Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10-)

Percentage Accurate: 33.4% → 84.0%
Time: 21.0s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 38.3×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  2.0
  (*
   (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
   (- (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 / (((((t ** 3.0d0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0d0 + ((k / t) ** 2.0d0)) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((Math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * Math.sin(k)) * Math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + Math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 / ((((math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * math.sin(k)) * math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((t ^ 3.0) / Float64(l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 / (((((t ^ 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + ((k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(k / t), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 33.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  2.0
  (*
   (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
   (- (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 / (((((t ** 3.0d0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0d0 + ((k / t) ** 2.0d0)) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((Math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * Math.sin(k)) * Math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + Math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 / ((((math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * math.sin(k)) * math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((t ^ 3.0) / Float64(l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 / (((((t ^ 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + ((k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(k / t), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 84.0% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{k}}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (* 2.0 (* (/ (/ l k) (/ t (/ l k))) (/ (cos k) (pow (sin k) 2.0)))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 * (((l / k) / (t / (l / k))) * (cos(k) / pow(sin(k), 2.0)));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 * (((l / k) / (t / (l / k))) * (cos(k) / (sin(k) ** 2.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 * (((l / k) / (t / (l / k))) * (Math.cos(k) / Math.pow(Math.sin(k), 2.0)));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 * (((l / k) / (t / (l / k))) * (math.cos(k) / math.pow(math.sin(k), 2.0)))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(l / k) / Float64(t / Float64(l / k))) * Float64(cos(k) / (sin(k) ^ 2.0))))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 * (((l / k) / (t / (l / k))) * (cos(k) / (sin(k) ^ 2.0)));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 * N[(N[(N[(l / k), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t / N[(l / k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[k], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
2 \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{k}}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 32.2%

    \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in t around 0 68.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*68.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
    2. times-frac69.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
    3. unpow269.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    4. associate-*l*70.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    5. unpow270.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  4. Simplified70.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/70.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
    2. times-frac81.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr81.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot t}{\ell}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. div-inv81.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr81.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/81.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot 1}{\ell}}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    2. *-rgt-identity81.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot t}}{\ell}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    3. associate-*l/83.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot t\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    4. *-commutative83.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  10. Simplified83.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  11. Taylor expanded in k around inf 68.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*68.7%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}{\color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}} \]
    2. unpow268.7%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}} \]
    3. times-frac69.7%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot t} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right)} \]
    4. associate-*l*70.8%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]
    5. *-commutative70.8%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot k\right)}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]
    6. associate-/r*70.9%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{k}}{t \cdot k}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]
    7. unpow270.9%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{k}}{t \cdot k} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]
    8. associate-*l/77.9%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{k} \cdot \ell}}{t \cdot k} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]
    9. *-commutative77.9%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\ell}{k} \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{k \cdot t}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]
    10. associate-/l/77.4%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k} \cdot \ell}{t}}{k}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]
    11. associate-*r/79.2%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{k} \cdot \frac{\ell}{t}}}{k} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]
    12. associate-/l*80.7%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\frac{k}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]
    13. associate-/l*81.6%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\color{blue}{\frac{k \cdot t}{\ell}}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]
    14. *-commutative81.6%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]
    15. associate-/l*83.7%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{k}}}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]
  13. Simplified83.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{k}}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right)} \]
  14. Final simplification83.7%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{k}}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right) \]

