(pi * l);
	else
		tmp = Float64(pi * Float64(l - Float64(Float64(l / F) / F)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(F, l)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((pi * l) <= -500000000000.0) || ~(((pi * l) <= 1e-26)))
		tmp = pi * l;
	else
		tmp = pi * (l - ((l / F) / F));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[F_, l_] := If[Or[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision], -500000000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision], 1e-26]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision], N[(Pi * N[(l - N[(N[(l / F), $MachinePrecision] / F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq -500000000000 \lor \neg \left(\pi \cdot \ell \leq 10^{-26}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \left(\ell - \frac{\frac{\ell}{F}}{F}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < -5e11 or 1e-26 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l)

    1. Initial program 66.1%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg66.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/66.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. *-lft-identity66.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \]
      4. sqr-neg66.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
    3. Simplified66.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 45.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{{F}^{2}}\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow245.3%

        \[\leadsto \ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}}\right) \]
    6. Simplified45.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{F \cdot F}\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in F around inf 96.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]

    if -5e11 < (*.f64 (PI.f64) l) < 1e-26

    1. Initial program 91.3%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Taylor expanded in l around 0 90.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\ell \cdot \pi}{{F}^{2}}} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*90.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{F}^{2}}{\pi}}} \]
      2. associate-/r/90.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{{F}^{2}} \cdot \pi} \]
      3. unpow290.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\ell}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \cdot \pi \]
    4. Simplified90.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{F \cdot F} \cdot \pi} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative90.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \frac{\ell}{F \cdot F}} \]
      2. distribute-lft-out--90.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(\ell - \frac{\ell}{F \cdot F}\right)} \]
      3. associate-/r*99.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \left(\ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{F}}{F}}\right) \]
    6. Applied egg-rr99.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(\ell - \frac{\frac{\ell}{F}}{F}\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification97.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\pi \cdot \ell \leq -500000000000 \lor \neg \left(\pi \cdot \ell \leq 10^{-26}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \left(\ell - \frac{\frac{\ell}{F}}{F}\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3: 74.6% accurate, 2.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;F \cdot F \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-155}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell + -1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;F \cdot F \leq 10^{-98}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-\ell}{\frac{F \cdot F}{\pi}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (* F F) 5e-155)
   (+ (* PI l) -1.0)
   (if (<= (* F F) 1e-98) (/ (- l) (/ (* F F) PI)) (* PI l))))
double code(double F, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if ((F * F) <= 5e-155) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l) + -1.0;
	} else if ((F * F) <= 1e-98) {
		tmp = -l / ((F * F) / ((double) M_PI));
	} else {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * l;
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if ((F * F) <= 5e-155) {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l) + -1.0;
	} else if ((F * F) <= 1e-98) {
		tmp = -l / ((F * F) / Math.PI);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.PI * l;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(F, l):
	tmp = 0
	if (F * F) <= 5e-155:
		tmp = (math.pi * l) + -1.0
	elif (F * F) <= 1e-98:
		tmp = -l / ((F * F) / math.pi)
	else:
		tmp = math.pi * l
	return tmp
function code(F, l)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(F * F) <= 5e-155)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l) + -1.0);
	elseif (Float64(F * F) <= 1e-98)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-l) / Float64(Float64(F * F) / pi));
	else
		tmp = Float64(pi * l);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(F, l)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((F * F) <= 5e-155)
		tmp = (pi * l) + -1.0;
	elseif ((F * F) <= 1e-98)
		tmp = -l / ((F * F) / pi);
	else
		tmp = pi * l;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[F_, l_] := If[LessEqual[N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision], 5e-155], N[(N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision], 1e-98], N[((-l) / N[(N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision] / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;F \cdot F \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-155}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell + -1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;F \cdot F \leq 10^{-98}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-\ell}{\frac{F \cdot F}{\pi}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 F F) < 4.9999999999999999e-155

    1. Initial program 43.5%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r/43.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F \cdot F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
      2. inv-pow43.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{F \cdot F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}\right)}^{-1}} \]
      3. pow-to-exp21.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{F \cdot F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}\right) \cdot -1}} \]
      4. associate-/l*26.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}\right)} \cdot -1} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr26.3%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}\right) \cdot -1}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. exp-to-pow54.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}\right)}^{-1}} \]
      2. unpow-154.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}}} \]
      3. clear-num54.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
      4. associate-/l/43.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
      5. add-sqr-sqrt21.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{F \cdot F} \]
      6. frac-times26.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}} \]
      7. div-inv26.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{F}\right)} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F} \]
      8. associate-*l*23.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}\right)} \]
      9. add-sqr-sqrt9.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}}\right)}\right) \]
      10. sqrt-unprod11.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}}}\right) \]
      11. frac-times10.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F}}}\right) \]
      12. add-sqr-sqrt10.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F}}\right) \]
      13. associate-/l/11.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}}}\right) \]
      14. clear-num11.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}}}}\right) \]
    5. Applied egg-rr23.6%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative23.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}} \]
      2. associate-*l/23.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{F}} \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \]
      3. *-lft-identity23.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \]
      4. associate-/r/23.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{\frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}} \]
      5. *-inverses54.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{1} \]
    7. Simplified54.0%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{1} \]

