
(FPCore (w h dX.u dX.v dY.u dY.v maxAniso)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (floor h) dX.v))
(t_1 (* (floor w) dY.u))
(t_2 (* (floor h) dY.v))
(t_3 (* (floor w) dX.u))
(t_4 (fmax (+ (* t_3 t_3) (* t_0 t_0)) (+ (* t_1 t_1) (* t_2 t_2))))
(t_5 (sqrt t_4))
(t_6 (fabs (- (* t_3 t_2) (* t_0 t_1)))))
(log2
(if (> (/ t_4 t_6) (floor maxAniso))
(/ t_5 (floor maxAniso))
(/ t_6 t_5)))))
float code(float w, float h, float dX_46_u, float dX_46_v, float dY_46_u, float dY_46_v, float maxAniso) {
float t_0 = floorf(h) * dX_46_v;
float t_1 = floorf(w) * dY_46_u;
float t_2 = floorf(h) * dY_46_v;
float t_3 = floorf(w) * dX_46_u;
float t_4 = fmaxf(((t_3 * t_3) + (t_0 * t_0)), ((t_1 * t_1) + (t_2 * t_2)));
float t_5 = sqrtf(t_4);
float t_6 = fabsf(((t_3 * t_2) - (t_0 * t_1)));
float tmp;
if ((t_4 / t_6) > floorf(maxAniso)) {
tmp = t_5 / floorf(maxAniso);
} else {
tmp = t_6 / t_5;
}
return log2f(tmp);
}
function code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso) t_0 = Float32(floor(h) * dX_46_v) t_1 = Float32(floor(w) * dY_46_u) t_2 = Float32(floor(h) * dY_46_v) t_3 = Float32(floor(w) * dX_46_u) t_4 = (Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0)) != Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0))) ? Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)) : ((Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)) != Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2))) ? Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0)) : max(Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0)), Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)))) t_5 = sqrt(t_4) t_6 = abs(Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_2) - Float32(t_0 * t_1))) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (Float32(t_4 / t_6) > floor(maxAniso)) tmp = Float32(t_5 / floor(maxAniso)); else tmp = Float32(t_6 / t_5); end return log2(tmp) end
function tmp_2 = code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso) t_0 = floor(h) * dX_46_v; t_1 = floor(w) * dY_46_u; t_2 = floor(h) * dY_46_v; t_3 = floor(w) * dX_46_u; t_4 = max(((t_3 * t_3) + (t_0 * t_0)), ((t_1 * t_1) + (t_2 * t_2))); t_5 = sqrt(t_4); t_6 = abs(((t_3 * t_2) - (t_0 * t_1))); tmp = single(0.0); if ((t_4 / t_6) > floor(maxAniso)) tmp = t_5 / floor(maxAniso); else tmp = t_6 / t_5; end tmp_2 = log2(tmp); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left\lfloorh\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\\
t_1 := \left\lfloorw\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\\
t_2 := \left\lfloorh\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\\
t_3 := \left\lfloorw\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\\
t_4 := \mathsf{max}\left(t_3 \cdot t_3 + t_0 \cdot t_0, t_1 \cdot t_1 + t_2 \cdot t_2\right)\\
t_5 := \sqrt{t_4}\\
t_6 := \left|t_3 \cdot t_2 - t_0 \cdot t_1\right|\\
\log_{2} \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{t_4}{t_6} > \left\lfloormaxAniso\right\rfloor:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{t_5}{\left\lfloormaxAniso\right\rfloor}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{t_6}{t_5}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 2 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (w h dX.u dX.v dY.u dY.v maxAniso)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (floor h) dX.v))
(t_1 (* (floor w) dY.u))
(t_2 (* (floor h) dY.v))
(t_3 (* (floor w) dX.u))