Alternative 2: 73.4% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 6 \cdot 10^{-16}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)}{\cos k}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{0.5 - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= k 6e-16)
   (/ 2.0 (/ (* (* (/ k l) (* t (/ k l))) (* k k)) (cos k)))
   (/
    2.0
    (/ (* (* k (* k t)) (/ (- 0.5 (/ (cos (+ k k)) 2.0)) (cos k))) (* l l)))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 6e-16) {
		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k / l) * (t * (k / l))) * (k * k)) / cos(k));
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 / (((k * (k * t)) * ((0.5 - (cos((k + k)) / 2.0)) / cos(k))) / (l * l));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (k <= 6d-16) then
        tmp = 2.0d0 / ((((k / l) * (t * (k / l))) * (k * k)) / cos(k))
    else
        tmp = 2.0d0 / (((k * (k * t)) * ((0.5d0 - (cos((k + k)) / 2.0d0)) / cos(k))) / (l * l))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 6e-16) {
		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k / l) * (t * (k / l))) * (k * k)) / Math.cos(k));
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 / (((k * (k * t)) * ((0.5 - (Math.cos((k + k)) / 2.0)) / Math.cos(k))) / (l * l));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(t, l, k):
	tmp = 0
	if k <= 6e-16:
		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k / l) * (t * (k / l))) * (k * k)) / math.cos(k))
	else:
		tmp = 2.0 / (((k * (k * t)) * ((0.5 - (math.cos((k + k)) / 2.0)) / math.cos(k))) / (l * l))
	return tmp
function code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 6e-16)
		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(k / l) * Float64(t * Float64(k / l))) * Float64(k * k)) / cos(k)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(k * Float64(k * t)) * Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(cos(Float64(k + k)) / 2.0)) / cos(k))) / Float64(l * l)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (k <= 6e-16)
		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k / l) * (t * (k / l))) * (k * k)) / cos(k));
	else
		tmp = 2.0 / (((k * (k * t)) * ((0.5 - (cos((k + k)) / 2.0)) / cos(k))) / (l * l));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := If[LessEqual[k, 6e-16], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(k / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t * N[(k / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(k * N[(k * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(0.5 - N[(N[Cos[N[(k + k), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;k \leq 6 \cdot 10^{-16}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)}{\cos k}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{0.5 - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if k < 5.99999999999999987e-16

    1. Initial program 36.9%

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in t around 0 73.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*73.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
      2. times-frac74.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
      3. unpow274.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      4. associate-*l*75.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      5. unpow275.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    4. Simplified75.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/75.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
      2. times-frac87.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr87.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot t}{\ell}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. div-inv87.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr87.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/87.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot 1}{\ell}}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      2. *-rgt-identity87.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot t}}{\ell}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      3. associate-*l/89.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot t\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      4. *-commutative89.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    10. Simplified89.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    11. Taylor expanded in k around 0 82.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{k}^{2}}}{\cos k}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow282.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}}{\cos k}} \]
    13. Simplified82.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}}{\cos k}} \]

    if 5.99999999999999987e-16 < k

    1. Initial program 21.1%

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in t around 0 58.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*58.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
      2. times-frac58.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
      3. unpow258.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      4. associate-*l*59.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      5. unpow259.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    4. Simplified59.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l/59.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr59.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow259.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sin k \cdot \sin k}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
      2. sin-mult59.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(k - k\right) - \cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr59.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(k - k\right) - \cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. div-sub59.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(k - k\right)}{2} - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
      2. +-inverses59.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\cos \color{blue}{0}}{2} - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
      3. cos-059.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{2} - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
      4. metadata-eval59.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
    10. Simplified59.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification75.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 6 \cdot 10^{-16}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)}{\cos k}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{0.5 - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3: 77.7% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 2500:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{t_1 \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)}{\cos k}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{t_1 \cdot \left(0.5 - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}\right)}{\cos k}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* (/ k l) (* t (/ k l)))))
   (if (<= k 2500.0)
     (/ 2.0 (/ (* t_1 (* k k)) (cos k)))
     (/ 2.0 (/ (* t_1 (- 0.5 (/ (cos (+ k k)) 2.0))) (cos k))))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	double t_1 = (k / l) * (t * (k / l));
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 2500.0) {
		tmp = 2.0 / ((t_1 * (k * k)) / cos(k));
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 / ((t_1 * (0.5 - (cos((k + k)) / 2.0))) / cos(k));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_1 = (k / l) * (t * (k / l))
    if (k <= 2500.0d0) then
        tmp = 2.0d0 / ((t_1 * (k * k)) / cos(k))
    else
        tmp = 2.0d0 / ((t_1 * (0.5d0 - (cos((k + k)) / 2.0d0))) / cos(k))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	double t_1 = (k / l) * (t * (k / l));
	double tmp;
	if (k <= 2500.0) {
		tmp = 2.0 / ((t_1 * (k * k)) / Math.cos(k));
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 / ((t_1 * (0.5 - (Math.cos((k + k)) / 2.0))) / Math.cos(k));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(t, l, k):
	t_1 = (k / l) * (t * (k / l))
	tmp = 0
	if k <= 2500.0:
		tmp = 2.0 / ((t_1 * (k * k)) / math.cos(k))
	else:
		tmp = 2.0 / ((t_1 * (0.5 - (math.cos((k + k)) / 2.0))) / math.cos(k))
	return tmp
function code(t, l, k)
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(k / l) * Float64(t * Float64(k / l)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k <= 2500.0)
		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(t_1 * Float64(k * k)) / cos(k)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(t_1 * Float64(0.5 - Float64(cos(Float64(k + k)) / 2.0))) / cos(k)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(t, l, k)
	t_1 = (k / l) * (t * (k / l));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (k <= 2500.0)
		tmp = 2.0 / ((t_1 * (k * k)) / cos(k));
	else
		tmp = 2.0 / ((t_1 * (0.5 - (cos((k + k)) / 2.0))) / cos(k));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(k / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t * N[(k / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[k, 2500.0], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(t$95$1 * N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(t$95$1 * N[(0.5 - N[(N[Cos[N[(k + k), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;k \leq 2500:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{t_1 \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)}{\cos k}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{t_1 \cdot \left(0.5 - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}\right)}{\cos k}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if k < 2500

