Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 25.1% → 93.5%
Time: 1.8min
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 2485.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t_0\\ t_2 := \cos t_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t_1\right) \cdot t_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_3 \cdot t_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale))
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	return Float64(Float64(t_3 * t_3) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	tmp = (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$3 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t_0\\
t_2 := \cos t_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t_1\right) \cdot t_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_3 \cdot t_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 25.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t_0\\ t_2 := \cos t_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t_1\right) \cdot t_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_3 \cdot t_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale))
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	return Float64(Float64(t_3 * t_3) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	tmp = (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$3 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t_0\\
t_2 := \cos t_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t_1\right) \cdot t_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_3 \cdot t_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 93.5% accurate, 22.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 1.2 \cdot 10^{-178}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot {\left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot \frac{x-scale}{b}}\right)}^{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot t_0\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ a x-scale) (/ b y-scale))))
   (if (<= y-scale 1.2e-178)
     (* -4.0 (pow (/ a (* y-scale (/ x-scale b))) 2.0))
     (* -4.0 (* t_0 t_0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (a / x_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale);
	double tmp;
	if (y_45_scale <= 1.2e-178) {
		tmp = -4.0 * pow((a / (y_45_scale * (x_45_scale / b))), 2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (a / x_45scale) * (b / y_45scale)
    if (y_45scale <= 1.2d-178) then
        tmp = (-4.0d0) * ((a / (y_45scale * (x_45scale / b))) ** 2.0d0)
    else
        tmp = (-4.0d0) * (t_0 * t_0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (a / x_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale);
	double tmp;
	if (y_45_scale <= 1.2e-178) {
		tmp = -4.0 * Math.pow((a / (y_45_scale * (x_45_scale / b))), 2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (a / x_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale)
	tmp = 0
	if y_45_scale <= 1.2e-178:
		tmp = -4.0 * math.pow((a / (y_45_scale * (x_45_scale / b))), 2.0)
	else:
		tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0)
	return tmp
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * Float64(b / y_45_scale))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (y_45_scale <= 1.2e-178)
		tmp = Float64(-4.0 * (Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * Float64(x_45_scale / b))) ^ 2.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(-4.0 * Float64(t_0 * t_0));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (a / x_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (y_45_scale <= 1.2e-178)
		tmp = -4.0 * ((a / (y_45_scale * (x_45_scale / b))) ^ 2.0);
	else
		tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y$45$scale, 1.2e-178], N[(-4.0 * N[Power[N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * N[(x$45$scale / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(-4.0 * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\\
\mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 1.2 \cdot 10^{-178}:\\
\;\;\;\;-4 \cdot {\left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot \frac{x-scale}{b}}\right)}^{2}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot t_0\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if y-scale < 1.20000000000000002e-178

    1. Initial program 17.7%

      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Simplified13.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 40.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. times-frac38.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
        2. unpow238.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
        3. unpow238.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
        4. unpow238.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
        5. unpow238.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
      4. Simplified38.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. add-sqr-sqrt38.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right)} \]
        2. pow238.6%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right)}^{2}} \]
        3. times-frac51.8%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right)}^{2} \]
        4. pow251.8%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right)}^{2} \]
        5. times-frac67.5%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}}\right)}^{2} \]
        6. pow267.5%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \]
      6. Applied egg-rr67.5%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{2}} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. pow1/267.5%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left({\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{0.5}\right)}}^{2} \]
        2. pow-prod-down93.1%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left({\color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right)}}^{0.5}\right)}^{2} \]
        3. pow-pow93.1%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}^{2} \]
        4. metadata-eval93.1%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{\color{blue}{1}}\right)}^{2} \]
        5. pow193.1%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
        6. frac-times94.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
        7. *-commutative94.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
        8. frac-times99.0%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
        9. clear-num98.9%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{x-scale}{b}}} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
        10. frac-times98.3%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 \cdot a}{\frac{x-scale}{b} \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
        11. *-un-lft-identity98.3%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{a}}{\frac{x-scale}{b} \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
      8. Applied egg-rr98.3%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{b} \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]

