Trowbridge-Reitz Sample, near normal, slope_y

Percentage Accurate: 98.4% → 98.4%

Time: 16.8s

Alternatives: 12

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

\[\left(\left(cosTheta_i > 0.9999 \land cosTheta_i \leq 1\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u1 \land u1 \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u2 \land u2 \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (sin (* 6.28318530718 u2))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * sinf((6.28318530718f * u2));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * sin((6.28318530718e0 * u2))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * sin(Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * u2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * sin((single(6.28318530718) * u2));
end

Initial Program: 98.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (sin (* 6.28318530718 u2))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * sinf((6.28318530718f * u2));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * sin((6.28318530718e0 * u2))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * sin(Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * u2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * sin((single(6.28318530718) * u2));
end

Alternative 1: 98.4% accurate, 0.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (sin (sqrt (* u2 (* u2 39.47841760436263))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * sinf(sqrtf((u2 * (u2 * 39.47841760436263f))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * sin(sqrt((u2 * (u2 * 39.47841760436263e0))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * sin(sqrt(Float32(u2 * Float32(u2 * Float32(39.47841760436263))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * sin(sqrt((u2 * (u2 * single(39.47841760436263)))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.4%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2}\right)} \]

   2. pow1/2 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\color{blue}{{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2}\right) \]

   3. pow1/2 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5}}\right) \]

   4. pow-prod-down 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right)} \]

   5. swap-sqr 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\color{blue}{\left(\left(6.28318530718 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}}^{0.5}\right) \]

   6. metadata-eval 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\left(\color{blue}{39.47841760436263} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right) \]

3. Applied egg-rr 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left({\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow1/2 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)}\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263}}\right) \]

   3. associate-*l* 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}}\right) \]

5. Simplified 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}\right)} \]

6. Final simplification 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}\right) \]

Alternative 2: 94.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u2 \cdot 6.28318530718 \leq 0.002950000111013651:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1 + u1 \cdot u1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= (* u2 6.28318530718) 0.002950000111013651)
   (sqrt (* (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1)) (* u2 (* u2 39.47841760436263))))
   (* (sin (* u2 6.28318530718)) (sqrt (+ u1 (* u1 u1))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	float tmp;
	if ((u2 * 6.28318530718f) <= 0.002950000111013651f) {
		tmp = sqrtf(((u1 / (1.0f - u1)) * (u2 * (u2 * 39.47841760436263f))));
	} else {
		tmp = sinf((u2 * 6.28318530718f)) * sqrtf((u1 + (u1 * u1)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    real(4) :: tmp
    if ((u2 * 6.28318530718e0) <= 0.002950000111013651e0) then
        tmp = sqrt(((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1)) * (u2 * (u2 * 39.47841760436263e0))))
    else
        tmp = sin((u2 * 6.28318530718e0)) * sqrt((u1 + (u1 * u1)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(u2 * Float32(6.28318530718)) <= Float32(0.002950000111013651))
		tmp = sqrt(Float32(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1)) * Float32(u2 * Float32(u2 * Float32(39.47841760436263)))));
	else
		tmp = Float32(sin(Float32(u2 * Float32(6.28318530718))) * sqrt(Float32(u1 + Float32(u1 * u1))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if ((u2 * single(6.28318530718)) <= single(0.002950000111013651))
		tmp = sqrt(((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1)) * (u2 * (u2 * single(39.47841760436263)))));
	else
		tmp = sin((u2 * single(6.28318530718))) * sqrt((u1 + (u1 * u1)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 314159265359/50000000000 u2) < 0.00295000011

   1. Initial program 98.8%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. add-sqr-sqrt 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}} \]

      2. pow1/2 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)} \]

      3. pow1/2 97.8%

         \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \]

      4. pow-prod-down 98.8%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \]

      5. swap-sqr 98.5%

         \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)}}^{0.5} \]

      6. add-sqr-sqrt 98.7%

         \[\leadsto {\left(\color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \left(\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)}^{0.5} \]

      7. pow2 98.7%

         \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{{\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{0.5} \]

   3. Applied egg-rr 98.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow1/2 98.7%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}}} \]

   5. Simplified 98.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. add-sqr-sqrt 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2}\right)} \]

      2. pow1/2 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\color{blue}{{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2}\right) \]

      3. pow1/2 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5}}\right) \]

      4. pow-prod-down 98.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right)} \]

      5. swap-sqr 98.5%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\color{blue}{\left(\left(6.28318530718 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}}^{0.5}\right) \]