    1. Initial program 36.7%

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in t around 0 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*73.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
      2. times-frac74.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
      3. unpow274.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      4. associate-*l*75.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      5. unpow275.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    4. Simplified75.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/75.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
      2. times-frac87.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr87.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot t}{\ell}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. div-inv87.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr87.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/87.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot 1}{\ell}}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      2. *-rgt-identity87.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot t}}{\ell}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      3. associate-*l/89.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot t\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      4. *-commutative89.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    10. Simplified89.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    11. Taylor expanded in k around 0 82.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{k}^{2}}}{\cos k}} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow282.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}}{\cos k}} \]
    13. Simplified82.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}}{\cos k}} \]

    if 2500 < k

    1. Initial program 21.4%

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in t around 0 57.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*57.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
      2. times-frac57.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
      3. unpow257.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      4. associate-*l*58.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      5. unpow258.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    4. Simplified58.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/58.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
      2. times-frac66.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    6. Applied egg-rr66.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot t}{\ell}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. div-inv66.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    8. Applied egg-rr66.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/66.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot 1}{\ell}}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      2. *-rgt-identity66.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot t}}{\ell}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      3. associate-*l/68.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot t\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
      4. *-commutative68.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    10. Simplified68.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow258.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sin k \cdot \sin k}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
      2. sin-mult58.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(k - k\right) - \cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
    12. Applied egg-rr68.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(k - k\right) - \cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}}{\cos k}} \]
    13. Step-by-step derivation
      1. div-sub58.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(k - k\right)}{2} - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
      2. +-inverses58.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\cos \color{blue}{0}}{2} - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
      3. cos-058.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{2} - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
      4. metadata-eval58.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{0.5} - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}}{\cos k}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \]
    14. Simplified68.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(0.5 - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}\right)}}{\cos k}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification78.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 2500:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)}{\cos k}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.5 - \frac{\cos \left(k + k\right)}{2}\right)}{\cos k}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 71.9% accurate, 3.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)}{\cos k}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/ 2.0 (/ (* (* (/ k l) (* t (/ k l))) (* k k)) (cos k))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((k / l) * (t * (k / l))) * (k * k)) / cos(k));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 / ((((k / l) * (t * (k / l))) * (k * k)) / cos(k))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((k / l) * (t * (k / l))) * (k * k)) / Math.cos(k));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 / ((((k / l) * (t * (k / l))) * (k * k)) / math.cos(k))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(k / l) * Float64(t * Float64(k / l))) * Float64(k * k)) / cos(k)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 / ((((k / l) * (t * (k / l))) * (k * k)) / cos(k));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(k / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t * N[(k / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)}{\cos k}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 32.2%

    \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in t around 0 68.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*68.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
    2. times-frac69.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
    3. unpow269.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    4. associate-*l*70.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    5. unpow270.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  4. Simplified70.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/70.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
    2. times-frac81.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  6. Applied egg-rr81.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot t}{\ell}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. div-inv81.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  8. Applied egg-rr81.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/81.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot 1}{\ell}}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    2. *-rgt-identity81.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot t}}{\ell}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    3. associate-*l/83.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot t\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    4. *-commutative83.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  10. Simplified83.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  11. Taylor expanded in k around 0 72.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{k}^{2}}}{\cos k}} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow272.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}}{\cos k}} \]
  13. Simplified72.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}}{\cos k}} \]
  14. Final simplification72.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)}{\cos k}} \]