      if 1.20000000000000002e-178 < y-scale

      1. Initial program 36.6%

        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Simplified29.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 47.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutative47.9%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          2. times-frac49.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          3. unpow249.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          4. unpow249.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          5. times-frac64.9%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          6. unpow264.9%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          7. unpow264.9%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
        4. Simplified64.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. times-frac79.2%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
        6. Applied egg-rr79.2%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unswap-sqr94.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)\right)} \]
          2. pow294.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}} \]
          3. frac-times88.3%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
          4. *-commutative88.3%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot b}}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
          5. frac-times97.8%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
          6. pow-prod-down77.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
          7. pow277.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right) \]
          8. unpow277.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
          9. times-frac60.3%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
          10. associate-*r/59.3%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
          11. frac-times59.5%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
        8. Applied egg-rr59.5%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. times-frac59.3%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
          2. associate-*r/60.3%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
          3. frac-times77.4%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
          4. unswap-sqr97.8%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)\right)} \]
        10. Applied egg-rr97.8%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)\right)} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification98.1%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 1.2 \cdot 10^{-178}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot {\left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot \frac{x-scale}{b}}\right)}^{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

      Alternative 2: 75.6% accurate, 130.4× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+83}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{a}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= a 6e+83)
         (* -4.0 (* (* b (/ a (/ x-scale a))) (/ b (* y-scale (* y-scale x-scale)))))
         (*
          -4.0
          (* (* (/ a x-scale) (/ a x-scale)) (* (/ b y-scale) (/ b y-scale))))))
      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (a <= 6e+83) {
      		tmp = -4.0 * ((b * (a / (x_45_scale / a))) * (b / (y_45_scale * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = -4.0 * (((a / x_45_scale) * (a / x_45_scale)) * ((b / y_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale)));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
          real(8) :: tmp
          if (a <= 6d+83) then
              tmp = (-4.0d0) * ((b * (a / (x_45scale / a))) * (b / (y_45scale * (y_45scale * x_45scale))))
          else
              tmp = (-4.0d0) * (((a / x_45scale) * (a / x_45scale)) * ((b / y_45scale) * (b / y_45scale)))
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (a <= 6e+83) {
      		tmp = -4.0 * ((b * (a / (x_45_scale / a))) * (b / (y_45_scale * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = -4.0 * (((a / x_45_scale) * (a / x_45_scale)) * ((b / y_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale)));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
      	tmp = 0
      	if a <= 6e+83:
      		tmp = -4.0 * ((b * (a / (x_45_scale / a))) * (b / (y_45_scale * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))))
      	else:
      		tmp = -4.0 * (((a / x_45_scale) * (a / x_45_scale)) * ((b / y_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale)))
      	return tmp
      
      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (a <= 6e+83)
      		tmp = Float64(-4.0 * Float64(Float64(b * Float64(a / Float64(x_45_scale / a))) * Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(-4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * Float64(a / x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(b / y_45_scale) * Float64(b / y_45_scale))));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (a <= 6e+83)
      		tmp = -4.0 * ((b * (a / (x_45_scale / a))) * (b / (y_45_scale * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
      	else
      		tmp = -4.0 * (((a / x_45_scale) * (a / x_45_scale)) * ((b / y_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale)));
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[a, 6e+83], N[(-4.0 * N[(N[(b * N[(a / N[(x$45$scale / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(-4.0 * N[(N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(b / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+83}:\\
      \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{a}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)\right)\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if a < 5.9999999999999999e83

        1. Initial program 30.0%

          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Simplified24.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 47.3%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutative47.3%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            2. times-frac47.3%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            3. unpow247.3%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            4. unpow247.3%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            5. times-frac62.5%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            6. unpow262.5%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            7. unpow262.5%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
          4. Simplified62.5%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. times-frac80.3%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
          6. Applied egg-rr80.3%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. unswap-sqr97.7%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)\right)} \]
            2. pow297.7%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}} \]
            3. frac-times93.6%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
            4. *-commutative93.6%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot b}}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
            5. frac-times95.5%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
            6. pow-prod-down70.3%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
            7. pow270.3%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right) \]
            8. unpow270.3%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
            9. times-frac55.4%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
            10. associate-*r/53.9%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
            11. frac-times58.3%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
          8. Applied egg-rr58.3%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
          9. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate-*r*63.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b}}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \]
            2. *-un-lft-identity63.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}} \]
            3. times-frac64.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{1} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right)} \]
            4. associate-*l/59.7%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}} \cdot b}{1} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right) \]
          10. Applied egg-rr59.7%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale} \cdot b}{1} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right)} \]
          11. Step-by-step derivation
            1. /-rgt-identity59.7%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale} \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right) \]
            2. *-commutative59.7%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right) \]
            3. associate-/l*64.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{a}}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right) \]
            4. associate-*r*71.2%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{a}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
          12. Simplified71.2%