      6. metadata-eval 98.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\left(\color{blue}{39.47841760436263} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right) \]

   7. Applied egg-rr 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \color{blue}{\left({\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right)}}^{2}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow1/2 98.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)}\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative 98.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263}}\right) \]

      3. associate-*l* 98.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Simplified 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}\right)}}^{2}} \]

   10. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 98.3%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot {u2}^{2}\right)}} \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. *-commutative 98.3%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({u2}^{2} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

       2. unpow2 98.3%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot u2\right)} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

       3. associate-*r* 98.4%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)}} \]

   12. Simplified 98.4%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)}} \]

   if 0.00295000011 < (*.f32 314159265359/50000000000 u2)

   1. Initial program 97.5%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. clear-num 97.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      2. inv-pow 97.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1 - u1}{u1}\right)}^{-1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      3. div-sub 97.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{u1}{u1}\right)}}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      4. pow1 97.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{\color{blue}{{u1}^{1}}}{u1}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      5. pow1 97.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{{u1}^{1}}{\color{blue}{{u1}^{1}}}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      6. pow-div 97.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \color{blue}{{u1}^{\left(1 - 1\right)}}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      7. metadata-eval 97.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - {u1}^{\color{blue}{0}}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      8. metadata-eval 97.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. Applied egg-rr 97.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - 1\right)}^{-1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow-1 97.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} - 1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      2. sub-neg 97.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-1\right)}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

      3. metadata-eval 97.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + \color{blue}{-1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   5. Simplified 97.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   6. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 89.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 + {u1}^{2}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow2 89.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1 + \color{blue}{u1 \cdot u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   8. Simplified 89.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 + u1 \cdot u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 95.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u2 \cdot 6.28318530718 \leq 0.002950000111013651:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1 + u1 \cdot u1}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3: 98.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (/ 1.0 (+ (/ 1.0 u1) -1.0))) (sin (* u2 6.28318530718))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((1.0f / ((1.0f / u1) + -1.0f))) * sinf((u2 * 6.28318530718f));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((1.0e0 / ((1.0e0 / u1) + (-1.0e0)))) * sin((u2 * 6.28318530718e0))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / u1) + Float32(-1.0)))) * sin(Float32(u2 * Float32(6.28318530718))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((single(1.0) / ((single(1.0) / u1) + single(-1.0)))) * sin((u2 * single(6.28318530718)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.4%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. clear-num 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. inv-pow 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1 - u1}{u1}\right)}^{-1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. div-sub 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{u1}{u1}\right)}}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. pow1 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{\color{blue}{{u1}^{1}}}{u1}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   5. pow1 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{{u1}^{1}}{\color{blue}{{u1}^{1}}}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   6. pow-div 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \color{blue}{{u1}^{\left(1 - 1\right)}}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   7. metadata-eval 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - {u1}^{\color{blue}{0}}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   8. metadata-eval 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

3. Applied egg-rr 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - 1\right)}^{-1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow-1 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} - 1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. sub-neg 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-1\right)}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + \color{blue}{-1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

5. Simplified 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

6. Final simplification 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \]

Alternative 4: 90.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u2 \cdot 6.28318530718 \leq 0.005799999926239252:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= (* u2 6.28318530718) 0.005799999926239252)
   (sqrt (* (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1)) (* u2 (* u2 39.47841760436263))))
   (* (sin (* u2 6.28318530718)) (sqrt u1))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	float tmp;
	if ((u2 * 6.28318530718f) <= 0.005799999926239252f) {
		tmp = sqrtf(((u1 / (1.0f - u1)) * (u2 * (u2 * 39.47841760436263f))));
	} else {
		tmp = sinf((u2 * 6.28318530718f)) * sqrtf(u1);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    real(4) :: tmp
    if ((u2 * 6.28318530718e0) <= 0.005799999926239252e0) then
        tmp = sqrt(((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1)) * (u2 * (u2 * 39.47841760436263e0))))
    else
        tmp = sin((u2 * 6.28318530718e0)) * sqrt(u1)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(u2 * Float32(6.28318530718)) <= Float32(0.005799999926239252))
		tmp = sqrt(Float32(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1)) * Float32(u2 * Float32(u2 * Float32(39.47841760436263)))));
	else
		tmp = Float32(sin(Float32(u2 * Float32(6.28318530718))) * sqrt(u1));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if ((u2 * single(6.28318530718)) <= single(0.005799999926239252))
		tmp = sqrt(((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1)) * (u2 * (u2 * single(39.47841760436263)))));
	else
		tmp = sin((u2 * single(6.28318530718))) * sqrt(u1);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 314159265359/50000000000 u2) < 0.00579999993