Alternative 5: 68.0% accurate, 3.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\ell}{\frac{{k}^{3}}{\ell}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{k \cdot t}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ l (/ (pow k 3.0) l)) (* 2.0 (/ 1.0 (* k t)))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return (l / (pow(k, 3.0) / l)) * (2.0 * (1.0 / (k * t)));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = (l / ((k ** 3.0d0) / l)) * (2.0d0 * (1.0d0 / (k * t)))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return (l / (Math.pow(k, 3.0) / l)) * (2.0 * (1.0 / (k * t)));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return (l / (math.pow(k, 3.0) / l)) * (2.0 * (1.0 / (k * t)))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(Float64(l / Float64((k ^ 3.0) / l)) * Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 / Float64(k * t))))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = (l / ((k ^ 3.0) / l)) * (2.0 * (1.0 / (k * t)));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(N[(l / N[(N[Power[k, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 / N[(k * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\ell}{\frac{{k}^{3}}{\ell}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{k \cdot t}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 32.2%

    \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*31.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1}} \]
    2. *-commutative31.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\sin k \cdot \frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1} \]
    3. associate-/r*36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\left(\sin k \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1} \]
    4. associate-*r/37.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin k \cdot \frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1} \]
    5. associate-/l*36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1} \]
    6. +-commutative36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)} - 1} \]
    7. unpow236.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{k}{t} \cdot \frac{k}{t}} + 1\right) - 1} \]
    8. sqr-neg36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{k}{t}\right) \cdot \left(-\frac{k}{t}\right)} + 1\right) - 1} \]
    9. distribute-frac-neg36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-k}{t}} \cdot \left(-\frac{k}{t}\right) + 1\right) - 1} \]
    10. distribute-frac-neg36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\frac{-k}{t} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-k}{t}} + 1\right) - 1} \]
    11. unpow236.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{-k}{t}\right)}^{2}} + 1\right) - 1} \]
    12. associate--l+49.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{-k}{t}\right)}^{2} + \left(1 - 1\right)}} \]
    13. metadata-eval49.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{{\left(\frac{-k}{t}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{0}} \]
    14. +-rgt-identity49.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{-k}{t}\right)}^{2}}} \]
    15. unpow249.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{\frac{-k}{t} \cdot \frac{-k}{t}}} \]
    16. distribute-frac-neg49.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{k}{t}\right)} \cdot \frac{-k}{t}} \]
  3. Simplified49.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in k around 0 48.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k}}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in k around inf 62.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}{{k}^{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative62.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}{{k}^{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)} \cdot 2} \]
    2. times-frac62.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{3}} \cdot \frac{\cos k}{t \cdot \sin k}\right)} \cdot 2 \]
    3. associate-*l*62.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{3}} \cdot \left(\frac{\cos k}{t \cdot \sin k} \cdot 2\right)} \]
    4. unpow262.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{{k}^{3}} \cdot \left(\frac{\cos k}{t \cdot \sin k} \cdot 2\right) \]
    5. associate-/r*62.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{{k}^{3}} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\cos k}{t}}{\sin k}} \cdot 2\right) \]
  7. Simplified62.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{{k}^{3}} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\cos k}{t}}{\sin k} \cdot 2\right)} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in k around 0 62.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{{k}^{3}} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{k \cdot t}} \cdot 2\right) \]
  9. Taylor expanded in l around 0 62.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{3}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{k \cdot t} \cdot 2\right) \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow262.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{{k}^{3}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{k \cdot t} \cdot 2\right) \]
    2. associate-/l*69.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{k}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{k \cdot t} \cdot 2\right) \]
  11. Simplified69.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{k}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{k \cdot t} \cdot 2\right) \]
  12. Final simplification69.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\ell}{\frac{{k}^{3}}{\ell}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{k \cdot t}\right) \]

Alternative 6: 65.8% accurate, 3.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k) :precision binary64 (* 2.0 (* (/ l t) (/ l (pow k 4.0)))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 * ((l / t) * (l / pow(k, 4.0)));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 * ((l / t) * (l / (k ** 4.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 * ((l / t) * (l / Math.pow(k, 4.0)));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 * ((l / t) * (l / math.pow(k, 4.0)))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(l / t) * Float64(l / (k ^ 4.0))))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 * ((l / t) * (l / (k ^ 4.0)));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 * N[(N[(l / t), $MachinePrecision] * N[(l / N[Power[k, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
2 \cdot \left(\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 32.2%

    \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in t around 0 68.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*68.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
    2. times-frac69.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
    3. unpow269.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    4. associate-*l*70.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
    5. unpow270.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}} \]
  4. Simplified70.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{{\sin k}^{2}}{\cos k}}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in k around 0 61.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow261.8%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t} \]
    2. *-commutative61.8%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}} \]
    3. times-frac66.6%