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{a}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]

          if 5.9999999999999999e83 < a

          1. Initial program 6.6%

            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Simplified2.4%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \]
            2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 24.7%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. times-frac29.1%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
              2. unpow229.1%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
              3. unpow229.1%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
              4. unpow229.1%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
              5. unpow229.1%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
            4. Simplified29.1%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
            5. Step-by-step derivation
              1. times-frac56.0%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
            6. Applied egg-rr56.0%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. times-frac78.6%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
            8. Applied egg-rr78.6%

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
          3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          4. Final simplification72.5%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+83}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{a}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

          Alternative 3: 94.0% accurate, 130.4× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\\ t_1 := \frac{a}{\frac{y-scale \cdot x-scale}{b}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-178}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(t_1 \cdot t_1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot t_0\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_0 (* (/ a x-scale) (/ b y-scale)))
                  (t_1 (/ a (/ (* y-scale x-scale) b))))
             (if (<= y-scale 2e-178) (* -4.0 (* t_1 t_1)) (* -4.0 (* t_0 t_0)))))
          double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
          	double t_0 = (a / x_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale);
          	double t_1 = a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) / b);
          	double tmp;
          	if (y_45_scale <= 2e-178) {
          		tmp = -4.0 * (t_1 * t_1);
          	} else {
          		tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
              real(8), intent (in) :: a
              real(8), intent (in) :: b
              real(8), intent (in) :: angle
              real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
              real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
              real(8) :: t_0
              real(8) :: t_1
              real(8) :: tmp
              t_0 = (a / x_45scale) * (b / y_45scale)
              t_1 = a / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) / b)
              if (y_45scale <= 2d-178) then
                  tmp = (-4.0d0) * (t_1 * t_1)
              else
                  tmp = (-4.0d0) * (t_0 * t_0)
              end if
              code = tmp
          end function
          
          public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
          	double t_0 = (a / x_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale);
          	double t_1 = a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) / b);
          	double tmp;
          	if (y_45_scale <= 2e-178) {
          		tmp = -4.0 * (t_1 * t_1);
          	} else {
          		tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
          	t_0 = (a / x_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale)
          	t_1 = a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) / b)
          	tmp = 0
          	if y_45_scale <= 2e-178:
          		tmp = -4.0 * (t_1 * t_1)
          	else:
          		tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0)
          	return tmp
          
          function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
          	t_0 = Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * Float64(b / y_45_scale))
          	t_1 = Float64(a / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) / b))
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (y_45_scale <= 2e-178)
          		tmp = Float64(-4.0 * Float64(t_1 * t_1));
          	else
          		tmp = Float64(-4.0 * Float64(t_0 * t_0));
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
          	t_0 = (a / x_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale);
          	t_1 = a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) / b);
          	tmp = 0.0;
          	if (y_45_scale <= 2e-178)
          		tmp = -4.0 * (t_1 * t_1);
          	else
          		tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
          	end
          	tmp_2 = tmp;
          end
          
          code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(a / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y$45$scale, 2e-178], N[(-4.0 * N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(-4.0 * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_0 := \frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\\
          t_1 := \frac{a}{\frac{y-scale \cdot x-scale}{b}}\\
          \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-178}:\\
          \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(t_1 \cdot t_1\right)\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot t_0\right)\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if y-scale < 1.9999999999999999e-178