   1. Initial program 98.8%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. add-sqr-sqrt 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}} \]

      2. pow1/2 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)} \]

      3. pow1/2 97.8%

         \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \]

      4. pow-prod-down 98.8%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \]

      5. swap-sqr 98.5%

         \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)}}^{0.5} \]

      6. add-sqr-sqrt 98.7%

         \[\leadsto {\left(\color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \left(\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)}^{0.5} \]

      7. pow2 98.7%

         \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{{\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{0.5} \]

   3. Applied egg-rr 98.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow1/2 98.7%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}}} \]

   5. Simplified 98.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. add-sqr-sqrt 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2}\right)} \]

      2. pow1/2 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\color{blue}{{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2}\right) \]

      3. pow1/2 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5}}\right) \]

      4. pow-prod-down 98.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right)} \]

      5. swap-sqr 98.5%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\color{blue}{\left(\left(6.28318530718 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}}^{0.5}\right) \]

      6. metadata-eval 98.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\left(\color{blue}{39.47841760436263} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right) \]

   7. Applied egg-rr 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \color{blue}{\left({\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right)}}^{2}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow1/2 98.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)}\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative 98.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263}}\right) \]

      3. associate-*l* 98.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Simplified 98.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}\right)}}^{2}} \]

   10. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 97.7%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot {u2}^{2}\right)}} \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. *-commutative 97.7%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({u2}^{2} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

       2. unpow2 97.7%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot u2\right)} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

       3. associate-*r* 97.8%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)}} \]

   12. Simplified 97.8%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)}} \]

   if 0.00579999993 < (*.f32 314159265359/50000000000 u2)

   1. Initial program 97.4%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 78.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 92.1%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u2 \cdot 6.28318530718 \leq 0.005799999926239252:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 98.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (sin (* u2 6.28318530718))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * sinf((u2 * 6.28318530718f));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * sin((u2 * 6.28318530718e0))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * sin(Float32(u2 * Float32(6.28318530718))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * sin((u2 * single(6.28318530718)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.4%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Final simplification 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \]

Alternative 6: 81.7% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (sqrt (* 39.47841760436263 (* (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1)) (* u2 u2)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((39.47841760436263f * ((u1 / (1.0f - u1)) * (u2 * u2))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((39.47841760436263e0 * ((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1)) * (u2 * u2))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return sqrt(Float32(Float32(39.47841760436263) * Float32(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1)) * Float32(u2 * u2))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((single(39.47841760436263) * ((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1)) * (u2 * u2))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.4%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 93.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}} \]

   2. pow1/2 93.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)} \]

   3. pow1/2 93.8%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \]

   4. pow-prod-down 94.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \]

   5. swap-sqr 94.6%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)}}^{0.5} \]

   6. add-sqr-sqrt 94.8%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \left(\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)}^{0.5} \]

   7. pow2 94.8%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{{\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{0.5} \]

3. Applied egg-rr 94.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow1/2 94.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}}} \]

5. Simplified 94.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}}} \]

6. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 82.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263 \cdot \frac{u1 \cdot {u2}^{2}}{1 - u1}}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 82.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \frac{u1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot u2\right)}}{1 - u1}} \]

   2. associate-*l/ 82.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}} \]

8. Simplified 82.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}} \]

9. Final simplification 82.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

Alternative 7: 81.6% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (sqrt (* (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1)) (* u2 (* u2 39.47841760436263)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(((u1 / (1.0f - u1)) * (u2 * (u2 * 39.47841760436263f))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt(((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1)) * (u2 * (u2 * 39.47841760436263e0))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return sqrt(Float32(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1)) * Float32(u2 * Float32(u2 * Float32(39.47841760436263)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt(((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1)) * (u2 * (u2 * single(39.47841760436263)))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.4%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 93.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}} \]

   2. pow1/2 93.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)} \]

   3. pow1/2 93.8%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \]

   4. pow-prod-down 94.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \]

   5. swap-sqr 94.6%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)}}^{0.5} \]

   6. add-sqr-sqrt 94.8%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \left(\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)\right)}^{0.5} \]

   7. pow2 94.8%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{{\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{0.5} \]

3. Applied egg-rr 94.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}\right)}^{0.5}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow1/2 94.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}}} \]

5. Simplified 94.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{2}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2}\right)} \]

   2. pow1/2 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\color{blue}{{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2}\right) \]