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}\right)} \]
  7. Simplified66.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}\right)} \]
  8. Final simplification66.6%

    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{{k}^{4}}\right) \]

Alternative 7: 33.2% accurate, 38.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k \cdot k}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (* -0.3333333333333333 (* (/ l t) (/ l (* k k)))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return -0.3333333333333333 * ((l / t) * (l / (k * k)));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = (-0.3333333333333333d0) * ((l / t) * (l / (k * k)))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return -0.3333333333333333 * ((l / t) * (l / (k * k)));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return -0.3333333333333333 * ((l / t) * (l / (k * k)))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(-0.3333333333333333 * Float64(Float64(l / t) * Float64(l / Float64(k * k))))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = -0.3333333333333333 * ((l / t) * (l / (k * k)));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(-0.3333333333333333 * N[(N[(l / t), $MachinePrecision] * N[(l / N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k \cdot k}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 32.2%

    \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*31.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1}} \]
    2. *-commutative31.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\sin k \cdot \frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1} \]
    3. associate-/r*36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\left(\sin k \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1} \]
    4. associate-*r/37.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin k \cdot \frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1} \]
    5. associate-/l*36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1} \]
    6. +-commutative36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)} - 1} \]
    7. unpow236.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{k}{t} \cdot \frac{k}{t}} + 1\right) - 1} \]
    8. sqr-neg36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{k}{t}\right) \cdot \left(-\frac{k}{t}\right)} + 1\right) - 1} \]
    9. distribute-frac-neg36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-k}{t}} \cdot \left(-\frac{k}{t}\right) + 1\right) - 1} \]
    10. distribute-frac-neg36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\frac{-k}{t} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-k}{t}} + 1\right) - 1} \]
    11. unpow236.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{-k}{t}\right)}^{2}} + 1\right) - 1} \]
    12. associate--l+49.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{-k}{t}\right)}^{2} + \left(1 - 1\right)}} \]
    13. metadata-eval49.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{{\left(\frac{-k}{t}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{0}} \]
    14. +-rgt-identity49.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{-k}{t}\right)}^{2}}} \]
    15. unpow249.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{\frac{-k}{t} \cdot \frac{-k}{t}}} \]
    16. distribute-frac-neg49.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{k}{t}\right)} \cdot \frac{-k}{t}} \]
  3. Simplified49.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in k around 0 35.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t} + 2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. fma-def35.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t}, 2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}\right)} \]
    2. unpow235.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t}, 2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}\right) \]
    3. unpow235.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t}, 2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}\right) \]
    4. unpow235.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot t}, 2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}\right) \]
    5. *-commutative35.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot t}, 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}}\right) \]
  6. Simplified35.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot t}, 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}\right)} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in k around inf 31.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow231.0%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t} \]
    2. associate-*r*31.1%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/31.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot {\ell}^{2}}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}} \]
    4. *-commutative31.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot {\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot k}} \]
    5. times-frac31.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{k \cdot t} \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{k}} \]
    6. unpow231.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{k \cdot t} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{k} \]
  9. Simplified31.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{k \cdot t} \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{k}} \]
  10. Taylor expanded in k around 0 31.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow231.0%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t} \]
    2. associate-*r*31.1%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative31.1%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot k}} \]
    4. associate-/r*31.2%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{k \cdot t}}{k}} \]
    5. unpow231.2%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{k \cdot t}}{k} \]
  12. Simplified31.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{k \cdot t}}{k}} \]
  13. Taylor expanded in l around 0 31.0%

    \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t}} \]
  14. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow231.0%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t} \]
    2. times-frac31.8%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell}{{k}^{2}} \cdot \frac{\ell}{t}\right)} \]
    3. unpow231.8%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(\frac{\ell}{\color{blue}{k \cdot k}} \cdot \frac{\ell}{t}\right) \]
  15. Simplified31.8%

    \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\ell}{k \cdot k} \cdot \frac{\ell}{t}\right)} \]
  16. Final simplification31.8%

    \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(\frac{\ell}{t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k \cdot k}\right) \]