(t_4 (fmax (+ (* t_3 t_3) (* t_0 t_0)) (+ (* t_1 t_1) (* t_2 t_2))))
(t_5 (sqrt t_4))
(t_6 (fabs (- (* t_3 t_2) (* t_0 t_1)))))
(log2
(if (> (/ t_4 t_6) (floor maxAniso))
(/ t_5 (floor maxAniso))
(/ t_6 t_5)))))
float code(float w, float h, float dX_46_u, float dX_46_v, float dY_46_u, float dY_46_v, float maxAniso) {
float t_0 = floorf(h) * dX_46_v;
float t_1 = floorf(w) * dY_46_u;
float t_2 = floorf(h) * dY_46_v;
float t_3 = floorf(w) * dX_46_u;
float t_4 = fmaxf(((t_3 * t_3) + (t_0 * t_0)), ((t_1 * t_1) + (t_2 * t_2)));
float t_5 = sqrtf(t_4);
float t_6 = fabsf(((t_3 * t_2) - (t_0 * t_1)));
float tmp;
if ((t_4 / t_6) > floorf(maxAniso)) {
tmp = t_5 / floorf(maxAniso);
} else {
tmp = t_6 / t_5;
}
return log2f(tmp);
}
function code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso) t_0 = Float32(floor(h) * dX_46_v) t_1 = Float32(floor(w) * dY_46_u) t_2 = Float32(floor(h) * dY_46_v) t_3 = Float32(floor(w) * dX_46_u) t_4 = (Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0)) != Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0))) ? Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)) : ((Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)) != Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2))) ? Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0)) : max(Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0)), Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)))) t_5 = sqrt(t_4) t_6 = abs(Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_2) - Float32(t_0 * t_1))) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (Float32(t_4 / t_6) > floor(maxAniso)) tmp = Float32(t_5 / floor(maxAniso)); else tmp = Float32(t_6 / t_5); end return log2(tmp) end
function tmp_2 = code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso) t_0 = floor(h) * dX_46_v; t_1 = floor(w) * dY_46_u; t_2 = floor(h) * dY_46_v; t_3 = floor(w) * dX_46_u; t_4 = max(((t_3 * t_3) + (t_0 * t_0)), ((t_1 * t_1) + (t_2 * t_2))); t_5 = sqrt(t_4); t_6 = abs(((t_3 * t_2) - (t_0 * t_1))); tmp = single(0.0); if ((t_4 / t_6) > floor(maxAniso)) tmp = t_5 / floor(maxAniso); else tmp = t_6 / t_5; end tmp_2 = log2(tmp); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left\lfloorh\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\\
t_1 := \left\lfloorw\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\\
t_2 := \left\lfloorh\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\\
t_3 := \left\lfloorw\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\\
t_4 := \mathsf{max}\left(t_3 \cdot t_3 + t_0 \cdot t_0, t_1 \cdot t_1 + t_2 \cdot t_2\right)\\
t_5 := \sqrt{t_4}\\
t_6 := \left|t_3 \cdot t_2 - t_0 \cdot t_1\right|\\
\log_{2} \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{t_4}{t_6} > \left\lfloormaxAniso\right\rfloor:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{t_5}{\left\lfloormaxAniso\right\rfloor}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{t_6}{t_5}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (w h dX.u dX.v dY.u dY.v maxAniso)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (floor h) (fabs (- (* dX.u dY.v) (* dX.v dY.u)))))
(t_1
(fmax
(+ (pow (* dX.v (floor h)) 2.0) (pow (* dX.u (floor w)) 2.0))
(+ (pow (* (floor h) dY.v) 2.0) (pow (* (floor w) dY.u) 2.0))))
(t_2 (pow (floor w) 2.0))
(t_3 (pow (floor h) 2.0)))
(log2
(if (> (/ t_1 (* (floor w) t_0)) (floor maxAniso))
(/
(sqrt
(fmax