            1. Initial program 17.7%

              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Simplified13.3%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \]
              2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 40.0%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. times-frac38.6%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                2. unpow238.6%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                3. unpow238.6%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                4. unpow238.6%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                5. unpow238.6%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
              4. Simplified38.6%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
              5. Step-by-step derivation
                1. add-sqr-sqrt38.6%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right)} \]
                2. pow238.6%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right)}^{2}} \]
                3. times-frac51.8%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right)}^{2} \]
                4. pow251.8%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right)}^{2} \]
                5. times-frac67.5%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}}\right)}^{2} \]
                6. pow267.5%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\sqrt{{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}}\right)}^{2} \]
              6. Applied egg-rr67.5%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{2}} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. pow1/267.5%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left({\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{0.5}\right)}}^{2} \]
                2. pow-prod-down93.1%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left({\color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right)}}^{0.5}\right)}^{2} \]
                3. pow-pow93.1%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{\left(2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}^{2} \]
                4. metadata-eval93.1%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{\color{blue}{1}}\right)}^{2} \]
                5. pow193.1%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
                6. frac-times94.9%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
                7. *-commutative94.9%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
                8. frac-times99.0%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
                9. clear-num98.9%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{x-scale}{b}}} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
                10. frac-times98.3%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 \cdot a}{\frac{x-scale}{b} \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
                11. *-un-lft-identity98.3%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{a}}{\frac{x-scale}{b} \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
              8. Applied egg-rr98.3%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{b} \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
              9. Step-by-step derivation
                1. unpow298.3%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{b} \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{b} \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
                2. associate-*l/95.9%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{\color{blue}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{b}}} \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{b} \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
                3. associate-*l/95.8%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{b}} \cdot \frac{a}{\color{blue}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{b}}}\right) \]
              10. Applied egg-rr95.8%

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{b}} \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale \cdot y-scale}{b}}\right)} \]

              if 1.9999999999999999e-178 < y-scale

              1. Initial program 36.6%

                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Simplified29.5%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \]
                2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 47.9%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutative47.9%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  2. times-frac49.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                  3. unpow249.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  4. unpow249.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  5. times-frac64.9%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  6. unpow264.9%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  7. unpow264.9%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                4. Simplified64.9%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
                5. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. times-frac79.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
                6. Applied egg-rr79.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. unswap-sqr94.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)\right)} \]
                  2. pow294.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}} \]
                  3. frac-times88.3%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
                  4. *-commutative88.3%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot b}}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
                  5. frac-times97.8%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
                  6. pow-prod-down77.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
                  7. pow277.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right) \]
                  8. unpow277.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
                  9. times-frac60.3%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                  10. associate-*r/59.3%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
                  11. frac-times59.5%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
                8. Applied egg-rr59.5%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
                9. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. times-frac59.3%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
                  2. associate-*r/60.3%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
                  3. frac-times77.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
                  4. unswap-sqr97.8%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)\right)} \]
                10. Applied egg-rr97.8%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)\right)} \]
              3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
              4. Final simplification96.7%

                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-178}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{\frac{y-scale \cdot x-scale}{b}} \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{y-scale \cdot x-scale}{b}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

              Alternative 4: 74.0% accurate, 146.2× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{a}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
               :precision binary64
               (* -4.0 (* (* b (/ a (/ x-scale a))) (/ b (* y-scale (* y-scale x-scale))))))
              double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
              	return -4.0 * ((b * (a / (x_45_scale / a))) * (b / (y_45_scale * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
              }
              
              real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                  code = (-4.0d0) * ((b * (a / (x_45scale / a))) * (b / (y_45scale * (y_45scale * x_45scale))))
              end function
              
              public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
              	return -4.0 * ((b * (a / (x_45_scale / a))) * (b / (y_45_scale * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
              }
              
              def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
              	return -4.0 * ((b * (a / (x_45_scale / a))) * (b / (y_45_scale * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))))
              
              function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
              	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(Float64(b * Float64(a / Float64(x_45_scale / a))) * Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))))
              end
              
              function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
              	tmp = -4.0 * ((b * (a / (x_45_scale / a))) * (b / (y_45_scale * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
              end
              
              code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(-4.0 * N[(N[(b * N[(a / N[(x$45$scale / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              -4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{a}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right)
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Initial program 25.9%