    if 4.9999999999999999e-155 < (*.f64 F F) < 9.99999999999999939e-99

    1. Initial program 85.6%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg85.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/85.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. *-lft-identity85.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \]
      4. sqr-neg85.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
    3. Simplified85.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 76.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{{F}^{2}}\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow276.6%

        \[\leadsto \ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}}\right) \]
    6. Simplified76.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{F \cdot F}\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in F around 0 76.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \pi}{{F}^{2}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg76.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\ell \cdot \pi}{{F}^{2}}} \]
      2. associate-/l*76.6%

        \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{F}^{2}}{\pi}}} \]
      3. unpow276.6%

        \[\leadsto -\frac{\ell}{\frac{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}}{\pi}} \]
    9. Simplified76.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\ell}{\frac{F \cdot F}{\pi}}} \]

    if 9.99999999999999939e-99 < (*.f64 F F)

    1. Initial program 97.7%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg97.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/97.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. *-lft-identity97.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \]
      4. sqr-neg97.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
    3. Simplified97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 86.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{{F}^{2}}\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow286.8%

        \[\leadsto \ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}}\right) \]
    6. Simplified86.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{F \cdot F}\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in F around inf 91.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification77.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;F \cdot F \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-155}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell + -1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;F \cdot F \leq 10^{-98}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-\ell}{\frac{F \cdot F}{\pi}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 74.6% accurate, 2.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;F \cdot F \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-155}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell + -1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;F \cdot F \leq 10^{-98}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi \cdot \left(-\ell\right)}{F \cdot F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (* F F) 5e-155)
   (+ (* PI l) -1.0)
   (if (<= (* F F) 1e-98) (/ (* PI (- l)) (* F F)) (* PI l))))
double code(double F, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if ((F * F) <= 5e-155) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * l) + -1.0;
	} else if ((F * F) <= 1e-98) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) * -l) / (F * F);
	} else {
		tmp = ((double) M_PI) * l;
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	double tmp;
	if ((F * F) <= 5e-155) {
		tmp = (Math.PI * l) + -1.0;
	} else if ((F * F) <= 1e-98) {
		tmp = (Math.PI * -l) / (F * F);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.PI * l;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(F, l):
	tmp = 0
	if (F * F) <= 5e-155:
		tmp = (math.pi * l) + -1.0
	elif (F * F) <= 1e-98:
		tmp = (math.pi * -l) / (F * F)
	else:
		tmp = math.pi * l
	return tmp
function code(F, l)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(F * F) <= 5e-155)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * l) + -1.0);
	elseif (Float64(F * F) <= 1e-98)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi * Float64(-l)) / Float64(F * F));
	else
		tmp = Float64(pi * l);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(F, l)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((F * F) <= 5e-155)
		tmp = (pi * l) + -1.0;
	elseif ((F * F) <= 1e-98)
		tmp = (pi * -l) / (F * F);
	else
		tmp = pi * l;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[F_, l_] := If[LessEqual[N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision], 5e-155], N[(N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision], 1e-98], N[(N[(Pi * (-l)), $MachinePrecision] / N[(F * F), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;F \cdot F \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-155}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell + -1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;F \cdot F \leq 10^{-98}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\pi \cdot \left(-\ell\right)}{F \cdot F}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 F F) < 4.9999999999999999e-155

    1. Initial program 43.5%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/r/43.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F \cdot F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
      2. inv-pow43.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{F \cdot F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}\right)}^{-1}} \]
      3. pow-to-exp21.8%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{F \cdot F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}\right) \cdot -1}} \]
      4. associate-/l*26.3%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}\right)} \cdot -1} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr26.3%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}\right) \cdot -1}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. exp-to-pow54.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}\right)}^{-1}} \]
      2. unpow-154.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}}} \]
      3. clear-num54.9%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
      4. associate-/l/43.5%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
      5. add-sqr-sqrt21.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{F \cdot F} \]
      6. frac-times26.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}} \]
      7. div-inv26.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{F}\right)} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F} \]
      8. associate-*l*23.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}\right)} \]
      9. add-sqr-sqrt9.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}}\right)}\right) \]
      10. sqrt-unprod11.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}}}\right) \]
      11. frac-times10.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F}}}\right) \]
      12. add-sqr-sqrt10.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F}}\right) \]
      13. associate-/l/11.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}}}\right) \]
      14. clear-num11.1%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}}}}\right) \]
    5. Applied egg-rr23.6%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative23.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}} \]
      2. associate-*l/23.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{F}} \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \]
      3. *-lft-identity23.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \]
      4. associate-/r/23.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{\frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}} \]
      5. *-inverses54.0%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{1} \]
    7. Simplified54.0%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{1} \]