(fma (* dX.u dX.u) t_2 (* (* dX.v dX.v) t_3))
(fma (* dY.u dY.u) t_2 (* t_3 (* dY.v dY.v)))))
(floor maxAniso))
(* (floor w) (/ t_0 (sqrt t_1)))))))
float code(float w, float h, float dX_46_u, float dX_46_v, float dY_46_u, float dY_46_v, float maxAniso) {
float t_0 = floorf(h) * fabsf(((dX_46_u * dY_46_v) - (dX_46_v * dY_46_u)));
float t_1 = fmaxf((powf((dX_46_v * floorf(h)), 2.0f) + powf((dX_46_u * floorf(w)), 2.0f)), (powf((floorf(h) * dY_46_v), 2.0f) + powf((floorf(w) * dY_46_u), 2.0f)));
float t_2 = powf(floorf(w), 2.0f);
float t_3 = powf(floorf(h), 2.0f);
float tmp;
if ((t_1 / (floorf(w) * t_0)) > floorf(maxAniso)) {
tmp = sqrtf(fmaxf(fmaf((dX_46_u * dX_46_u), t_2, ((dX_46_v * dX_46_v) * t_3)), fmaf((dY_46_u * dY_46_u), t_2, (t_3 * (dY_46_v * dY_46_v))))) / floorf(maxAniso);
} else {
tmp = floorf(w) * (t_0 / sqrtf(t_1));
}
return log2f(tmp);
}
function code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso) t_0 = Float32(floor(h) * abs(Float32(Float32(dX_46_u * dY_46_v) - Float32(dX_46_v * dY_46_u)))) t_1 = (Float32((Float32(dX_46_v * floor(h)) ^ Float32(2.0)) + (Float32(dX_46_u * floor(w)) ^ Float32(2.0))) != Float32((Float32(dX_46_v * floor(h)) ^ Float32(2.0)) + (Float32(dX_46_u * floor(w)) ^ Float32(2.0)))) ? Float32((Float32(floor(h) * dY_46_v) ^ Float32(2.0)) + (Float32(floor(w) * dY_46_u) ^ Float32(2.0))) : ((Float32((Float32(floor(h) * dY_46_v) ^ Float32(2.0)) + (Float32(floor(w) * dY_46_u) ^ Float32(2.0))) != Float32((Float32(floor(h) * dY_46_v) ^ Float32(2.0)) + (Float32(floor(w) * dY_46_u) ^ Float32(2.0)))) ? Float32((Float32(dX_46_v * floor(h)) ^ Float32(2.0)) + (Float32(dX_46_u * floor(w)) ^ Float32(2.0))) : max(Float32((Float32(dX_46_v * floor(h)) ^ Float32(2.0)) + (Float32(dX_46_u * floor(w)) ^ Float32(2.0))), Float32((Float32(floor(h) * dY_46_v) ^ Float32(2.0)) + (Float32(floor(w) * dY_46_u) ^ Float32(2.0))))) t_2 = floor(w) ^ Float32(2.0) t_3 = floor(h) ^ Float32(2.0) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (Float32(t_1 / Float32(floor(w) * t_0)) > floor(maxAniso)) tmp = Float32(sqrt(((fma(Float32(dX_46_u * dX_46_u), t_2, Float32(Float32(dX_46_v * dX_46_v) * t_3)) != fma(Float32(dX_46_u * dX_46_u), t_2, Float32(Float32(dX_46_v * dX_46_v) * t_3))) ? fma(Float32(dY_46_u * dY_46_u), t_2, Float32(t_3 * Float32(dY_46_v * dY_46_v))) : ((fma(Float32(dY_46_u * dY_46_u), t_2, Float32(t_3 * Float32(dY_46_v * dY_46_v))) != fma(Float32(dY_46_u * dY_46_u), t_2, Float32(t_3 * Float32(dY_46_v * dY_46_v)))) ? fma(Float32(dX_46_u * dX_46_u), t_2, Float32(Float32(dX_46_v * dX_46_v) * t_3)) : max(fma(Float32(dX_46_u * dX_46_u), t_2, Float32(Float32(dX_46_v * dX_46_v) * t_3)), fma(Float32(dY_46_u * dY_46_u), t_2, Float32(t_3 * Float32(dY_46_v * dY_46_v))))))) / floor(maxAniso)); else tmp = Float32(floor(w) * Float32(t_0 / sqrt(t_1))); end return log2(tmp) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left\lfloorh\right\rfloor \cdot \left|dX.u \cdot dY.v - dX.v \cdot dY.u\right|\\
t_1 := \mathsf{max}\left({\left(dX.v \cdot \left\lfloorh\right\rfloor\right)}^{2} + {\left(dX.u \cdot \left\lfloorw\right\rfloor\right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloorh\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right)}^{2} + {\left(\left\lfloorw\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right)}^{2}\right)\\
t_2 := {\left(\left\lfloorw\right\rfloor\right)}^{2}\\
t_3 := {\left(\left\lfloorh\right\rfloor\right)}^{2}\\