   3. pow1/2 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5}}\right) \]

   4. pow-prod-down 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right)} \]

   5. swap-sqr 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\color{blue}{\left(\left(6.28318530718 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}}^{0.5}\right) \]

   6. metadata-eval 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\left(\color{blue}{39.47841760436263} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right) \]

7. Applied egg-rr 94.8%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \color{blue}{\left({\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right)}}^{2}} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow1/2 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)}\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263}}\right) \]

   3. associate-*l* 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}}\right) \]

9. Simplified 94.8%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot {\sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}\right)}}^{2}} \]

10. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 82.2%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot {u2}^{2}\right)}} \]
11. Step-by-step derivation

    1. *-commutative 82.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({u2}^{2} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

    2. unpow2 82.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot u2\right)} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

    3. associate-*r* 82.3%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)}} \]

12. Simplified 82.3%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)}} \]

13. Final simplification 82.3%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)} \]

Alternative 8: 72.9% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1 + u1 \cdot u1}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* 6.28318530718 (* u2 (sqrt (+ u1 (* u1 u1))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return 6.28318530718f * (u2 * sqrtf((u1 + (u1 * u1))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = 6.28318530718e0 * (u2 * sqrt((u1 + (u1 * u1))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * Float32(u2 * sqrt(Float32(u1 + Float32(u1 * u1)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(6.28318530718) * (u2 * sqrt((u1 + (u1 * u1))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.4%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 81.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot u2\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. flip-- 81.9%

      \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - u1 \cdot u1}{1 + u1}}}} \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. associate-/r/ 81.9%

      \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 \cdot 1 - u1 \cdot u1} \cdot \left(1 + u1\right)}} \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval 81.9%

      \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{\color{blue}{1} - u1 \cdot u1} \cdot \left(1 + u1\right)} \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. +-commutative 81.9%

      \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1 \cdot u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u1 + 1\right)}} \cdot u2\right) \]

4. Applied egg-rr 81.9%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 - u1 \cdot u1} \cdot \left(u1 + 1\right)}} \cdot u2\right) \]

5. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 73.2%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 + {u1}^{2}}} \cdot u2\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 73.2%

      \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{u1 + \color{blue}{u1 \cdot u1}} \cdot u2\right) \]

7. Simplified 73.2%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 + u1 \cdot u1}} \cdot u2\right) \]

8. Final simplification 73.2%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1 + u1 \cdot u1}\right) \]

Alternative 9: 81.3% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* 6.28318530718 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) u2)))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return 6.28318530718f * (sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * u2);
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = 6.28318530718e0 * (sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * u2)
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * u2))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(6.28318530718) * (sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * u2);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.4%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 81.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot u2\right)} \]

3. Final simplification 81.9%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot u2\right) \]

Alternative 10: 81.3% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (* u2 6.28318530718)))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * (u2 * 6.28318530718f);
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * (u2 * 6.28318530718e0)
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * Float32(u2 * Float32(6.28318530718)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * (u2 * single(6.28318530718));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.4%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 82.1%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)} \]

3. Final simplification 82.1%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \]

Alternative 11: 64.5% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* 6.28318530718 (* u2 (sqrt u1))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return 6.28318530718f * (u2 * sqrtf(u1));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = 6.28318530718e0 * (u2 * sqrt(u1))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * Float32(u2 * sqrt(u1)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(6.28318530718) * (u2 * sqrt(u1));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.4%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 81.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot u2\right)} \]

3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 64.8%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{u1}} \cdot u2\right) \]

4. Final simplification 64.8%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right) \]

Alternative 12: 64.5% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ u2 \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* u2 (* 6.28318530718 (sqrt u1))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return u2 * (6.28318530718f * sqrtf(u1));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = u2 * (6.28318530718e0 * sqrt(u1))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(u2 * Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * sqrt(u1)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = u2 * (single(6.28318530718) * sqrt(u1));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.4%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 75.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

3. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 64.8%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)} \]

4. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 64.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot u2\right)} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*r* 64.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right) \cdot u2} \]

   2. *-commutative 64.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u2 \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)} \]

6. Simplified 64.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u2 \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)} \]

7. Final simplification 64.8%

   \[\leadsto u2 \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right) \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023287 
(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
  :name "Trowbridge-Reitz Sample, near normal, slope_y"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (> cosTheta_i 0.9999) (<= cosTheta_i 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u1) (<= u1 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u2) (<= u2 1.0)))
  (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (sin (* 6.28318530718 u2))))