    if 4.9999999999999999e-155 < (*.f64 F F) < 9.99999999999999939e-99

    1. Initial program 85.6%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg85.6%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/85.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. *-lft-identity85.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \]
      4. sqr-neg85.4%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
    3. Simplified85.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 76.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{{F}^{2}}\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow276.6%

        \[\leadsto \ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}}\right) \]
    6. Simplified76.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{F \cdot F}\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in F around 0 76.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \pi}{{F}^{2}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/76.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \pi\right)}{{F}^{2}}} \]
      2. *-commutative76.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{{F}^{2}} \]
      3. neg-mul-176.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\pi \cdot \ell}}{{F}^{2}} \]
      4. distribute-rgt-neg-in76.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(-\ell\right)}}{{F}^{2}} \]
      5. unpow276.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \left(-\ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
    9. Simplified76.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \left(-\ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]

    if 9.99999999999999939e-99 < (*.f64 F F)

    1. Initial program 97.7%

      \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqr-neg97.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
      2. associate-*l/97.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
      3. *-lft-identity97.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \]
      4. sqr-neg97.7%

        \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
    3. Simplified97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 86.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{{F}^{2}}\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow286.8%

        \[\leadsto \ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}}\right) \]
    6. Simplified86.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{F \cdot F}\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in F around inf 91.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification77.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;F \cdot F \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-155}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell + -1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;F \cdot F \leq 10^{-98}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi \cdot \left(-\ell\right)}{F \cdot F}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\pi \cdot \ell\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 74.1% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \pi \cdot \ell \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l) :precision binary64 (* PI l))
double code(double F, double l) {
	return ((double) M_PI) * l;
}
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	return Math.PI * l;
}
def code(F, l):
	return math.pi * l
function code(F, l)
	return Float64(pi * l)
end
function tmp = code(F, l)
	tmp = pi * l;
end
code[F_, l_] := N[(Pi * l), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\pi \cdot \ell
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 78.2%

    \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sqr-neg78.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
    2. associate-*l/78.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)}} \]
    3. *-lft-identity78.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{\left(-F\right) \cdot \left(-F\right)} \]
    4. sqr-neg78.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}} \]
  3. Simplified78.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in l around 0 67.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{{F}^{2}}\right)} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow267.1%

      \[\leadsto \ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{F \cdot F}}\right) \]
  6. Simplified67.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\pi - \frac{\pi}{F \cdot F}\right)} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in F around inf 75.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\ell \cdot \pi} \]
  8. Final simplification75.0%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell \]

Alternative 6: 3.3% accurate, 311.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -1 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (F l) :precision binary64 -1.0)
double code(double F, double l) {
	return -1.0;
}
real(8) function code(f, l)
    real(8), intent (in) :: f
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    code = -1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double F, double l) {
	return -1.0;
}
def code(F, l):
	return -1.0
function code(F, l)
	return -1.0
end
function tmp = code(F, l)
	tmp = -1.0;
end
code[F_, l_] := -1.0
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-1
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 78.2%

    \[\pi \cdot \ell - \frac{1}{F \cdot F} \cdot \tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r/78.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F \cdot F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
    2. inv-pow78.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{F \cdot F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}\right)}^{-1}} \]
    3. pow-to-exp41.4%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{F \cdot F}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}\right) \cdot -1}} \]
    4. associate-/l*43.0%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}\right)} \cdot -1} \]
  3. Applied egg-rr43.0%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}\right) \cdot -1}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. exp-to-pow82.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}\right)}^{-1}} \]
    2. unpow-182.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}}} \]
    3. clear-num82.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}} \]
    4. associate-/l/78.2%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F \cdot F}} \]
    5. add-sqr-sqrt41.7%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{F \cdot F} \]
    6. frac-times43.5%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}} \]
    7. div-inv43.5%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{F}\right)} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F} \]
    8. associate-*l*42.4%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}\right)} \]
    9. add-sqr-sqrt21.6%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}}\right)}\right) \]
    10. sqrt-unprod35.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F}}}\right) \]
    11. frac-times35.5%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F}}}\right) \]
    12. add-sqr-sqrt35.5%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}{F \cdot F}}\right) \]
    13. associate-/l/35.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}{F}}}\right) \]
    14. clear-num35.8%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{F}{\frac{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}{F}}}}}\right) \]
  5. Applied egg-rr25.1%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative25.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{F} \cdot \frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}} \]
    2. associate-*l/25.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{F}} \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \]
    3. *-lft-identity25.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}}{F} \cdot \sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)} \]
    4. associate-/r/25.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}{\frac{F}{\sqrt{\tan \left(\pi \cdot \ell\right)}}}} \]
    5. *-inverses52.1%

      \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{1} \]
  7. Simplified52.1%

    \[\leadsto \pi \cdot \ell - \color{blue}{1} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in l around 0 3.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
  9. Final simplification3.3%

    \[\leadsto -1 \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023293 
(FPCore (F l)
  :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (6)"
  :precision binary64
  (- (* PI l) (* (/ 1.0 (* F F)) (tan (* PI l)))))