\log_{2} \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{t_1}{\left\lfloorw\right\rfloor \cdot t_0} > \left\lfloormaxAniso\right\rfloor:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.u \cdot dX.u, t_2, \left(dX.v \cdot dX.v\right) \cdot t_3\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.u \cdot dY.u, t_2, t_3 \cdot \left(dY.v \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right)}}{\left\lfloormaxAniso\right\rfloor}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left\lfloorw\right\rfloor \cdot \frac{t_0}{\sqrt{t_1}}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 75.0%
Applied egg-rr74.9%
Simplified75.0%
Taylor expanded in w around 0 75.0%
Simplified75.0%
Taylor expanded in w around 0 75.0%
fma-def75.0%
unpow275.0%
unpow275.0%
fma-def75.0%
unpow275.0%
*-commutative75.0%
unpow275.0%
Simplified75.0%
Final simplification75.0%
(FPCore (w h dX.u dX.v dY.u dY.v maxAniso)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (fabs (- (* dX.u dY.v) (* dX.v dY.u))))
(t_1 (* dX.u (floor w)))
(t_2 (* (floor h) dY.v))
(t_3 (* (floor w) dY.u))
(t_4 (* dX.v (floor h)))
(t_5
(fmax
(+ (pow t_4 2.0) (pow t_1 2.0))
(+ (pow t_2 2.0) (pow t_3 2.0)))))
(log2
(if (> (/ t_5 (* (floor w) (* (floor h) t_0))) (floor maxAniso))
(/
(sqrt (fmax (+ (* t_1 t_1) (* t_4 t_4)) (+ (* t_3 t_3) (* t_2 t_2))))
(floor maxAniso))
(* (floor w) (* t_0 (/ (floor h) (sqrt t_5))))))))
float code(float w, float h, float dX_46_u, float dX_46_v, float dY_46_u, float dY_46_v, float maxAniso) {
float t_0 = fabsf(((dX_46_u * dY_46_v) - (dX_46_v * dY_46_u)));
float t_1 = dX_46_u * floorf(w);
float t_2 = floorf(h) * dY_46_v;
float t_3 = floorf(w) * dY_46_u;
float t_4 = dX_46_v * floorf(h);
float t_5 = fmaxf((powf(t_4, 2.0f) + powf(t_1, 2.0f)), (powf(t_2, 2.0f) + powf(t_3, 2.0f)));
float tmp;
if ((t_5 / (floorf(w) * (floorf(h) * t_0))) > floorf(maxAniso)) {
tmp = sqrtf(fmaxf(((t_1 * t_1) + (t_4 * t_4)), ((t_3 * t_3) + (t_2 * t_2)))) / floorf(maxAniso);
} else {
tmp = floorf(w) * (t_0 * (floorf(h) / sqrtf(t_5)));
}
return log2f(tmp);
}
function code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso) t_0 = abs(Float32(Float32(dX_46_u * dY_46_v) - Float32(dX_46_v * dY_46_u))) t_1 = Float32(dX_46_u * floor(w)) t_2 = Float32(floor(h) * dY_46_v) t_3 = Float32(floor(w) * dY_46_u) t_4 = Float32(dX_46_v * floor(h)) t_5 = (Float32((t_4 ^ Float32(2.0)) + (t_1 ^ Float32(2.0))) != Float32((t_4 ^ Float32(2.0)) + (t_1 ^ Float32(2.0)))) ? Float32((t_2 ^ Float32(2.0)) + (t_3 ^ Float32(2.0))) : ((Float32((t_2 ^ Float32(2.0)) + (t_3 ^ Float32(2.0))) != Float32((t_2 ^ Float32(2.0)) + (t_3 ^ Float32(2.0)))) ? Float32((t_4 ^ Float32(2.0)) + (t_1 ^ Float32(2.0))) : max(Float32((t_4 ^ Float32(2.0)) + (t_1 ^ Float32(2.0))), Float32((t_2 ^ Float32(2.0)) + (t_3 ^ Float32(2.0))))) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (Float32(t_5 / Float32(floor(w) * Float32(floor(h) * t_0))) > floor(maxAniso)) tmp = Float32(sqrt(((Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_4 * t_4)) != Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_4 * t_4))) ? Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)) : ((Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)) != Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_2 * t_2))) ? Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_4 * t_4)) : max(Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_4 * t_4)), Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)))))) / floor(maxAniso)); else tmp = Float32(floor(w) * Float32(t_0 * Float32(floor(h) / sqrt(t_5)))); end return log2(tmp) end