                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Simplified20.3%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \]
                2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 43.4%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutative43.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  2. times-frac44.1%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                  3. unpow244.1%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  4. unpow244.1%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  5. times-frac59.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  6. unpow259.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  7. unpow259.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                4. Simplified59.4%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
                5. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. times-frac79.5%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
                6. Applied egg-rr79.5%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. unswap-sqr97.0%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)\right)} \]
                  2. pow297.0%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}} \]
                  3. frac-times92.1%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
                  4. *-commutative92.1%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot b}}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
                  5. frac-times95.1%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
                  6. pow-prod-down71.7%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
                  7. pow271.7%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right) \]
                  8. unpow271.7%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
                  9. times-frac55.5%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                  10. associate-*r/53.9%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
                  11. frac-times56.3%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
                8. Applied egg-rr56.3%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
                9. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. associate-*r*61.3%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b}}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \]
                  2. *-un-lft-identity61.3%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}} \]
                  3. times-frac62.0%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{1} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right)} \]
                  4. associate-*l/57.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}} \cdot b}{1} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right) \]
                10. Applied egg-rr57.2%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale} \cdot b}{1} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right)} \]
                11. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. /-rgt-identity57.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale} \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right) \]
                  2. *-commutative57.2%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right) \]
                  3. associate-/l*62.0%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{a}}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right) \]
                  4. associate-*r*69.4%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{a}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                12. Simplified69.4%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{a}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
                13. Final simplification69.4%

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\frac{x-scale}{a}}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \]

                Alternative 5: 93.6% accurate, 146.2× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\\ -4 \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot t_0\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                 :precision binary64
                 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ a x-scale) (/ b y-scale)))) (* -4.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
                double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                	double t_0 = (a / x_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale);
                	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
                }
                
                real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: a
                    real(8), intent (in) :: b
                    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                    real(8) :: t_0
                    t_0 = (a / x_45scale) * (b / y_45scale)
                    code = (-4.0d0) * (t_0 * t_0)
                end function
                
                public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                	double t_0 = (a / x_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale);
                	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
                }
                
                def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                	t_0 = (a / x_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale)
                	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0)
                
                function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                	t_0 = Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * Float64(b / y_45_scale))
                	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(t_0 * t_0))
                end
                
                function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                	t_0 = (a / x_45_scale) * (b / y_45_scale);
                	tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
                end
                
                code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(-4.0 * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                t_0 := \frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\\
                -4 \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot t_0\right)
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 25.9%

                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Simplified20.3%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0 43.4%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. *-commutative43.4%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    2. times-frac44.1%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    3. unpow244.1%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    4. unpow244.1%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    5. times-frac59.4%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    6. unpow259.4%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    7. unpow259.4%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                  4. Simplified59.4%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
                  5. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. times-frac79.5%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
                  6. Applied egg-rr79.5%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. unswap-sqr97.0%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)\right)} \]
                    2. pow297.0%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}} \]
                    3. frac-times92.1%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
                    4. *-commutative92.1%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot b}}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
                    5. frac-times95.1%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}}^{2} \]
                    6. pow-prod-down71.7%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{a}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
                    7. pow271.7%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right) \]
                    8. unpow271.7%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
                    9. times-frac55.5%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                    10. associate-*r/53.9%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
                    11. frac-times56.3%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
                  8. Applied egg-rr56.3%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
                  9. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. times-frac53.9%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
                    2. associate-*r/55.5%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)} \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
                    3. frac-times71.7%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)}\right) \]
                    4. unswap-sqr95.1%

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)\right)} \]
                  10. Applied egg-rr95.1%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)\right)} \]
                  11. Final simplification95.1%

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right)\right) \]

                  Alternative 6: 35.1% accurate, 2485.0× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0 \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale) :precision binary64 0.0)
                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                  	return 0.0;
                  }
                  
                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                      code = 0.0d0
                  end function
                  
                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                  	return 0.0;
                  }
                  
                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                  	return 0.0
                  
                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                  	return 0.0
                  end
                  
                  function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                  	tmp = 0.0;
                  end
                  
                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := 0.0
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  0
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Initial program 25.9%

                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                  2. Simplified20.1%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -a \cdot a\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{y-scale}, \frac{2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -a \cdot a\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{y-scale}, \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot -4\right)\right)} \]
                  3. Taylor expanded in b around 0 22.0%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. distribute-rgt-out22.0%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 + 4\right)} \]
                    2. metadata-eval22.0%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{a}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{0} \]
                    3. mul0-rgt33.2%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
                  5. Simplified33.2%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
                  6. Final simplification33.2%

                    \[\leadsto 0 \]

                  Reproduce

                  ?
                  herbie shell --seed 2023283 
                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                    :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                    :precision binary64
                    (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))