Alternative 8: 34.1% accurate, 38.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{k}}} \cdot -0.3333333333333333 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ (/ l k) (/ t (/ l k))) -0.3333333333333333))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return ((l / k) / (t / (l / k))) * -0.3333333333333333;
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = ((l / k) / (t / (l / k))) * (-0.3333333333333333d0)
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return ((l / k) / (t / (l / k))) * -0.3333333333333333;
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return ((l / k) / (t / (l / k))) * -0.3333333333333333
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(l / k) / Float64(t / Float64(l / k))) * -0.3333333333333333)
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = ((l / k) / (t / (l / k))) * -0.3333333333333333;
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(N[(N[(l / k), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t / N[(l / k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{k}}} \cdot -0.3333333333333333
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 32.2%

    \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*31.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1}} \]
    2. *-commutative31.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\sin k \cdot \frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1} \]
    3. associate-/r*36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\left(\sin k \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1} \]
    4. associate-*r/37.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin k \cdot \frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1} \]
    5. associate-/l*36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1} \]
    6. +-commutative36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)} - 1} \]
    7. unpow236.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{k}{t} \cdot \frac{k}{t}} + 1\right) - 1} \]
    8. sqr-neg36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{k}{t}\right) \cdot \left(-\frac{k}{t}\right)} + 1\right) - 1} \]
    9. distribute-frac-neg36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-k}{t}} \cdot \left(-\frac{k}{t}\right) + 1\right) - 1} \]
    10. distribute-frac-neg36.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\frac{-k}{t} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-k}{t}} + 1\right) - 1} \]
    11. unpow236.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{-k}{t}\right)}^{2}} + 1\right) - 1} \]
    12. associate--l+49.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{-k}{t}\right)}^{2} + \left(1 - 1\right)}} \]
    13. metadata-eval49.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{{\left(\frac{-k}{t}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{0}} \]
    14. +-rgt-identity49.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{-k}{t}\right)}^{2}}} \]
    15. unpow249.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{\frac{-k}{t} \cdot \frac{-k}{t}}} \]
    16. distribute-frac-neg49.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{\color{blue}{\left(-\frac{k}{t}\right)} \cdot \frac{-k}{t}} \]
  3. Simplified49.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2}{\frac{\sin k}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell}}} \cdot \tan k}}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in k around 0 35.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t} + 2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. fma-def35.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t}, 2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}\right)} \]
    2. unpow235.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t}, 2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}\right) \]
    3. unpow235.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t}, 2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}\right) \]
    4. unpow235.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot t}, 2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}\right) \]
    5. *-commutative35.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot t}, 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}}\right) \]
  6. Simplified35.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot t}, 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}\right)} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in k around inf 31.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow231.0%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t} \]
    2. associate-*r*31.1%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/31.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot {\ell}^{2}}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}} \]
    4. *-commutative31.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot {\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot k}} \]
    5. times-frac31.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{k \cdot t} \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{k}} \]
    6. unpow231.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{k \cdot t} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{k} \]
  9. Simplified31.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{k \cdot t} \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{k}} \]
  10. Taylor expanded in k around 0 31.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow231.0%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot t} \]
    2. associate-*r*31.1%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative31.1%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot k}} \]
    4. associate-/r*31.2%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{k \cdot t}}{k}} \]
    5. unpow231.2%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{k \cdot t}}{k} \]
  12. Simplified31.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{k \cdot t}}{k}} \]
  13. Taylor expanded in l around 0 31.0%

    \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{2} \cdot t}} \]
  14. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative31.0%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{2}}} \]
    2. associate-/r*31.0%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{t}}{{k}^{2}}} \]
    3. unpow231.0%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{t}}{\color{blue}{k \cdot k}} \]
    4. associate-/l/31.3%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{{\ell}^{2}}{t}}{k}}{k}} \]
    5. unpow231.3%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}{t}}{k}}{k} \]
    6. associate-*r/31.9%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{\ell}{t}}}{k}}{k} \]
    7. associate-*l/32.3%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{k} \cdot \frac{\ell}{t}}}{k} \]
    8. associate-/l*32.3%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\frac{k}{\frac{\ell}{t}}}} \]
    9. associate-/l*32.1%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\color{blue}{\frac{k \cdot t}{\ell}}} \]
    10. *-commutative32.1%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot k}}{\ell}} \]
    11. associate-/l*32.4%

      \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{k}}}} \]
  15. Simplified32.4%

    \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{k}}}} \]
  16. Final simplification32.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{\frac{t}{\frac{\ell}{k}}} \cdot -0.3333333333333333 \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023292 
(FPCore (t l k)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10-)"
  :precision binary64
  (/ 2.0 (* (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k)) (- (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))