function tmp_2 = code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso) t_0 = abs(((dX_46_u * dY_46_v) - (dX_46_v * dY_46_u))); t_1 = dX_46_u * floor(w); t_2 = floor(h) * dY_46_v; t_3 = floor(w) * dY_46_u; t_4 = dX_46_v * floor(h); t_5 = max(((t_4 ^ single(2.0)) + (t_1 ^ single(2.0))), ((t_2 ^ single(2.0)) + (t_3 ^ single(2.0)))); tmp = single(0.0); if ((t_5 / (floor(w) * (floor(h) * t_0))) > floor(maxAniso)) tmp = sqrt(max(((t_1 * t_1) + (t_4 * t_4)), ((t_3 * t_3) + (t_2 * t_2)))) / floor(maxAniso); else tmp = floor(w) * (t_0 * (floor(h) / sqrt(t_5))); end tmp_2 = log2(tmp); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left|dX.u \cdot dY.v - dX.v \cdot dY.u\right|\\
t_1 := dX.u \cdot \left\lfloorw\right\rfloor\\
t_2 := \left\lfloorh\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\\
t_3 := \left\lfloorw\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\\
t_4 := dX.v \cdot \left\lfloorh\right\rfloor\\
t_5 := \mathsf{max}\left({t_4}^{2} + {t_1}^{2}, {t_2}^{2} + {t_3}^{2}\right)\\
\log_{2} \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{t_5}{\left\lfloorw\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloorh\right\rfloor \cdot t_0\right)} > \left\lfloormaxAniso\right\rfloor:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(t_1 \cdot t_1 + t_4 \cdot t_4, t_3 \cdot t_3 + t_2 \cdot t_2\right)}}{\left\lfloormaxAniso\right\rfloor}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left\lfloorw\right\rfloor \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot \frac{\left\lfloorh\right\rfloor}{\sqrt{t_5}}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 75.0%
Applied egg-rr74.9%
Simplified75.0%
div-inv75.0%
+-commutative75.0%
Applied egg-rr75.0%
associate-*r/75.0%
*-rgt-identity75.0%
associate-*l/75.0%
associate-/r/75.0%
rem-exp-log74.9%
Simplified75.0%
Taylor expanded in w around 0 75.0%
Simplified75.0%
Final simplification75.0%
herbie shell --seed 2023292
(FPCore (w h dX.u dX.v dY.u dY.v maxAniso)
:name "Anisotropic x16 LOD (LOD)"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (and (and (and (and (and (<= 1.0 w) (<= w 16384.0)) (and (<= 1.0 h) (<= h 16384.0))) (and (<= 1e-20 (fabs dX.u)) (<= (fabs dX.u) 1e+20))) (and (<= 1e-20 (fabs dX.v)) (<= (fabs dX.v) 1e+20))) (and (<= 1e-20 (fabs dY.u)) (<= (fabs dY.u) 1e+20))) (and (<= 1e-20 (fabs dY.v)) (<= (fabs dY.v) 1e+20))) (== maxAniso 16.0))
(log2 (if (> (/ (fmax (+ (* (* (floor w) dX.u) (* (floor w) dX.u)) (* (* (floor h) dX.v) (* (floor h) dX.v))) (+ (* (* (floor w) dY.u) (* (floor w) dY.u)) (* (* (floor h) dY.v) (* (floor h) dY.v)))) (fabs (- (* (* (floor w) dX.u) (* (floor h) dY.v)) (* (* (floor h) dX.v) (* (floor w) dY.u))))) (floor maxAniso)) (/ (sqrt (fmax (+ (* (* (floor w) dX.u) (* (floor w) dX.u)) (* (* (floor h) dX.v) (* (floor h) dX.v))) (+ (* (* (floor w) dY.u) (* (floor w) dY.u)) (* (* (floor h) dY.v) (* (floor h) dY.v))))) (floor maxAniso)) (/ (fabs (- (* (* (floor w) dX.u) (* (floor h) dY.v)) (* (* (floor h) dX.v) (* (floor w) dY.u)))) (sqrt (fmax (+ (* (* (floor w) dX.u) (* (floor w) dX.u)) (* (* (floor h) dX.v) (* (floor h) dX.v))) (+ (* (* (floor w) dY.u) (* (floor w) dY.u)) (* (* (floor h) dY.v) (* (floor h) dY.v)))))))))